Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper is the second part of the article dealing with intestinal bacteria. The findings are relatively poor in comparing with the frequency of intestinal protozoa. Among 83 stool specimens taken for bacteriological examination 14 isolations of different bacteria were proved. One S. muenchen was isolated from a 3 year old boy with fever, diarrhoea. Five cases of Alkalescens dispar 05 manit negative and 05 manit positive were identified. Two of these cases were without clinical symptoms. All were males aged 10-17 years. One isolation of E. coli EPEC 086 K6 H11 was in a 10 year-old boy with diarrhoea, four watery stools daily and cramps. Six cases of other E. coli were of different types, all with clinical symptoms. Of them three were males and three females at the age from 3-46 years. One case had a mixed infection of Citrobacter, E. coli and Klebsiella with diarrhoea, about 5 watery stools daily and abdominal pain. The frequency of intestinal bacteria in males was nearly three times higher than in females. The occurrence in age groups 10-20 was almost equal 20.0-22.2%, in 0-4 it was 42.9% and surprisingly low in 5-9 years old--3.4% only.
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PMID:Pilot studies on the occurrence of some infectious diseases in two different areas in south Yemen (Aden) (part II. Microbiology). 130 Mar 59

An 8-year-old Arabian gelding with septic cholangitis and peritonitis was successfully treated with trimethoprim/sulfadiazine. The gelding was referred for evaluation of signs of abdominal pain, icterus, fever, and weight loss. Peritoneal fluid analysis revealed septic and suppurative peritonitis. Culture of the peritoneal fluid yielded Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which were sensitive to trimethoprim/sulfadiazine. On the basis of results of hepatic ultrasonography, a diagnosis of septic cholangitis also was made. The horse was treated with 30 mg of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine/kg, PO, q 12 h for approximately 6 weeks. The horse improved steadily, and telephone follow-up with the owner 1 year later disclosed that the horse had complete return to normal condition, appetite, and attitude. On the basis of our findings, aggressive, long-term anti-inflammatory and antibiotic treatment may result in complete return to health and normal athletic function in horses with septic cholangitis and concurrent septic peritonitis.
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PMID:Septic cholangitis and peritonitis in a gelding. 161 92

In a retrospective review of 300 children with nephrotic syndrome seen at National Taiwan University Hospital throughout the 12-year period from 1978 to 1990, 20 episodes of peritonitis were identified in 17 patients (7.4%). Gram-negative bacilli (E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were the majority of pathogens, accounting for 55% of all the cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae were cultured from only 15% of the patients. An additional 15% had negative culture results, but were clinically responsive to penicillin. In 15% of cases the cause was unknown. Clinically, peritonitis was characterized by abdominal pain (100%), abdominal tenderness (100%), rebounding pain (85%), leukocytosis (85%), and fever (75%). Based on this data, it seems reasonable to initiate antimicrobial therapy in nephrotic children with suspected peritonitis, using a combination of penicillin plus either an aminoglycoside or a broad-spectrum cephalosporin. This regimen should be continued until culture results are available.
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PMID:Peritonitis in children with nephrotic syndrome. 177 54

A prospective research was made on spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in chronic liver disease patients presenting with ascites. Forty clinical cases, of 37 patients, were analysed. All subjects were submitted to clinical and laboratory evaluation and diagnostic paracentesis, and the material was obtained for biochemical dosages, pH determination, cytology and bacterial cultures. Thirty cases of sterile ascites and 10 of SBP (25%) were detected. In 5 (50%) with SBP, the clinical findings were characteristic, with fever, abdominal pain and rebound tenderness. In 2 patients (20%) the presentation was atypical, without the complete triad described above. Finally in 3 (30%) SBP was silent, without any suggestive clinical manifestations of infection. In 7 cases (70%) cultures were positives; Streptococcus pneumoniae (3 cases), Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus negative coagulase, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae (one case each). In 7 (70%) SBP cases, the patients were admitted already infected in the hospital. Lethality in the SBP group was 30% and in the sterile ascites was 13.3%. We concluded that SBP is a frequent cause of morbid-lethality in patients with ascites and chronic hepatopathy, presenting itself often in a typical clinical manifestations.
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PMID:[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: occurrence in chronic liver disease patients in Recife]. 184 42

