Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using a fluorescein labelled monoclonal antibody ("Micro Trak") to identify chlamydia elementary bodies in endocervical smears, we detected Chlamydia trachomatis in 31 (21%) of 150 cases of classic pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) and in 42 (18%) of 232 cases of abdominal pain not diagnosed as PID. Only 43 (59%) of the women yielding chlamydiae would have received treatment in the absence of a diagnostic service for chlamydial infection. Evidence of chlamydial infection should be sought in all women presenting to a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic with abdominal pain.
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PMID:The Micro Trak test for rapid detection of chlamydiae in diagnosing and managing women with abdominal pain. 394 46

Among women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Nairobi with vaginal discharge, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were isolated from the cervix in 32 (26%) of 122 and four (7%) of 58 women respectively. Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Mycoplasma spp were diagnosed in 42 of 122 (34%), 26 of 110 (24%), 75 of 100 (75%), and 42 of 89 (47%) women respectively. Mixed infections with at least two pathogens were found in 23 (26%) of 89 women examined for all microorganisms. Infection with N gonorrhoeae was significantly associated with abdominal pain.
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PMID:Microbiology of vaginal discharge in Nairobi, Kenya. 640 73

Acute salpingitis is an important complication of sexually transmitted disease in young women and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in all young women. Many organisms, in addition to N. gonorrhoeae, have been associated with this tubal infection giving support to polymicrobial etiology. However, the exact pathophysiologic role of these organisms needs to be clearly defined. The microbiology of acute salpingitis, through direct culture from the site of infection, the fallopian tubes, needs to be clearly elucidated. Early recognition and treatment of acute salpingitis is essential in preventing the major long-term problem, involuntary infertility. Curran has estimated the reproductive outcome for a cohort of adolescent women reaching reproductive age in 1970. By the year 2000, there will have been one episode of salpingitis for every two women; 15% will be hospitalized for salpingitis with over half of these women requiring major gynecologic surgery; 10% will be rendered nonsurgically sterile; and 3% will have experienced an ectopic pregnancy. Adolescent females may be more susceptible to upper genital tract infection than older women due to possible unique biologic characteristics and sexual behaviors. Prospective microbiologically controlled studies of women with salpingitis using laparoscopy need to be developed to evaluate treatment regimens. Until such studies are undertaken, diagnosis, treatment, and fertility in women with acute salpingitis will remain unsatisfactory.
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PMID:Acute salpingitis in the adolescent female. 703 72

Among 830 women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted disease, Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 180 (22%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae from 84 (10%). Retrospective analysis showed that 43 of the women were given outpatient treatment for acute pelvic inflammatory disease because they had low abdominal pain, deep dyspareunia, or unusual vaginal bleeding, or all of these, for less than 2 months in association with cervical motion or adnexal tenderness, or both. None had adnexal masses. C. trachomatis was isolated from 22 and N. gonorrhoeae from 15 of this subgroup of 43 women. This presentation of pelvic inflammatory disease occurred in 10 of the 37 women in the whole study with both C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, 12 of 143 women with C. trachomatis alone, five of 47 women with N. gonorrhoeae alone, and 16 of 603 women with neither organism. Thus, in North America, C. trachomatis is associated with a syndrome usually diagnosed as mild pelvic inflammatory disease and managed on an outpatient basis.
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PMID:Acute pelvic inflammatory disease in outpatients: association with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 730 45

Eighty-one women who presented to a genitourinary medicine clinic with mild to moderate acute or chronic abdominal pain were studied in order to compare the clinical features of those who had pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and those who did not. The diagnosis was made by laparoscopy, and PID was detected in 14%, adhesions in 11% and endometriosis in 16%. Women with PID were clinically indistinguishable from women with other diagnoses or no obvious cause.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Abdominal pain in women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic: who has PID? 781 51

We studied the current management of STD-related syndromes by urban health facilities in Pikine (Senegal) in 252 consecutive patients presenting with STD-related complaints, to assess the cost and effectiveness of services and to estimate the potential benefit by introducing management protocols. Most common presenting complaints for women were vaginal discharge and low abdominal pain, reported for 122 (82.9%) and 22 (15.0%) of 147 female patients. Urethral discharge and genital ulceration were reported for 80 (76.2%) and for 17 (16.2%) of 105 male patients. The average cost was 4.01 ECU (1 European Currency Unit = 1.2 US$ = 334 Franc CFA) for male patients (ranging from 0.57 to 25.70 ECU) and 12.75 ECU for female patients (ranging from 0.57 to 37.60 ECU). Only 20 of 80 patients with urethral discharge (25%) received effective treatment. Effectiveness was not related to cost of therapy or qualification of staff. Utilization of management protocols improves the quality and accessibility of care for STD, by potentially doubling effectiveness and reducing the costs for patients to 12% of the current level.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Management of STDs and cost of treatment in primary health care centres in Pikine, Senegal. 794 56

