Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Congenital cervico-vaginal atresia is a rare malformation; the presence of a functioning endometrium combined with this anomaly causes a retrograde menstruation and then a greater likelihood of endometriosis. Up to the present literature relates only thirteen cases in which congenital cervico-vaginal atresia was combined with a functioning endometrium. Primary amenorrhea and cyclic, cramping lower abdominal pain was the common symptoms of all the patients. In this work we report a new case of such pathology in a 23 old woman affected also by harmonic nanism. After the review of the literature the embryologic mechanisms involved in lower Mullerian tract malformations, the surgical treatment and the mechanism of formation of endometriosis in association with an outflow tract obstruction are discussed.
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PMID:[Congenital cervico-vaginal atresia and pelvic endometriosis. Clinical case and review of the literature]. 162 41

Endometriosis is a chronic, benign gynaecological disorder that is frequent in women of a child-bearing age. It is estimated that there is some degree of endometriosis in as many as 15% of pre-menopausal women, associated with a history of infertility, caesarean antecedents, dysmenorrhoea and abnormality in uterine bleeding. It is believed to be due to the rise of menstrual contents through the Fallopian tubes (retrograde menstruation). In the intestinal affectation, the colon is the segment most frequently affected, above all at the rectosigmoidal level. The clinical features are unspecific, with abdominal pain the most frequent and/or pelvic pain of a cholic type that coincides with, or is exacerbated by, menstruation. Differential diagnosis includes intestinal inflammatory disease, diverticulitis, ischemic colitis and neoplastic processes, with the definitive diagnosis being anatomopathological. With respect to treatment, this will depend on the clinical features and the age of the patient, as well as her wishes with regard to pregnancy.
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PMID:[Intestinal endometriosis]. 1895 67

In the present case, ultrasound examination ruled out the presence of hematosalpinx or other gynecological tumors. This was of great importance to the surgical intervention, especially for avoiding laparotomy. Dilatation of the vagina and uterus, due to imperforate hymen with retrograde menstruation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in premenarchal girls (Fig. 2, Ref. 15). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
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PMID:Imperforate hymen with hematocolpometra combined with elevated Ca125. 1940 46

Among various long-term complications after previous myomectomy, increasing risk of uterine rupture or dehiscence during pregnancy, and in particular during labor, has been widely recognized. In contrast, the world literature includes no case report of spontaneous uterine perforation or rupture after myomectomy in a nonpregnant woman, and only 1 case of iatrogenic uterine perforation after uterine artery embolization has been reported. Recently, we encountered an extremely rare case of spontaneous uterine perforation after previous myomectomy accompanied by a bizarre tumor resembling polypoid endometriosis, which was successfully treated via laparoscopic surgery. The patient reported genital bleeding and lower abdominal pain. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative findings clearly demonstrated the presence of a uterine wall defect and a multicystic tumor that had developed from the perforated portion of the uterus. The patient underwent successful laparoscopic surgery for repair of the perforated uterus and resection of the tumor. The clinicopathologic diagnosis of the tumor was tentatively confirmed as an endometriosis-like lesion resembling polypoid endometriosis. We speculate that the cause of the tumor was retrograde menstruation, as in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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PMID:Laparoscopic repair of a post-myomectomy spontaneous uterine perforation accompanied by a bizarre tumor resembling polypoid endometriosis. 2418 81

Retrograde menstruation is the backward movement of menstrual fluids. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The converse current itself is benign, but the result can be abdominal pain caused by peritoneal irritation and, eventually, endometriosis. The case was of a 25-year-old woman with lower abdominal pain accompanied by significant hemoperitoneum. Physical examination and inspection using abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography failed to reveal a differential diagnosis. Detailed history taking revealed sexual activities during her menstrual period, which allowed for a diagnosis of retrograde menstruation. These findings emphasize the importance of extensive history taking.
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PMID:A healthy young woman with massive hemorrhagic ascites. 2600 84