Cholangitis is an infection of the biliary ductal system that results from the combination of bactibilia and biliary obstruction. Choledocholithiasis has been the leading cause of cholangitis. However, in recent years, especially at tertiary referral centers, nonoperative biliary manipulations, often in patients with unresectable malignancies, have become the most common cause of cholangitis. As a result, the complete triad of fever and chills, jaundice, and abdominal pain, as originally described by Charcot, is now seen less frequently. Most patients still have leukocytosis and abnormal liver function tests, but many patients with indwelling tubes may develop cholangitis without significant jaundice. E. coli, Klebsiella species, and the enterococci remain the most frequently isolated organisms, and anaerobes including Bacteroides fragilis are recovered in 15% to 30% of patients. However, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species, as well as yeasts, are now being isolated more frequently from patients with indwelling tubes, who often have been treated previously with antibiotics. Computed cholangiography usually is necessary to determine the cause and site of biliary obstruction. In the majority of patients with cholangitis, cholangiography can be delayed until the patient has been afebrile for a minimum of 24 to 48 hours. Initial therapy includes bowel rest, intravenous fluids, and antibiotics. Many antibiotic regimens are now available to cover the gram-negative aerobes, the enterococcus, and the anaerobes that are likely to be causing the biliary infection. The combination of a penicillin and an aminoglycoside has been the gold standard. However, recent studies suggest that the newer broad-spectrum penicillins provide adequate therapy for these patients. Only a small percentage (5%-10%) of patients with toxic cholangitis require emergency biliary decompression. The choice of percutaneous or endoscopic drainage should be made on the basis of the presumed site and cause of obstruction as well as local expertise. The nature of the biliary obstruction may be the most important determinant of outcome. At present, patients with end-stage malignant obstruction account for most of the deaths, whereas approximately 95% of patients survive an episode of cholangitis.
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PMID:Acute cholangitis. 224 16

Urease of Helicobacter pylori (formerly Campylobacter pylori) is believed to represent a critical virulence determinant for this species. Ammonia generated by hydrolysis of urea may protect the acid-sensitive bacterium as it colonizes human gastric mucosa. An H. pylori strain, cultured from a gastric biopsy of a patient with complaints of abdominal pain and a history of peptic ulcer disease, was isolated on selective medium and cultured in Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with 4% fetal calf serum. Whole cells were ruptured by French pressure cell lysis, and soluble protein was chromatographed on DEAE-Sepharose, phenyl-Sepharose, Mono-Q, and Superose 6 resins. Purified urease represented 6% of the soluble protein of crude extract, was estimated to have a native molecular size of 550 kilodaltons (kDa), and was composed of two distinct subunits of apparent molecular sizes of 66 and 29.5 kDa. On the basis of subunit size, a 1:1 subunit ratio as measured by scanning densitometry of Coomassie blue-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, and estimated native molecular size, the data are consistent with a stoichiometry of (29.5 kDa-66 kDa)6 for the structure of the native enzyme. Km for urea was estimated at 0.2 mM. By N-terminal analysis, the 29.5-kDa subunit of H. pylori urease was found to share significant amino acid sequence similarity with the smallest of three subunits of the Proteus mirabilis and Morganella morganii ureases, as well as to the amino terminus of the unique jack bean subunit. The 66-kDa subunit also shared up to 80% similarity with the largest of three subunits of P. mirabilis, M. morganii, and Klebsiella aerogenes ureases and to internal sequences (amino acids 271 to 285) of the jack bean urease subunit. Thus, the amino acid sequence is conserved among ureases with one, two, and three distinct subunits, suggesting a common ancestral urease gene. Also, urease subunits of M. morganii and jack bean were specifically recognized by antisera raised against the 66-kDa subunit of H. pylori urease, demonstrating that at least some antigenic determinants were conserved among ureases from different species.
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PMID:Purification and N-terminal analysis of urease from Helicobacter pylori. 231 39

The pattern of illness in 60 consecutive children with homozygous sickle cell disease who attended the Paediatric Emergency Room of a busy Lagos hospital with acute illness was studied prospectively. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 13 years with a peak in the 2nd year. There were twice as many boys as girls. The commonest symptoms were fever, limb or abdominal pain and cough, and the commonest signs were pallor and hepatomegaly. Painful crises occurred in 27, anaemic crises in 11, and a combination of these in 12 children. Infection was detected in 76% of subjects in crises. Infection was found in 82% of all the children and was mainly bacterial. The commonest infections were pneumonia (35%), bacteraemia (32%), tonsillitis/pharyngitis (17%) and osteomyelitis (8%). The predominant bacteria isolated were Klebsiella spp (38%), E. coli (23%), Staph. aureus (23%), Staph. albus (23%) and Pseudomonas spp (23%). Some children had multiple isolates. Bacterial infection was a major cause of morbidity in very young children and merits appropriate control and preventive measures in this age group. The spectrum of bacteria isolated makes it unlikely that the specific anti-pneumococcal measures widely advocated in Europe and America for young children with SCA would be appropriate in Nigeria.
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PMID:Acute illness in Nigerian children with sickle cell anaemia. 244 66

