Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Food intolerance is an adverse reaction to a particular food or ingredient that may or may not be related to the immune system. A deficiency in digestive enzymes can also cause some types of food intolerances like lactose and gluten intolerance. Food intolerances may cause unpleasant symptoms, including nausea, bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, which usually begin about half an hour after eating or drinking the food in question, but sometimes symptoms may delayed up to 48 h. There is also a strong genetic pattern to food intolerances. Intolerance reactions to food chemicals are mostly dose-related, but also some people are more sensitive than others. Diagnosis can include elimination and challenge testing. Food intolerance can be managed simply by avoiding the particular food from entering the diet. Babies or younger children with lactose intolerance can be given soy milk or hypoallergenic milk formula instead of cow's milk. Adults may be able to tolerate small amounts of troublesome foods, so may need to experiment. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is defined as isolated eosinophilic infiltration in patients with reflux-like symptoms and normal pH studies and whose symptoms are refractory to acid-inhibition therapy. Food allergy, abnormal immunologic response, and autoimmune mechanisms are suggested as possible etiological factors for EE. This article is intended to review the current literature and to present a practical approach for managing food intolerances and EE in childhood.
 ...
PMID:Food intolerances and eosinophilic esophagitis in childhood. 1859 78

Symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea are often associated with the ingestion of lactose, fructose or gluten containing nutrients. The prevalence of lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption and celiac sprue is quite high. If the symptoms are interpreted in the right way, the diagnosis and the treatment are easy. The ingestion of lactose or fructose containing food leads only to unpleasant symptoms, but in gluten sensitive patients an inflammation and destruction of the small intestinal mucosa develops. The consequences are an impaired absorption of macro- and micronutrients with their specific symptoms. The patients with lactose intolerance and fructose malabsorption can avoid the symptoms if they stick to a low lactose or fructose containing diet. On the other hand, patients with celiac sprue need a life-long gluten-free diet to heal the mucosa, to ameliorate the symptoms and to avoid relapses.
 ...
PMID:[The hypersensitive gastrointestinal tract--dietary components with negative effects in the intestine]. 1934 Jul 70

Lactose malabsorption and milk products intolerance symptoms are the most common alimentary tract disorders. Lactose intolerance is a result of lactase deficiency or lack of lactase and lactose malabsorption. Three types of lactase deficiency were distinguished: congenital, late-onset lactase deficiency and secondary lactase deficiency. Lactose intolerance means the appearance of clinical gastrointestinal symptoms after ingestion of lactose. To the clinical symptoms of lactose intolerance belongs: nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, cramps, flatulence, flatus, diarrhea and abdominal pain. The diagnosis of lactose intolerance is based on the breath hydrogen test and analysis of lactase activity in the small intestine mucosa. Dietary treatment eliminates clinical symptoms.
 ...
PMID:[Lactose intolerance: pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment]. 1938 23

In most mammals, lactase activity declines on the intestinal wall after weaning, characterizing primary hypolactasia that provokes symptoms of lactose intolerance. The intensity of symptoms of distention, flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea varies, according to the amount of ingested lactose, and increases with age. Hypolactasia is genetically determined; nonetheless, a mutation occurred that had made a part of mankind tolerate milk in adulthood. Diagnosis is made by a tolerance test, using the lactose challenge. With the discovery made by the Finns of polymorphism associated with lactase persistence, mainly, in Northern Europe, the genetic test was incorporated as a more comfortable diagnostic tool for the intolerant. In Brazil, 43% of Caucasian and Mulatto groups have lactase persistence allele, with hipolactasia more frequently found among Blacks and Japanese. However, in clinical practice people with hypolactasia may be advised to consume certain dairy products and food containing lactose without developing intolerance symptoms, whereas others will need a lactose restriction diet.
 ...
PMID:[Lactose intolerance: changing paradigms due to molecular biology]. 2049 1

Symptoms of lactase deficiency include nausea, abdominal pain, distension, bloating and diarrhea after ingesting foods which contain lactose. Lactose intolerance and bowel motility disorders have similar symptoms, and people with irritable bowel syndrome and unexplained abdominal pain may have lactose intolerance. A definite diagnosis can be made by detecting hydrogen in the breath after a lactose load, by lactase assay from a small bowel biopsy specimen or by lactose intolerance testing. Lactose intolerance is more likely in blacks, Asians and South Americans. If lactose intolerance is present without concomitant bowel motility disorder, the response to a lactose free diet is excellent.
 ...
PMID:Lactose intolerance and the irritable colon. 2128 46

Probiotics are widely used in promoting human health and adjunctive therapy of human disease. Many clinical trials and research studies have shown benefits of probiotics. We review the literature associated with the clinical applications of probiotics in paediatric diseases, including necrotizing enterocolitis, infantile colic, infectious diarrhoea or gastrointestinal infection, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, constipation, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain. We also summarize the representative probiotics that are commonly used in paediatric diseases.
 ...
PMID:Clinical applications of probiotics in gastrointestinal disorders in children. 2178 45

