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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty-five patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were treated at Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital between April 1984 and June 1987. Sixty per cent of patients suffered gastrointestinal symptoms during the period of study, and in a further 15% of patients, abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract were found incidentally. The principal manifestations were oropharyngeal ulceration, dysphagia/odynophagia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding, and perianal lesions. Opportunistic diseases involving all parts of the gastrointestinal system were encountered, the most prevalent being infections that were caused by Candida spp., cytomegalovirus, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and herpes simplex, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Abnormal liver-function test-results were found in 41 patients; most commonly, these were attributable to minor drug reactions, and cytomegalovirus or Myco. avium-intracellulare infection. Only one patient became jaundiced clinically. We conclude that involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is common in patients with AIDS, and that gastrointestinal lesions are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients.
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PMID:The gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 271 83

This report documents a case of peritonitis due to Mycobacterium gastri in a 28 year old woman on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. She presented with persistent abdominal pain and clear peritoneal drainage fluid which contained increased numbers of lymphocytes. The diagnosis was made by identification of acid-fast bacilli in peritoneal fluid and within a peritoneal biopsy specimen, and culture of Mycobacterium gastri from peritoneal fluid. Treatment with rifampicin and ethambutol and removal of the Tenckhoff catheter has proved effective. The case highlights the importance of searching for slow growing organisms in apparently 'aseptic' peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.
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PMID:Mycobacterium gastri peritonitis in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 346 76

A 40-year-old bisexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. At sigmoidoscopy, the mucosa of the rectum and sigmoid colon was edematous, erythematous, and friable, with multiple linear and oval erosions. Histologic examination of rectal biopsies demonstrated innumerable acid-fast bacilli free and within macrophages of the lamina propria. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was cultured from the rectal biopsy specimens. Pulmonary tissue and bone marrow cultures also demonstrated this organism. Therapy with several antimycobacterial agents resulted in improvement of symptoms. Among immunocompromised patients the spectrum of enteric pathogens causing colitis should be expanded to include Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, a potentially treatable organism.
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PMID:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-associated colitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 672 13

Mycobacterium genavense is a recently defined fastidious organism that has been identified as a cause of disseminated infection in patients with AIDS. We report the cases of two patients who had advanced AIDS and a clinical syndrome of fever, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. In addition, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy were prominent in both cases, and in one patient's case radiographic findings were suggestive of splenic abscesses. Mycobacteria isolated from specimens of blood and bone marrow grew in liquid media but not on solid media. The results of DNA probe tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex were false-positive for both patients. After treatment of the broth cultures to lyse red blood cells, the results of DNA probe tests were negative for these pathogens. Amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA with use of the polymerase chain reaction indicated that the mycobacterial isolates from both patients had sequences identical to those previously reported for M. genavense. One patient survived 5 months after diagnosis, the other 2 months after diagnosis; only one patient responded (transiently) to antimycobacterial chemotherapy.
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PMID:Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection in two patients with AIDS. 751 19

The pattern of tuberculosis has changed and in recent years: extrapulmonary tuberculosis has become more common, especially in immuno-compromised individuals. A case of primary intestinal tuberculosis in a patient with kidney transplant is reported. The patient presented with persistent fever and right-sided abdominal pain. Histopathology of colonic tissue showed granulomatous inflammation containing acid fast bacilli, and culture of the tissue grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clinical improvement occurred after institution of appropriate anti-tubercular treatment.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal tuberculosis in renal transplantation: a case report and review. 757 45

The prevention of cerebral toxoplasmosis and of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an essential objective in the management of patients infected with HIV. Given that roxithromycin is active in vitro against Toxoplasma gondii and that in 1989 Dolermann reported the effective treatment of P. carinii respiratory infections with erythromycin, a randomized pilot study was undertaken in 52 patients infected with HIV. Patients were treated with either: a monthly dose of pentamidine aerosol (300 mg); roxithromycin once a week (300 mg t.i.d.); or a combination of pentamidine aerosol and roxithromycin. Intention to treat analysis was applied to these 52 patients, all of whom received at least one treatment dose. Five out of 18 patients treated with pentamidine aerosol, 1/17 patients treated with pentamidine aerosol + roxithromycin and none of the 17 patients treated with roxithromycin developed cerebral toxoplasmosis (p = 0.038). P. carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in one patient in the pentamidine aerosol-treated group, in one patient treated with roxithromycin and in none of the patients treated with pentamidine aerosol + roxithromycin (non-significant difference). Four cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection were seen in the pentamidine aerosol-treated group (p = 0.028) and none in the roxithromycin groups. Adverse events leading to the discontinuation of treatment occurred in 5/34 (14.7%) patients treated with roxithromycin. Nausea, abdominal pain and raised transaminases occurred in four patients and a skin allergy in the final patient. Roxithromycin appears to be effective in the prevention of pulmonary pneumocystis infection and of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. However, these results require confirmation in a larger study.
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PMID:Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and of cerebral toxoplasmosis by roxithromycin in HIV-infected patients. 778 14