From January 1981 to December 1987, 346 children with urinary tract infections, proved by urine culture, were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital. The ratio of male to female was 3.0 in children below 2 years, and 0.8 in children above 2 years, of age. The urine specimens were collected from suprapubic punctures in 281 cases (81.2%). Fever was the most common clinical manifestation. In children below two years old, other common symptoms and signs were body weight loss or poor gain, feeding problems, diarrhea, irritability, jaundice, and abdominal distension. In older children, urinary frequency, dysuria, enuresis, loin and abdominal pain were frequently found. Hematuria and edema were occasionally noted in all age groups. Microscopic examination of 329 centrifuged urine specimens revealed: 256 cases (77.8%) had more than 5 leukocytes per high power field, 233 cases (70.8%) had more than 10 leukocytes. Three hundred and seventy positive urine cultures were obtained from these patients. E. coli was isolated in 273 cases (73.6%), followed by Klebsiella spp., 34 cases (9.2%); Proteus spp., 27 cases (7.3%); Enterococcus, 21 cases (5.7%); Enterobacter spp., 9 cases (2.4%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 8 cases (2.2%); Citrobacter spp., 7 cases (1.9%); Morganella morganii, 6 cases (1.6%); Acinetobacter spp., 6 cases (1.6%); etc. Candida albicans was isolated from three patients. Two organisms were isolated in 26 cultures; 3 organisms, in 3, and 4 in 1.
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PMID:Urinary tract infections in children. 263 2

Five children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and unusual gastrointestinal disease are described. Two children presented with malnutrition, abdominal distention, and diarrhea. One was found to have moderately severe villus atrophy on jejunal biopsy and was initially thought to have celiac disease. Jejunal biopsy from the second child revealed infiltration of the mucosa with acid-fast bacilli-laden macrophages. A third child suffered recurrent abdominal pain, progressive weight loss, diarrhea, and severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to infection with cytomegalovirus. Pseudomembranous necrotizing jejunitis associated with overgrowth of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the duodenal fluid occurred in one patient. The fifth child presented in the newborn period with Serratia marcescens cholecystitis. Gastrointestinal disease in children with AIDS may be due to idiopathic villus atrophy and bacterial or opportunistic infection.
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PMID:Severe gastrointestinal involvement in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 343 Feb 58

Ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was given to fifty patients (29 females and 21 males) aged 25 to 86 years with urinary tract infection or prostatitis. Urinary tract infections usually chronic and associated with urologic anomalies, included 17 cases of cystitis and 19 cases of pyelonephritis. 14 patients had prostatitis. Pathogens recovered from the urine were 26 E. coli, 2 Citrobacter, 4 Proteus mirabilis, 2 Klebsiella, 2 Enterobacter, 3 Serratia, 3 Staphylococcus aureus and 11 Pseudomonas. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ofloxacin ranged from 0.03 to 0.12 microgram/ml (mean MIC: 0.6 microgram/ml) for 27 nalidixic acid-sensitive strains, and from 0.25 to 4 micrograms/ml (mean MIC: 1 microgram/ml) for 26 nalidixic acid-resistant strains. Ofloxacin was given as single drug therapy in all patients, in a daily dosage of 200 mg b.i.d. in 46 patients and 400 mg b.i.d. in 4 patients, for 7 to 97 days (average 40 days). Follow-up after discontinuation of treatment was 3 to 12 months. Therapeutic results were as follows: 17 cures for the 17 cystitis patients, 17 cures and 2 failures by relapse for the 19 cases of pyelonephritis, and 11 cures, 1 failure by persistence of bacteriuria and failure by relapse for the 14 cases of prostatitis. Digestive disorders, i.e. nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, occurred in 6 patients and required withdrawal of the drug in 1; candidiasis of the tongue was recorded in one patient and digestive complaints with neuropsychic disorders in another. Two patients had short-lived, moderate leukopenia with granulopenia and one had transient worsening of preexisting renal failure. Hepatic tolerance was good.
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PMID:[Ofloxacin (RU 43280): clinical evaluation in urinary and prostatic infections]. 353 29


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