Carbohydrate malabsorption such as in lactose intolerance or enteric infection causes symptoms that include abdominal pain. Because this digestive disorder increases intracolonic osmolarity and acidity by accumulation of undigested carbohydrates and fermented products, we tested whether these two factors (hypertonicity and acidity) would modulate colorectal afferents in association with colorectal nociception and hypersensitivity. In mouse colorectum-pelvic nerve preparations in vitro, afferent activities were monitored after application of acidic hypertonic saline (AHS; pH 6.0, 800 mosM). In other experiments, AHS was instilled intracolonically to mice and behavioral responses to colorectal distension (CRD) measured. Application of AHS in vitro excited 80% of serosal and 42% of mechanically-insensitive colorectal afferents (MIAs), sensitizing a proportion of MIAs to become mechanically sensitive and reversibly inhibiting stretch-sensitive afferents. Acute intracolonic AHS significantly increased expression of the neuronal activation marker pERK in colon sensory neurons and augmented noxious CRD-induced behavioral responses. After three consecutive daily intracolonic AHS treatments, mice were hypersensitive to CRD 4-15 days after the first treatment. In complementary single fiber recordings in vitro, the proportion of serosal class afferents increased at day 4; the proportion of MIAs decreased, and muscular class stretch-sensitive afferents were sensitized at days 11-15 in mice receiving AHS. These results indicate that luminal hypertonicity and acidity, two outcomes of carbohydrate malabsorption, can induce colorectal hypersensitivity to distension by altering the excitability and relative proportions of colorectal afferents, suggesting the potential involvement of these factors in the development of abdominal pain.
 ...
PMID:Luminal hypertonicity and acidity modulate colorectal afferents and induce persistent visceral hypersensitivity. 2285 65

A 72-year-old man with severe lactose intolerance was admitted for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The coronary angiogram revealed occlusion of the distal third of the first diagonal artery and several non-significant lesions. The pre-discharge echocardiogram revealed moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy, rosuvastatin, perindopril and carvedilol, he was repeatedly readmitted in the following days for abdominal pain/bloating, diarrhea and nausea despite avoiding food products containing lactose. To date, there has been no comprehensive study on the relationship between lactose intolerance and coronary disease, nor has its impact on therapeutics been appropriately addressed. Intolerance to lactose-containing prescription medicines is an extremely rare phenomenon and few strategies are available to overcome this condition, as it has received little attention from the scientific community. Commercial forms of the lactase enzyme and probiotics can limit symptom severity, but different routes of administration, different brands of the same medicine or completely different medicines may be necessary. Some measures were proposed to our patient and, soon afterwards, he was completely asymptomatic in both gastrointestinal and cardiovascular terms.
 ...
PMID:Severe lactose intolerance in a patient with coronary artery disease and ischemic cardiomyopathy. 2315 61

This review discusses one of the most relevant problems in gastrointestinal clinical practice: lactose intolerance. The role of lactase-persistence alleles the diagnosis of lactose malabsorption the development of lactose intolerance symptoms and its management. Most people are born with the ability to digest lactose, the major carbohydrate in milk and the main source of nutrition until weaning. Approximately, 75% of the world's population loses this ability at some point, while others can digest lactose into adulthood. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence and diarrhea with a considerable intraindividual and interindividual variability in the severity. Diagnosis is most commonly performed by the non invasive lactose hydrogen breath test. Management of lactose intolerance consists of two possible clinical choice not mutually exclusive: alimentary restriction and drug therapy.
 ...
PMID:Lactose intolerance: from diagnosis to correct management. 2444 63

Lactose intolerance related to primary or secondary lactase deficiency is characterized by abdominal pain and distension, borborygmi, flatus, and diarrhea induced by lactose in dairy products. The biological mechanism and lactose malabsorption is established and several investigations are available, including genetic, endoscopic and physiological tests. Lactose intolerance depends not only on the expression of lactase but also on the dose of lactose, intestinal flora, gastrointestinal motility, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract to the generation of gas and other fermentation products of lactose digestion. Treatment of lactose intolerance can include lactose-reduced diet and enzyme replacement. This is effective if symptoms are only related to dairy products; however, lactose intolerance can be part of a wider intolerance to variably absorbed, fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs). This is present in at least half of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and this group requires not only restriction of lactose intake but also a low FODMAP diet to improve gastrointestinal complaints. The long-term effects of a dairy-free, low FODMAPs diet on nutritional health and the fecal microbiome are not well defined. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the genetic basis, biological mechanism, diagnosis and dietary management of lactose intolerance.
...
PMID:Lactose Intolerance in Adults: Biological Mechanism and Dietary Management. 2639 48


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>