Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Symptomatic treatment is the only possibility in the large majority of patients with pancreatic cancer since a curative surgical excision of the tumor is only possible in less than 5% of cases. In most cases, symptomatic treatment must take short survival rate into consideration. Symptoms managed, in the aim to improve the quality of remaining life include weight loss and anorexia, abdominal pain, jaundice secondary to biliary compression, and sometimes digestive consequences of pancreatic surgery. Weight loss can be treated with nutritional support (particularly enteral nutrition) but the indications of such a treatment are rare. Abdominal pain should be treated by potent analgesics (opiates) and sometimes by percutaneous block of the coeliac ganglion rather than abdominal radiotherapy. Jaundice can be treated by surgical biliary drainage or better still by palliative biliary endoprothesis. Finally, digestive consequences of pancreatic surgery require symptomatic treatment.
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PMID:[Conclusions concerning the symptomatic treatment of cancer of the pancreas]. 169 51

Twenty-four cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome were studied in Delhi in the months of September and October, 1988. The majority of these cases were boys aged 6-10 years. Classical symptoms of dengue (fever, headache, aesthesia, myalgia) occurred in all the patients. Digestive symptoms (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain and hepatomegaly) were also common. Haemorrhagic manifestations were present in 41.7% of the cases. Of these, 90% had gastrointestinal haemorrhages. Shock occurred in 17 cases (70.8%). Thrombocytopenia and prolongation of coagulation profile were found in 62.5% of cases. Three patients (12.5%) who presented with encephalopathy died. The other 21 patients recovered after an average period of 2-8 days.
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PMID:An epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome in Delhi: a clinical study. 170 58

Gallbladder cancer afflicts predominantly women, the elderly, and persons with gallstones. Despite its producing symptoms of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, jaundice, and anorexia, this disease remains difficult to detect. Even with contemporary imaging techniques, most gallbladder cancers escape diagnosis until the time of laparotomy. The aggressive character of this malignancy permits an overall 5-year survival rate of 3-5%. Although cures occur, the majority of operations performed for gallbladder cancer are for palliation. The objects of palliation include relief of pain, relief of jaundice, relief of intestinal obstruction, and the restoration of normal food intake. Resection of the tumor should be performed whenever possible; however, extensive operations including large liver resections and pancreaticoduodenectomy should be avoided in the presence of distant metastases. In the presence of large unresectable hilar masses, internal biliary bypass may relieve jaundice. Biliary-enteric anastomosis using the segment III duct exposed via the umbilical fissure may offer satisfactory relief of jaundice in selected cases.
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PMID:Palliative operative procedures for carcinoma of the gallbladder. 137 59

In a randomized clinical trial, norfloxacin was compared with nalidixic acid in the treatment of acute invasive diarrhea, with particular reference to shigellosis in adults. Of 104 patients studied, 40 were positive for Shigella in stool cultures, of which 22 received norfloxacin and 18 received nalidixic acid. The patients in these two groups were comparable on admission. In the treatment of culture-positive shigellosis cases, the responses to therapy with both drugs were similar, except that the duration of fever, anorexia, and abdominal pain were less in those who received norfloxacin. Norfloxacin appeared to be superior to nalidixic acid in the treatment of shigellosis cases caused by Shigella strains resistant to nalidixic acid.
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PMID:Randomized clinical trial of norfloxacin for shigellosis. 176 94

An outbreak of food poisoning resulting in 13 deaths in children occurred in Malaysia during the Chinese Festival of the Nine-Emperor Gods in 1988. The offending food was a Chinese noodle called 'Loh See Fun' (LSF). The source was traced to a factory where a banned food preservative was added to make the LSF. The food poisoning was attributable to aflatoxins and boric acid. The clinical features included vomiting, pyrexia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anorexia, giddiness, seizures, and eventual coma. Initially, many presented with a Reye-like syndrome. Eleven post-mortem examinations were performed. The pathological findings included extensive coagulative necrosis of the liver with proliferative 'ductal/ductular metaplasia of the hepatocytes'. Giant cell formation, central vein sclerosis, bile stasis, and steatosis were also noted. There was presence of acute tubular necrosis, superficial upper gastrointestinal erosions, and ensuing encephalopathy. The eventual cause of death is acute hepatic and renal failure.
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PMID:An outbreak of aflatoxicosis and boric acid poisoning in Malaysia: a clinicopathological study. 189 May 47

Since the introduction and availability of abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography, 38 patients have been admitted to the Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong with a subsequently confirmed histological diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder. The majority of patients presented with abdominal pain, anorexia or weight loss, jaundice, and anaemia or an abdominal swelling. Abnormal liver function tests were found in 70-90%. Cholangiography, ultrasound and particularly computed tomography helped to confirm clinical suspicion when performed but 23 patients (61%) had an inaccurate diagnosis made before surgery. Operative intervention was only of benefit when the carcinoma was confined to the gallbladder (median survival after cholecystectomy alone 13 months; other procedures 2 months; P less than 0.01). Carcinoma of the gallbladder carries a poor prognosis but ultrasound and computed tomography can help select patients for appropriate treatment (surgery, endoscopic stenting, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) if clinical suspicion is raised.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the gallbladder: a diagnostic challenge. 192 Feb 32

