Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The seeds and roots of Heliotropium lasocarpium, contain a pyrrolizidine alkaloid which causes toxic liver injury and veno-occlusive disease (VOD), characterised by an occlusive lesion of the centrolobular veins of the liver, when consumed by humans. The Farkhar region of Southern Tadjikistan, was blockaded from May to November 1992. This led to a famine and a delay of two months in the wheat harvest. Heliotropium lasocarpium had time to grow in the fields and their seeds were therefore collected with the wheat. The contaminated wheat was distributed to the population, who milled it and made bread. The first case of liver toxicity was six weeks after the first consumption of the contaminated bread. By March 1993, 3,906 cases had been recorded (attack rate = 4%). The attack rate were 0.4%, 5.4%, 4.0%, 2.8% and 1.5% for the less than 1 year, 1-14 years, 15-30 years, 31-50 years and over 50 years age groups respectively. The overall case fatality ratio (CFR) was 1.3% and increased with age from 0 to 5.9% in the same age groups. Two of the ten collective farms represented 83.3% of the cases attack rate of 16.9% and 23.6%. Four stages of illness were defined. Stage I corresponds to abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, and asthenia. All stage I patients (55.5%) recovered rapidly. Stage II is an association of Stage I and hepatomegalia (29.9%). Stage III includes ascites in addition to these symptoms (13.7%) and stage IV alteration of consciousness (0.9%). The last case was reported on March 4th 1993.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[An outbreak of Heliotrope food poisoning, Tadjikistan, November 1992-March 1993]. 792 99

During normal pregnancy, serum transaminase levels remain within normal limits. An elevated level observed in a pregnant woman always signals a disease process, most often of hepatic origin, but in certain cases, of muscular origin. During the last three months of pregnancy and in the immediate post partum period a large number of liver diseases can cause elevated transaminase levels, depending upon the clinical presentation. In everyday practice, a complete liver battery together with specialized consultation is required for all pregnant women with raised transaminase levels. Toxaemia gravis may be evident in patients with severely raised blood pressure, especially if seizures occur. Epigastric or subcostal pain should suggest hepatic involvement. Hypertension may however be absent and epigastric or left shoulder pain may be the only clinical signs. Acute liver steatosis is 20 to 50 times more rare than toxaemia and may cause nausea and vomiting. Certain non-specific signs such as asthenia, anorexia, polyalgia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and fever, together with pruritus should suggest acute hepatitis. A 25-fold increase in transaminase level is commonly encountered. The risk of fulminating hepatitis is less than 1/1000 but should always be entertained. All drugs should be stopped and careful research for recent xenobiotic contamination (drugs, infusions, alphamethyldopa, etc.) should be undertaken. Viral hepatitis requires serovaccination of the newborn at birth. Herpetic hepatitis is rare but requires rapid diagnosis (liver biopsy) and treatment with acyclovir in addition to cesarean section and treatment of the newborn at birth. Rare cases of hepatitis E may occur after a stay in North Africa, the Middle-East, Southeast Asia or Mexico. Chronic cases with or without temporary pruritus suggest infectious hepatitis B or C although, in chronic hepatitis C, serum transaminase levels often return to normal during pregnancy. Rare cases of asymptomatic elevations of serum transaminase levels can reveal subclinical chronic hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Significance of elevated transaminase levels at the end of pregnancy]. 802 21

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a novel water-soluble, semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin, with inhibitory effects on mammalian DNA topoisomerase I, high cytotoxic activity in vitro and anticancer activity in animal models. Fifty-nine patients, with cancer refractory to conventional therapy, were entered in this phase I study, using a weekly schedule administration. A total of 304 weekly doses were administered at dose levels ranging from 50 to 145 mg/m2 (30-90 min i.v. infusion). Leukoneutropenia and diarrhea were the dose-limiting toxicities and appeared to be dose related, reversible and noncumulative. However, interpatient variability of toxic effects was substantial. Prolongation of the infusion time from 30 min to 90 min appeared to decrease the diarrhea. Other toxicities included moderate emesis, asthenia, alopecia, abdominal pain, and anemia. CPT-11 plasma disposition was bi- or triphasic with a terminal half-life of 9.3 h. CPT-11 area under the plasma concentration versus time curves increased linearly with dose (r = 0.47, P < 0.01). The active metabolite area under the plasma concentration versus time curve correlated significantly with that of CPT-11, but not with that of CPT-11 dose. Both CPT-11 and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin areas under the plasma concentration versus time curve correlated significantly with leukoneutropenia and diarrhea. One partial and 4 minor responses were observed at dose levels of 130 and 145 mg/m2. Using this weekly schedule, recommended doses for phase II studies are 100 mg/m2 in high risk patients and 115 mg/m2 in others.
 ...
PMID:Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the camptothecin derivative irinotecan, administered on a weekly schedule in cancer patients. 804 82

