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 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper focuses on recent developments in the areas of mode of action and clinical efficacy of mebendazole use since its introduction in 1974. Mebendazole blocks glucose uptake by adult intestinal-dwelling nematodes and cestodes and their tissue-dwelling larvae. The drug's poor absorption does not appear to affect clinical efficacy except in the treatment of systemic helminth infections. Mebendazole has been found to be ovicidal for the eggs of roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm with the disadvantages of cost and long duration of therapy; it is also considered the best drug for the treatment of trichuriasis. Among its nonapproved uses, it shows promise in the treatment of capillariasis and hydatid disease. Further investigation is needed to establish its role in the treatment of taeniasis, Hymenolepsis nana, Strongyloidiasis, Trichinosis, and Dipetalonema perstans. Side effects such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and dizziness have been reported on rare occasions.
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PMID:Mebendazole. 48 64

At the end of 1988 an outbreak of trichinellosis involving 48 persons occurred in a small town in Central Italy, near the Appennine mountains. The epidemic was caused by the ingestion of sausages recently made with wild boar meat. The people affected were mostly relatives and friends of hunters. Trichinella larvae were found in boar meat sausages and in cats fed with raw leftovers and proved to be Trichinella sp. 3 at biochemical typing. This species of parasite is the most frequently isolated species of Trichinella in Italy and other Southern European countries. Clinically the epidemic has shown a typical, uncomplicated febrile course in most patients, but two patients showed signs of cardiac damage and one intense abdominal pain, suggesting an acute abdomen.
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PMID:Report on an outbreak of trichinellosis in Central Italy. 164 50

In 1988-1989 two outbreaks of trichinosis were recorded. The first case was group disease developed in 3 members of the family. The source of infection was rissoles rolled in cabbage leaves [correction of goloubets] stuffed with minced pork. The second outbreak affected 13 persons who had eaten home-made pork sausage and fat. All the patients displayed fever, weakness, muscular pain, subcutaneous fat edema, predominantly of the face. The patients suffered from dry mouth, thirst, deteriorated appetite, exanthema, eosinophilia, more occasionally, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Trichinosis was confirmed serologically. Vermox therapy (300 mg per day) was performed for 7 to 12 days. The disease was severe, moderate and mild in 5, 7 and 4 patients, respectively. A brief abstract from a case record of a patient with severe trichinosis complicated by allergic myocarditis is presented. The severity of the disease was associated with the infecting dose and the time at which etiotropic therapy was started. Vermox had a good therapeutic effect and caused no adverse events.
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PMID:[The clinical characteristics of 2 outbreaks of trichinelliasis]. 214 73

We report on a series of three patients with an unusual syndrome of eosinophilia and myalgia associated with the oral ingestion of tryptophan that was recognized in New Mexico in October 1989. All three patients, who were women 37 to 44 years of age, had severe muscle pain, muscle weakness, mouth ulcers, and striking eosinophilia (more than 8 X 10(9) cells per liter). Other manifestations included fever, abdominal pain, dyspnea, skin rash, and elevated serum concentrations of aminotransferase and aldolase. The women had been taking tryptophan in doses of 1.2 to 2.4 g a day for three weeks to 2 1/2 years. The discontinuation of tryptophan and the initiation of glucocorticoid treatment resulted in improvement, but all three women were still symptomatic three to five months later. Tests for trichinosis and other parasites and for allergic and connective-tissues disorders were negative, and serum immunoglobulin concentrations and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were normal. A muscle biopsy in one patient and biopsies of the vagina, liver, and other abdominal organs in another revealed eosinophilic infiltration, as well as the extracellular deposition of eosinophil-granule major basic protein. All three patients had elevated serum and urinary levels of this protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, indicative of eosinophil degranulation. The syndrome of eosinophilia and myalgia in association with the ingestion of tryptophan that was seen in these three patients is a newly recognized adverse effect of tryptophan ingestion. Our identification of this association in these patients led to the discovery of an epidemic of what is now called the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.
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PMID:Association of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome with the ingestion of tryptophan. 231 25

After the evaluation of 129 serum samples of persons who had ingested boar sausage infested by Trichinella spiralis, 48 individuals (40 adults and 8 children) with a mean age of 38.8 years were diagnosed of trichinosis. The incubation time was 17 days (range 2 to 44 days). The following clinical features were outstanding: facial and eyelid edema (50%), diffuse limb myalgia (43%), fever (37%), conjunctivitis (25%), headache (16%), and abdominal pain (16%). Remarkably, 33% of the diagnosed patients were asymptomatic. The diagnosis was made by an indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIF), which was considered as positive when the titer was higher than 1/20 after considering seroconversion at the beginning of the disease and after 4-6 weeks. Among laboratory abnormalities there was leukocytosis in 15 patients and eosinophilia in 37. The GOT, GPT and CPK enzymes were only slightly increased in a small proportion of patients (8, 10, and 31%, respectively). Forty patients were treated with thiabendazole, associated or not to corticosteroids, which was well tolerated. Eight patients were not treated. One year after the diagnosis a new laboratory control was undertaken in 43 patients (all asymptomatic). Eosinophilia was still present in 12, and the titers against Trichinella were high in all. However, the percentage of the titer was smaller than at the beginning of the outbreak.
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PMID:[Trichinosis: new epidemic outbreak caused by the ingestion of wild-boar sausage]. 249 Aug 58

