Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is part of the spectrum of functional bowel disorders characterised by a diverse consortium of abdominal symptoms including abdominal pain, altered bowel function (bowel frequency and/or constipation), bloating, abdominal distension, the sensation of incomplete evacuation and the increased passage of mucus. It is not surprising therefore that no single, unifying mechanism has as yet been put forward to explain symptom production in IBS. The currently favoured model includes both central and end-organ components which may be combined to create an integrated hypothesis incorporating psychological factors (stress, distress, affective disorder) with end-organ dysfunction (motility disorder, visceral hypersensitivity) possibly aggravated by sub-clinical inflammation as a residuum of an intestinal infection. There is currently no universally effective therapy for IBS. Standard therapy generally involves a symptom-directed approach; anti-diarrhoeal agents for bowel frequency, soluble fibre or laxatives for constipation and smooth muscle relaxants and anti-spasmodics for pain. New drug development has focused predominantly on agents that modify the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the gut, principally the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists for painful diarrhoea predominant IBS and 5-HT(4) agonists for constipation predominant IBS. More speculative new therapeutic approaches include anti-inflammatory agents, antibiotics, probiotics, antagonists of CCK1 receptors, tachykinins and other novel neuronal receptors.
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PMID:Treatment options in irritable bowel syndrome. 1532 13

A 46-year-old man complained of lower abdominal pain, and his abdominal and pelvic computed tomographic scan revealed left hydronephrosis and a huge tumor (9 X 9 cm) in the left distal ureter involving the left iliac vessel that was considered unresectable. Histological diagnosis showed squamous cell carcinoma, and histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) suggested the effectiveness of gemcitabine and nedaplatin. A cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of MEC (methotrexate 30 mg/ m2: day 1 and 15, epirubicin 50 mg/m2: day 1, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2: day 2 and 3) was performed as a first line chemotherapy, but the size of the ureteral tumor did not change. He was treated with 3 cycles of systematic combination chemotherapy consisting of gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2: day 1 and 8) and nedaplatin (80 mg/m2: day 1). After 2 courses of chemotherapy, the tumor size was reduced by 50% (PR; RECIST guidelines) and the tumor markers (SCC, CYFRA, NSE, CEA, and CA19-9) dropped to within the normal range. There were no serious adverse events except for grade 3 neutropenia which spontaneously recovered. However, because the tumor size was not reduced after the third cycle of chemotherapy, we applied external beam radiation to the primary lesion and the metastatic retroperitoneal lymph node site. No evidence of residual tumor progression has been found for 6 months after radiation therapy. We concluded that GN chemotherapy may be useful for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter.
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PMID:[A case of salvage combination chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus nedaplatin for squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter]. 1647 88