A 22-year-old Pakistani man presented with a 1-year history of recurrent attacks of pancreatitis of unknown etiology that had required hospitalization and extensive investigation in Pakistan. He was admitted with abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss. An ultrasound and computed tomographic scan of the abdomen revealed abdominal lymphadenopathy, bulky and inhomogeneous pancreas, and a large fluid collection anterior to the right lobe of the liver. The collection was aspirated but Gram-stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid-fast bacilli, and DNA analysis by a highly specific polymerase chain reaction-based assay were negative. Because of a strong clinical suspicion of tuberculosis, the patient was started on antituberculous chemotherapy; 4 weeks later the aspirate grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis (hominis). The patient improved rapidly and has remained well after 18 months follow-up. A high index of clinical suspicion and appropriate microbiological investigation is required for the diagnosis of this rare, but potentially curable cause of pancreatitis.
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PMID:Tuberculous pancreatitis: a diagnostic problem. Case report and review of literature. 779 34

The authors explain the clinical and anatomical features of retroperitoneal abscesses, which occur less commonly than peritoneal infections. Retroperitoneal abscesses arise chiefly from injuries in adjacent structures, but they may be primary when caused by hematogenous bacterial spread. The pyogenic bacteria have replaced Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the major causative organism. Retroperitoneal abscesses may be symptomless, but fever and abdominal pain are prominent features. The differential diagnosis includes retroperitoneal tumors and hematomas. These lesions are best delimited by CT scanning which localizes them accurately. The treatment consists in a prompt and adequate drainage and systemic antibiotics therapy. Drainage by catheter, however, has a lower success rate than the surgical approach. The surgical mortality rate is about 25%.
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PMID:[Retroperitoneal abscesses: clinical and therapeutical aspects]. 802 24

There are increasing challenges for the practising gastroenterologist in treating AIDS-related gastrointestinal diseases. The differential diagnoses of dysphagia and odynophagia include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, non-specific aphthous ulceration and non-AIDS oesophageal diseases, especially reflux oesophagitis. Chronic subacute abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, early satiety and weight loss is suggestive of an obstructive lesion caused by lymphoma or Kaposi's sarcoma. Severe acute abdominal pain can indicate pancreatitis or intestinal perforation due to cytomegalovirus. Right upper quadrant pain (with or without fever, vomiting or abnormal liver function tests with a cholestatic profile) is suggestive of hepatobiliary pathology including cholecystitis, cholangitis, acalculous cholecystitis and AIDS cholangiopathy. Diarrhoea is the most common gastrointestinal symptom of AIDS, affecting 50-90% of patients. Causes of AIDS diarrhoea include protozoa (Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Septata intestinalis, Cyclospora spp, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia), bacteria (Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter jejuni), and viruses (CMV, HSV and possibly HIV). Chronic diarrhoea, malnutrition and weight loss can shorten the life-span of patients with AIDS. Elemental diets, isotonic formulas, medium chain triglycerides and total parenteral nutrition have been tried with little success in AIDS patients with severe diarrhoea and wasting.
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PMID:AIDS and the gut. 805 32

Vague upper abdominal pain, weight loss (10 kg) and recurrent bouts of fever had been present for several months in a 77-year-old woman. Abdominal ultrasonography in the region of the head of the pancreas and duodenum had demonstrated several lymphomas, some of them with "air streaking". This finding suggested penetration from the duodenum to neighbouring lymph nodes. Plain film of the abdomen did not show free air, but at gastroscopy a covered perforation into the surrounding lymph nodes was found. At first lymphoma or Crohn's disease were considered in the differential diagnosis. But the finding of acid-fast bacteria in a biopsy from the pelvic crest suggested intestinal tuberculosis with dissemination. This diagnosis was confirmed by the direct demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in gastric juice. Under tuberculostatic treatment with daily 0.3 g isoniazid, 0.45 g rifampicin, 0.8 ethambutol and 1.5 g pyrazinamide, as well as 50 mg prednisolone to prevent stricture, the size of the tuberculous ulcer had markedly decreased within 2 weeks. Follow-up gastroscopy after 6 months showed almost complete healing without stricture. However rare, gastrointestinal tuberculosis should not be forgotten in the differential diagnosis because it can imitate a large variety of gastrointestinal diseases.
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PMID:[Duodenal tuberculosis. A rare cause of a covered perforation in the duodenal bulb]. 831 42


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