A case of endometrial trichinosis is reported; the patient lived rear Cd. Delicias, Chih., an endemic area for trichinosis. A 38 years old obese, diabetic woman, with high blood pressure, used to eat frequently pork meat and its products; she presented with abnormal genital bleeding, abdominal pain, and pelvic congestion. Histerectomy was performed. Pathological study of the uterus showed Trichinella spiralis larvae with microcalcifications, and lymphocytic infiltration in basal endometrium. As far as we know endometrial trichinosis has not been previously described.
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PMID:[Chronic endometriosis caused by Trichinella spiralis. Report of a case]. 774 89

Four outbreaks of human trichinellosis caused by eating pork together had occurred successively in two rural areas and two cities of Henan Province, where the disease is endemic. Of the 110 persons involved, 54 had the onset. All of them had the history of eating pork. In the outbreak of Dengzhou, in those persons who dined together, men were all uninfected and 13 women were infected. The difference found between sexes was suggested to be related with spirit drinking. In these 54 patients, the latent period ranged from 3 to 28 days. The relevant clinical symptoms and signs were fever, edema, myalgia, rash, headache, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Vomiting was uncommon. Most patients were hospitalized and all cases recovered in two weeks after proper treatment with albendazole.
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PMID:Four outbreaks of human trichinellosis in Henan Province. 858 84

91 patients with trichinosis were treated at the Clinic of Infectious and Dermatovenereology Diseases in Novi Sad during a one-year period. In 64% of patients the onset was intestinal, while in 36% it was invasive. Diarrhea (in 28.89%) and abdominal pain (in 22.22%) are the most common symptoms of the intestinal stage. Nausea, vomiting and opstipation are less common. The main symptoms of the invasive stage are myalgia (65.54%), high temperature and eyelid edema (57.78%). Facial edema (38.89%), general weakness (24.44%), conjunctivitis (15.56%) and rash (8.89%) are somewhat less common. Heavy sweating, headache, nervousness, psychic instability and fast forgetting occur in a small number of treated patients. Myocarditis and encephalitis occurred in 3.33% of patients. There were 43.33% of patients with mild clinical picture, 40% with mild-to-severe and 16.66% with severe clinical picture. 54.44% of patients were males and 45.56% were females, and it can be said that sex did not influence the severeness of the clinical picture. The youngest patient was 5 years of age, the oldest 72. Most patients were 21-50 years of age but we did not establish statistical importance between clinical picture severeness in regard to age. The shortest period of incubation was 5 days, the longest 40 days. Average incubation period was 18.05 days (x = 18.05). Studying period of incubation and severeness of the clinical picture we established the following (x2 = 28.535). The shorter the incubation period, the severer the disease.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of trichinosis]. 901 31

The clinical diagnosis of trichinellosis is difficult because there are no pathogenic signs or symptoms and in diagnosing the infection epidemiological data are of great importance. Trichinellosis usually begins with a sensation of general discomfort and headache, increasing fever, chills and sometimes diarrhoea and/or abdominal pain. Pyrexia, eyelid or facial oedema and myalgia represent the principal syndrome of the acute stage, which can be complicated by myocarditis, thromboembolic disease and encephalitis. High eosinophilia and increased creatine phosphokinase activity are the most frequently observed laboratory features and the parasitological examination of a muscle biopsy and the detection of specific circulating antibodies will confirm the diagnosis. The medical treatment includes anthelmintics (mebendazole or albendazole) and glucocorticosteroids. Mebendazole is usually administered at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg but higher doses (up to 20 - 25 mg/kg/day) are recommended in some countries. Albendazole is used at 800 mg/day (15 mg/kg/day) administered in two doses. These drugs should be taken for 10 - 15 days. The use of mebendazole or albendazole is contraindicated during pregnancy and not recommended in children aged < 2 years. The most commonly used steroid is prednisolone, which may alleviate the general symptoms of the disease. It is administered at a dose of 30 - 60 mg/day for 10 - 15 days.
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PMID:Opinion on the diagnosis and treatment of human trichinellosis. 1215 Jun 91

We describe reference to a family from Bosnia that the diagnosis of Trichinellosis can be difficult despite notice of travel-history and eosinophilia but lack of further epidemiological datas and due to the rarity of this zoonosis. Clinical pattern of trichinellosis are fever, headache, myalgia, periorbital oedema, less frequently diarrhea and abdominal pain. Dreaded complications are myocarditis and encephalitis. High eosinophilia and increased creatine phosphocinase activity are the most frequently observed laboratory features. The detection of specific circulating antibodies or the parasitological examination of a muscle biopsy will confirm the diagnosis. The medical treatment includes albendazol and steroid.
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PMID:[Eosinophilia in a family from Bosnia]. 1472 77


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