A review was conducted of the safety and tolerability of fluvoxamine in 54 worldwide marketing studies that enrolled 24,624 patients, the majority of whom were treated with fluvoxamine in uncontrolled studies in depression. In accordance with the general epidemiologic distribution of depressive disorder, female patients and patients aged between 30 and 50 years predominated. The majority of patients were treated for 6 weeks, the most frequent, or modal, total daily dose being 100 mg. Overall, 57.4% of the patients exposed to fluvoxamine did not have any adverse experiences. The greatest proportion of adverse experiences, as defined using COSTART body systems, affected the digestive system (24.1%), the nervous system (23.7%), and the body as a whole (15.3%). The only adverse experience with an incidence greater than 10% was nausea (15.7%); somnolence (6.9%) and asthenia (6.2%) were the next most frequent adverse experiences. Notably, the rates of agitation and anxiety were only 1.4% and 1.3%, respectively. The incidences of adverse experiences generally increased with age and were slightly higher in females than in males. In total, 15.1% of patients discontinued treatment prematurely as a result of adverse experiences, principally nausea, dizziness, vomiting, somnolence, abdominal pain, and headache. The overall incidence of serious adverse events in association with fluvoxamine treatment was 2.5% when U.S. Food and Drug Administration criteria and the most conservative approach, without causality judgments, were used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Safety database on fluvoxamine: analysis and report. 837 16

Hepatic undifferentiated mesenchymal sarcoma is a rare pediatric malignant neoplasm. We present three children, aged 7, 8, and 12 years, with this tumor. Clinical presentation was abdominal pain, palpable mass, asthenia, anorexia, and weight loss. One had jaundice. All three lesions were detected on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI localized the lesions more accurately than the other methods, with good resectability correlation. On MRI, these tumors were markedly hyperintense on long TR/TE spin-echo (SE) and short-time inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. This was due to the cystic areas with myxoid material and necrosis. The internal separations were hypointense on these sequences. On short TR/TE SE sequences the lesions presented a fibrous pseudocapsule (two cases), and internal hyperintense areas representing hemorrhage (two cases). MRI also detected vascular invasion (one case), biliary obstruction (one case), and hilar adenopathies (one case). The combination of hemorrhage (hyperintense on short TR/TE SE) and cystic or myxoid components (markedly hyperintense on long TR/TE SE and STIR sequences) is common in this tumor.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic mesenchymal sarcoma: MRI findings. 843 59

A total of 217 patients with essential hypertension were enrolled by 25 Canadian centers in this double-blind, parallel study to compare the efficacy and safety of enalapril administered alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. After a 4-week placebo period, patients were given 10 mg of enalapril for 2 weeks. At the end of the 2 weeks of therapy, patients were maintained on the same dose of enalapril, titrated to a higher dose of enalapril, or received combination therapy with hydrochlorothiazide if their diastolic blood pressure remained > 90 mmHg. Patients in group 1 received enalapril 10 mg or 20 mg and those in group 2 received enalapril 10 mg alone or combined with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg. The maintenance phase lasted 8 weeks. A standard mercury sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure at each visit. The mean decrease in supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) was 16 mmHg in groups 1 and 2; the mean decrease in supine systolic blood pressure (SSBP) was 19 mmHg in group 1 and 20 mmHg in group 2. Eighty percent of the patients in group 1 and 81% of those in group 2 had an SDBP < or = 90 mmHg at the final visit. To achieve this control, 67% of the patients received enalapril 10 mg and 33% received enalapril 20 mg in group 1. In group 2, 70% of the patients received enalapril 10 mg and 30% received enalapril 10 mg plus hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg. Eighteen patients in group 1 and 17 patients in group 2 experienced one or more minor adverse events. The most frequently reported adverse events were headache, asthenia, abdominal pain, nausea, and dizziness. No major adverse events were observed. We conclude that enalapril used alone reduces blood pressure in the majority of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. When blood pressure is not controlled by enalapril alone, hydrochlorothiazide can safely be added to the regimen.
 ...
PMID:Enalapril and enalapril-hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of essential hypertension. The Enalapril-Hydrochlorothiazide in Essential Hypertension Canadian Working Group. 851 44

