Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This randomised, double-blind, study was carried out in 930 patients in order to examine the efficacy and safety of oral granisetron in the dose range 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg twice daily. Oral granisetron was administered for either 7 or 14 days according to the chemotherapy regimen used. A total of 930 patients were enrolled into this study in order to be able to detect a difference of 15% between groups (80% power). The preliminary results showed that at 7 days efficacy was significantly greater for 1.0 mg b.d. (58.5%) than for 0.25 mg b.d. (43.7%) and indicated that, of the doses examined, the 1.0 mg b.d. dose was optimal in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. In agreement with this there were more withdrawals from the 0.25 and 0.5 mg groups due to lack of efficacy. The adverse events most frequently reported (in greater than 5% of patients) were constipation, headache, abdominal pain, fever, leucopenia and asthenia. The latter three are recognised side effects of the primary disease and of chemotherapy. The incidence of headache was similar to that seen in previous granisetron studies. Abdominal pain may have been related to constipation. The incidence of constipation (25.9%) was higher than that reported in previous granisetron studies but was not dose related. Thus oral granisetron at 1.0 mg twice daily is an effective antiemetic, offering a convenient dosing regimen without significant adverse events.
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PMID:Oral granisetron--simple and effective: a preliminary report. The Granisetron Study Group. 132 Sep 17

Patients with symptomatic endometriosis of the colon and distal small bowel usually present with crampy abdominal pain, pelvic and rectal pain, constipation, and dyspareunia. Superficial disease can be easily resected laparoscopically with scissors. Deeper lesions require full-thickness resection and closure of the bowel. Occasionally deep, large, or multiple lesions will require segmental resection for adequate control of the disease. Five patients with intestinal endometriosis underwent attempted laparoscopic segmental colon resection. Two patients required conversion to open laparotomy because of difficulty with the anastomosis. No operative complications or deaths occurred in this group. Those patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy showed return of bowel function within 24 to 48 h and were discharged home on postoperative day 4.
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PMID:Laparoscopic segmental resection of the sigmoid and rectosigmoid colon for endometriosis. 134 16

We studied seventy patients, 23 males and 47 females with irritable bowel syndrome in adolescence aged 13-19 yrs, who visited the department of psychosomatic medicine in Takano Hospital during about six year period of April, 1986-July, 1992. Takano Hospital is a coloproctological center in Kumamoto. In the clinical pattern of adolescent patients with irritable bowel syndrome the "gas" pattern was dominant (51.4%). Patients with the gas pattern have severe symptoms of flatus, fullness, rumbling sound and abdominal pain as well as bowel dysfunction, constipation and diarrhea in a classroom. Next, the diarrheal pattern occurred in 20.0%. Diarrheal patients complained of frequent bowel movements and retention feelings before attending school. Recurrent abdominal pain-like pattern was found in 7.1% patients. Clinical symptoms in the adolescent patients seem to derived from a mental tension and stress in a close classroom or before attending school. Many adolescenct patients (67.1%) with irritable bowel syndrome are embarrassed in school-maladjustment; leaving class early, late coming, a long absence, and a withdrawal.
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PMID:[Irritable bowel syndrome in adolescence]. 136 22

In the treatment of IBS best results could be obtained by implementing a comprehensive program for the patients. This might include a through examination, an explanation of the condition to the patients, psychologic managements, and correction of any bad habits, as well as drug therapy. The aim of drug therapy of IBS is the relief of the symptoms: such as abdominal pain, disturbed bowel function, anxiety or depression. As there is no drug which is effective in relieving the entire range of symptoms, drug should be chosen according to specific symptoms. Tranquilizers and antispasmodics may be the most commonly used drugs, however their efficacy is limited. To postprandial pain antispasmodics or trimebutine are most effective when prescribed before meal. Antidepressant are beneficial for the depressive state. Bulking agents are preferable mainly in relieving constipation, and loperamide is effective in treating diarrhea.
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PMID:[Pharmaceutical treatment of irritable bowel syndrome]. 136 24

Pseudo-obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare disorder of impaired gastrointestinal motility. The more common symptoms of pseudo-obstruction in the infant or child include dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, abdominal pain, and constipation. The majority of children have symptoms within the first year of life. Chronic cases of pseudo-obstruction are associated with neuropathic or myopathic changes in other parts of the body. Bladder dysfunction and neurological problems have been reported. The diagnosis of pseudo-obstruction is based on history, physical examination, radiographic studies and motility studies. Advances in medical technology have facilitated the identification of abnormal motility patterns in children. Therapy for pseudo-obstruction is primarily supportive. The use of motility agents has been unsuccessful in treating pseudo-obstruction. Nutritional and antibiotic therapy are the mainstays of treatment. Nursing interventions, patient/family education and advances in home care technology have improved the quality of life for children with pseudo-obstruction. Small bowel transplantation offers hope for the future.
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PMID:Pseudo-obstruction in children. 137 52