Endometriosis is a gynecologic disease characterized by the ectopic presence of endometrial tissue on organs within the peritoneal cavity, causing debilitating abdominal pain and infertility. Current treatments alleviate moderate pain symptoms associated with the disorder but exhibit limited ability to prevent new or recurring lesion establishment and growth. Retrograde menstruation has been implicated for introducing endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity, but molecular mechanisms underlying attachment and invasion are not fully understood. We hypothesize that cysteine cathepsins, a group of powerful extracellular matrix proteases, facilitate endometrial tissue invasion and endometriosis lesion establishment in the peritoneal wall and inhibiting this activity would decrease endometriosis lesion implantation. To test this, we used an immunocompetent endometriosis mouse model and found that endometriotic lesions exhibited a greater than 5-fold increase in active cathepsins compared to tissue from peritoneal wall or eutopic endometrium, with cathepsins L and K specifically implicated. Human endometriosis lesions also exhibited greater cathepsin activity than adjacent peritoneum tissue, supporting the mouse results. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that inhibiting cathepsin activity could block endometriosis lesion attachment and implantation in vivo. Intraperitoneal injection of the broad cysteine cathepsin inhibitor, E-64, significantly reduced the number of attached endometriosis lesions in our murine model compared to vehicle-treated controls demonstrating that cathepsin proteases contribute to endometriosis lesion establishment, and their inhibition may provide a novel, nonhormonal therapy for endometriosis.
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PMID:Cathepsin Protease Inhibition Reduces Endometriosis Lesion Establishment. 2648 7

Hematometrocolpos is a rare congenital abnormality of the female urogenital system that leads to an imperforate hymen and subsequent retrograde menstruation. We present the case of a 14-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency department with amenorrhea and abdominal pain, and was found to have an imperforate hymen and hematometrocolpos on trans-abdominal point-of-care ultrasound. It is important for emergency physicians to consider this diagnosis in pubescent female patients presenting with abdominal pain, as missed diagnosis can lead to infertility and other complications.
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PMID:Hematometrocolpos in a Pubescent Girl with Abdominal Pain. 2984 12

Imperforate hymen is the most frequent cause of haematocolpos, although it is a rare malformation (1:2000). We present two cases of young girls with cyclic abdominal pain and urinary symptoms. At gynaecological examination, they all presented imperforate hymen and ultrasound revealed significant vaginal distension. X-shaped hymenectomy was performed in all patients. The later the diagnosis of imperforate hymen, the higher the risk of complications like haematometra, haematosalpinx, haemoperitoneum and infections such as tubo-ovarian abscesses, peritonitis and endometriosis (retrograde menstruation theory).
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PMID:Pelvic pain in young girls: not only dysmenorrhoea! 3041 44

Endometriosis, a disease in which endometrial tissue proliferates outside the uterus, is a progressive disease that affects women in reproductive age. It causes abdominal pain and infertility that severely affects the quality of life in young women. The mechanism of the onset and development of endometriosis has not been fully elucidated because of the complex mechanism involved in the disease. Nonhuman primates have been used to study the pathogenesis of spontaneous endometriosis because of their gynecological and anatomical similarities to humans. To reveal the natural history of endometriosis in cynomolgus monkeys, we selected 11 female cynomolgus monkeys with spontaneous endometriosis and performed monthly laparoscopies, mapping endometriotic lesions and adhesions up to two years. At the initial laparoscopy, endometriotic lesions were exclusively found in the vesicouterine pouch in 45.4% (5/11) of the monkeys and spread to the Douglas' pouch over time. Appearance of small de novo lesions and disappearance of some of the small lesions were observed in 100% (11/11) and 18.2% (2/11) of the monkeys, respectively. Endometriosis developed in all monkeys, and the speed of progression varied greatly among individuals that could be attributed to the degree or frequency of retrograde menstruation and genetic factors; these findings support the similarities between humans and monkeys, thus verifying the value of this nonhuman primate model. Finding reliable quantification markers and unravelling the underlying factors in correlation with the spatiotemporal development of the disease using a nonhuman primate model would be useful for the better management of endometriosis in humans.
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PMID:The Natural History of Spontaneously Occurred Endometriosis in Cynomolgus Monkeys by Monthly Follow-Up Laparoscopy for Two Years. 3271 79