Anorectic and bulimic patients frequently report symptoms of constipation, bloating, and abdominal pain suggestive of abnormal gastrointestinal motility or transit. However, except for studies of gastric emptying, gastrointestinal motility and transit in these eating disorders have not been investigated. Ten anorectic and 18 bulimic inpatients were compared with 10 healthy controls. Whole-gut transit was tested by the radiopaque marker technique, and mouth-to-cecum transit time was assessed by the lactulose breath test. All anorectics and 67% of bulimics complained of constipation. Whole-gut transit time was significantly delayed in both anorectics (66.6 +/- 29.6 hours) and bulimics (70.2 +/- 32.4 hours) compared with controls (38.0 +/- 19.6 hours). Mouth-to-cecum transit time also tended to be longer in anorectics (109.0 +/- 33.5 minutes) and bulimics (106.2 +/- 24.5 minutes) than in controls (84.0 +/- 27.7 minutes), but these differences were not statistically significant. Delayed transit could contribute to or perpetuate the eating disorders by (a) causing the patient to feel bloated, thereby exacerbating fear of fatness, or (b) causing rectal distention, which may reflexly inhibit gastric emptying.
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PMID:Delayed gastrointestinal transit times in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. 193 3

Patients previously treated with H2-receptor blocking agents (cimetidine or ranitidine) exhibited a complex neurobehavioral and gastroenteric syndrome, including anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, growing thin, irritability, tachycardia, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, vertigo. These symptoms were dramatically reduced by administration of cimetidine or ranitidine, and reappeared with a new suspension of the therapy. The withdrawal syndrome from H2-receptor antagonists was reversed by treatment with domperidone (10 mg three times per day), a potent hyperprolactinaemic drug which does not cross the blood brain barrier. These results suggest that the drop in prolactin levels that occurs when cimetidine or ranitidine are suspended may contribute to the development of the withdrawal syndrome.
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PMID:[The H2-antagonist therapy withdrawal syndrome: the possible role of hyperprolactinemia]. 198 22

Within the health care of the elderly with prevention, diagnosis, therapy, rehabilitation, nursing care and social service, diagnostic procedures are of great importance to avoid under- and over-diagnosis. Many diagnostic difficulties exist in elderly patients such as changed reference values, changed normal values and changed signs and symptoms. Well-known examples of conditions which are likely to be under-diagnosed include depression and urinary incontinence. Examples are given from the cardiopulmonary field where e.g. dyspnoea showed to be very common, but in only 36% of males and 52% in females related to cardiac failure or pulmonary disease. The most common symptom of acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients was shown to be dyspnoea, whereas chest pain occurred in only one fifth of the cases. In another study of patients with ulcer disease loss of appetite and weight, nausea and anemia were more common than abdominal pain and heartburn. In peritonitis patients, abdominal pain was observed in only just more than half of the cases and guarding and/or abdominal rigidity in about one third. In patients with suspect age dementia a detailed investigation showed the prevalence of organic dementia to be 89% whereas 3% had treatable dementia and 8% non-dementia conditions. In geriatric long-term patients the mean hearing loss in the speech area was about 50 dB, in spite of the fact that only about 10% of the patients had hearing aids. The need for nursing diagnosis is also obvious. It is concluded that a detailed multidisciplinary diagnostic investigation procedure is very important in geriatric medicine.
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PMID:The importance of diagnostic procedures to ensure quality of health care in geriatric medicine. Examples from recent studies. 198 60

In Nazi-occupied Europe (1939-1945), Jews were submitted to extreme mental and physical hardships (the Holocaust). This study was designed to investigate the impact of the severe protracted suffering on the development of chronic functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Thus, we studied 623 consecutive patients of Eastern European origin who had been admitted for nongastrointestinal complaints. They filled out detailed questionnaires, and were divided into the following two groups: A) Holocaust survivors [237 subjects who had been for at least 6 months in either German concentration/extermination camps (95 subjects), ghetto and/or underground movements (65 subjects), labor camps not directly supervised by Germans (79 subjects)], and B) a control group (384 subjects from the same demographic background, who had not been exposed to Nazi persecutions). The symptoms investigated were the following: abdominal pain, irregular bowel habits, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal distension, heartburn, flatulence, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, mucus in stool, tenesmus, and aerophagia. Patients were defined as having functional symptoms after these had been present for at least 5 yr and relevant organic disease had been excluded. The prevalence, duration of suffering, and frequency of appearance of most symptoms were significantly higher in the group of Holocaust survivors. This study supports the clinical observations that severe and protracted suffering contributes to the development of chronic functional gastrointestinal symptomatology.
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PMID:Chronic functional gastrointestinal symptoms in Holocaust survivors. 201 42


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