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is defined as a functional bowel disorder in which abdominal pain is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habit, and with features of disordered defecation and distension. The irritable bowel syndrome occurs in 10 to 20% of people worldwide and is very commonly encountered in clinical practice. This has encouraged the pharmaceutical industry to search for effective drug therapy. So far, a universally effective agent has not been found, and since this is a chronic, benign disorder, beginning in youth, long term drug use should be avoided. Nevertheless, if a specific IBS symptom, such as constipation or abdominal pain dominates, a specific drug may be helpful. However, tests and treatment should be minimised or even avoided in order to do no harm. A largely nonpharmaceutical approach to IBS should be taken. This approach employs drugs sparingly and then only targeted at specific and resistant symptoms.
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PMID:Drug treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. 138 14

A case of a rare recurrent lipoma originating from the perirenal fat is reported. Onset of symptoms (abdominal pain, weight loss, appetite loss, abdominal swelling, nausea, constipation) is late and the treatment is surgical, but postoperative radiation or chemotherapy may be indicated. Ultrasound, CT and NMR scans, pyelograms and barium enemas are the most important diagnostic investigations. Follow-up in these patients is important.
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PMID:Recurrent benign retroperitoneal lipoma. 141 Sep 12

Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which is effective and well tolerated as an antiemetic for emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron is rapidly absorbed after oral administration (tmax 1.9 h) with an absolute bioavailability of around 60%. Its terminal elimination half-life is 3.5 h and it is extensively hepatically metabolized. Plasma clearance is 0.38 litre h-1 kg-1 and volume of distribution is 1.8 litre kg-1. Plasma clearance is reduced by age (31% reduction) and hepatic failure (80% reduction in severe failure). In patients undergoing general anaesthesia there is a slight prolongation of terminal half-life, which is not of clinical significance. Ondansetron is very well tolerated in volunteer studies. Headache, mild abdominal pain, and constipation occur infrequently. There is no evidence for effects of ondansetron on cardiac function (electrocardiogram, cardiac output, blood pressure and heart rate), and haemostatic function in volunteers and patients. Respiratory depression induced during general anaesthesia is not potentiated by ondansetron. No drug interactions have been noted with temazepam, atracurium, alfentanil and alcohol in man. There are also no interactions seen in animal studies using pentobarbitone, morphine, neostigmine, prednisolone and diazepam.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology of ondansetron in postoperative nausea and vomiting. 142 20

Three cases of Chilaiditi's syndrome are reported. Case 1: A 56-year-old woman was admitted with dysphagia. She had been suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis for 16 years. Three years before the admission, dysphagia developed and dilatation and hypomotility of the esophagus were observed. Chest and abdominal x-ray films on admission showed severe dilatation of the intestine, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, abdominal free air, and Chilaiditi's syndrome. Chilaiditi's syndrome and other signs disappeared after conservative treatment. She died four months later due to cor pulmonale. Case 2: An 87-year-old man was admitted with constipation and left lower abdominal pain. Physical examination showed ascites. Chest and abdominal x-ray examination showed Chilaiditi's syndrome. Cytological examination of ascites revealed adenocarcinoma cells. Diagnosis of peritonitis carcinomatosa due to cancer of pancreatic tail was made. Chilaiditi's syndrome disappeared after removal of ascites. Case 3: A 71-year-old bedridden man who had urinary incontinence developed meterorism. Repeated chest x-ray examinations constantly showed Chilaiditi's syndrome. He died of pneumonia two years later. The pathogenesis of Chilaiditi's syndrome was discussed and the literature was reviewed.
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PMID:[Three cases of Chilaiditi's syndrome--hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the colon]. 143 56

Data from four double-blind studies of the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis were combined. For 4 to 12 weeks, 747 patients received Arthrotec, a combination of 50 mg of diclofenac and 200 micrograms of misoprostol, and 754 patients received 50 mg of diclofenac; the drugs were given twice or three times daily. The five most commonly reported adverse events were abdominal pain by 23.2% of the diclofenac/misoprostol patients and 19.8% of the diclofenac patients; diarrhea by 19.9% and 11.3%; nausea by 11.8% and 6.5%; dyspepsia by 11.2% and 7.8%; and flatulence by 8.0% and 3.1%. Other adverse events, reported by similar proportions of both treatment groups, included headache, gastritis, dizziness, vomiting, and constipation. In the diclofenac/misoprostol-treated patients, the abdominal pain and diarrhea were rated mild in 30.6% and 24.3%, moderate in 49.1% and 51.4%, and severe in 20.2% and 24.3%. Serious adverse events occurred in eight of the diclofenac/misoprostol-treated patients and in 13 of the diclofenac-treated patients; 12.6% and 10.1%, respectively, were withdrawn from the study because of adverse events. Results of laboratory tests of hepatic and renal function were similar in the two treatment groups.
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PMID:Overall safety of Arthrotec. 143 22


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