We present the results of the investigation of an epidemic outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection which affected 95 schoolchildren from certain village in Catalonia. The investigation took an epidemiological, clinical and microbiological approach, detecting by capture enzyme-immunoassay technique the presence of IgM antibodies against M. pneumoniae. All cases occurred over a 9 week period. The attack rate in children under five was 18% and 8.2% in those from 5-14 years. The age mean and standard deviation of the cases was 5.2 +/- 3.5 years, the range being from 9 months to 14 years. Cough was the most common clinical manifestation (87.4%), followed by fever (67.4%), asthenia (21.1%), abdominal pain (18.9%), vomiting (13.7%), earache (8.4%) and sore throat (6.3%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of symptoms according to age groups. IgM anti M. pneumoniae was positive in 36 (37.9%) of the samples analysed. Treatment chosen in most cases (90) was eritromicin and there was a correct evolution in all cases except for two clinical and radiological recurrences. Hospitalization was only necessary in 5 cases. The present findings are important to emphasize the high incidence of M. pneumoniae respiratory disease in children under 5, and suggests that with respiratory processes affecting very young children, a possible Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection should also be considered and the necessary action taken in the form of early and appropriate treatment.
 ...
PMID:Community outbreak of acute respiratory infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 881 90

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas presenting exclusively in the liver are rather uncommon in adults and extremely rare in children. We describe a six-year-old white boy with jaundice, abdominal pain, and weight loss of two weeks duration. Physical examination disclosed asthenia, jaundice, abdominal swelling, large hepatomegaly, and ascitis. Aminotransferases bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated. Bone marrow aspiration, cerebrospinal fluid, chest x-ray, renal function tests, and uric acid were normal. Abdominal ultrasound showed liver enlargement with irregular regular borders, many parenchymal nodules in both liver lobes, a large hypoechogenic mass in the inferior segment of the liver, normal biliary ducts and two pancreatic nodules resembling those in the liver. Liver needle biopsy disclosed diffuse lymphomatous infiltration. Blast cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen (CD 45). Immunohistochemistry study for T or B cell lineage differentiation was not done. The child showed an excellent response to chemotherapy based on the BFM-83 protocol for B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The patient had his therapy discontinued in June 1995 and remains in first complete remission as of May 20th, 1996.
 ...
PMID:Primary hepatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children: a case report and review of the literature. 912 4

Leiomyoblastoma is a rare, smooth muscle tumor of the stomach that occurs chiefly in the antrum. We present the case of a 51 year old man suffering from asthenia and mild upper abdominal pain. Investigations showed a big exculcerated tumor of the lesser gastric curvature. He underwent a subtotal gastrectomy for a non-metastasizing leiomyoblastoma, grade 1. But already 5 months later, he developed an invasive non-resectable local recurrence of high grade malignancy and died 3 month after a second look. Those tumors affect middle-aged patients who present usually upper gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer-like symptoms. Although the large majority of leiomyoblastoma are benign, malignancy occurs in up to 10% of cases. A large surgical resection of the tumor (including the total thickness of the gastric wall) or a partial gastrectomy is recommended.
 ...
PMID:[Gastric leiomyoblastoma: literature review and report of a case]. 917 7

Aim of this study was the assessment of the prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) in children attending the secondary school in the city of Padua. 939 students, aged 10-15 years (mean age: 12 years, 7 months), 35% eligible population, were accepted to undergo a study process which included three stages: a) in all students venous sample was taken for measurement of the IgG and IgA anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA); b) measurement of serum immunoglobulins and anti-endomysium antibodies (AEA) if AGA IgA was resulted positive; c) intestinal biopsy was performed in 3 students; two of them had pathologic levels of AGA IgG and IgA and AEA. These patients were females and had decreased rates of statural growth, anemia with iron deficiency, anorexia, abdominal pain, asthenia. The third girl had positive AGA IgG and IgA but absence of AEA and normal biopsy. She also had symptoms of abdominal pain, reduced height. Follow-up studies have been planned to establish a latent phase of CD. In conclusion, the prevalence of CD was 2.13/1000 (0.37-8.55, 95% CI), if we consider the patients with established diagnosis of CD in the same urban area and of the same age, the overall incidence increases to 2.6/1000. This prevalence, therefore, is higher, than that of 0.5/1000 previously reported in the general population, with a ratio of 1/4 between patients already known and the cases detected in this study.
 ...
PMID:[Silent celiac disease: results of a study in secondary schools of Padua]. 931 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>