Gastric syphilis had become an uncommon disease, with only 24 cases reported in the English-language literature over the last two decades. However, it may be becoming more frequent. During the last 4 years, seven patients with gastric syphilis have been diagnosed at our institution. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting with signs of syphilis present in five patients (71%). After radiographic and/or endoscopic evaluation, the initial diagnosis was considered to be cancer in four patients and nonspecific gastritis in three. The syphilis diagnosis was established by identification of spirochetes on mucosal biopsy in six patients. Although these cases appear typical for gastric syphilis, the diagnosis was usually not considered at first. However, gastric syphilis should be considered in patients at risk for sexually transmitted disease who complain of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and in whom unusual gastric lesions or presumed peptic ulcers resistant to standard therapy are found.
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PMID:Gastric syphilis. Report of seven cases and review of the literature. 811 84

WHO estimates 250 million new cases worldwide of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) each year. STDs of growing concern are chlamydial infections responsible for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and pneumonia and ophthalmia in newborns, and incurable viral infections, including Herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis B virus, and HIV infection. HPV types 16 and 18 are associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, one of the most serious complication of STDs. PID is another serious STD complication because it tends to recur and causes chronic abdominal pain, eventually resulting in hysterectomy, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic backache. STDs adversely affect pregnancy, often leading to ectopic pregnancy, stillbirth, prematurity, congenital and perinatal infections, and puerperal maternal infections. Genital ulcer diseases, e.g., chancroid, facilitate HIV transmission. HIV infection boosts the virulence of STD pathogens, e.g., Herpes simplex virus. Many people with STDs are asymptomatic and the clinical profile of STDs is always in flux, thus resulting in less than optimal case detection. Obstacles of STD treatment include antibiotic resistance of betalactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoea strains and the immunocompromising effect of HIV infections. Tourists are responsible for introducing HIV infection into many countries. Some countries (e.g., Saudi Arabia) require a negative HIV test before foreigners can work in those countries. Health resources are not keeping up with the spread of STDs and HIV. Governments should embark on health education campaigns to stem the spread of HIV. They should also integrate AIDS prevention with the control of other STDs.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases in the age of AIDS. 847 83

In England, health providers conducted a prospective study of 150 consecutive women 14-43 years old who sought emergency hormonal contraception (EHC) (50 mcg ethinyl estradiol + 500 mcg norgestrel) at the genitourinary medicine clinic of The Royal London Hospital in the Whitechapel section of London. 50% had also used EHC in the past. 23% had experienced at least 1 induced abortion. The reasons for EHC use were contraceptive failure for 100 (66%) women, unprotected sexual intercourse for 48 (32%) women, and rape for 2 women. 93% of the women reporting contraceptive failure were using a condom during the index sexual intercourse. The remaining women recognized the possibility of failure of their oral contraceptives (e.g., concurrent use of an antibiotic and forgotten pill). 50 (33%) and 21 (14%) women returned to the clinic for follow-up within 1 month and 1-3 months of initial presentation, respectively. Nine of these women had attended the family planning advisory clinic. 3.3% of the 71 women who returned to the clinic were pregnant. 22 (31%) of the women who returned to the clinic reported side effects (10 nausea and vomiting, 9 nausea, 5 abdominal pain, 1 breast tenderness, and 1 a panic attack). More than 31% of returning women reported an abnormal period after using EHC. 51% of returning women said that their preferred future method of contraception would be condoms. 10% either had not yet decided to use contraception or were planning to become pregnant. Clinic staff screened only 13% of all 150 women for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) within 1 month of unprotected intercourse. None of them had an STD. Six of the 150 women returned for a second EHC prescription within 3 months. These findings indicate the need for clinicians to address future contraceptive plans at the time of EHC prescription, since most women did not return for follow-up or family planning advice. They should also screen for STDs during this initial contact considering the high rate of unprotected intercourse.
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PMID:Emergency hormonal contraception usage in genitourinary medicine clinic attenders. 870 28

Between October 1991 and October 1993, 17 AIDS patients (14 intravenous drug users, 3 sexually acquired) were commenced on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding in St James's Hospital. Indications were progressive weight loss related to severe anorexia, persistent oesophageal candidiasis (5) and absence of gag reflex (1). Two patients requested PEG tube removal after one week because of crampy abdominal pain without peritonitis. Five patients died from AIDS related infections within 6 weeks of PEG insertion. Ten patients were followed up for > 2 months (mean 5.2 months, range 2.5-15.5 months). In these 10 patients, 1 patient developed a PEG site infection which responded to topical antibiotics. There were no other complications. There was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in energy and protein intake at 2 months. Variant degrees of weight gain occurred in all patients (mean 2.6 kg) (P < 0.01). Small but significant increases in other anthropometric variables occurred. Patients who died within 6 weeks of PEG insertion were older, and had a lower serum albumin than the group who survived > 2 months (P < 0.01). A self-administered questionnaire demonstrated that the majority of patients found PEG feeding acceptable and preferable to nasogastric (NG) feeding.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:An evaluation of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in AIDS. 873 34


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