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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Crohn's disease (regional enteritis) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory intestinal disorder of unknown etiology. Most commonly the terminal ileum in involved, a segmentary involvement of the bowel wall is rather characteristic. Main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea and weight loss. Radiological and endoscopic examination confirms the diagnosis, granulomas in the biopsy specimen are pathognomonic. In differential diagnosis ulcerative and ischaemic colitis have to be ruled out. Conservative therapy with prednisolone and salazopyrin is the method of choice, however, complications like small bowel obstruction, toxic megacolon and fistulae ask for surgical intervention.
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PMID:[Morbus Crohn (enteritis regionalis)]. 0 46

Fiberoptic gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on 52 patients between the ages of 2 months and 16 years. The procedures were safely and easily done with premedications consisting of meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine, and atropine, with diazepam given at the time of the procedure. Fiberoptic endoscopy was particularly helpful in localizing the site of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, in retrieving foreign objects, and in removing colonic polyps. In contrast, endoscopy added little to the clinical history and roentgenographic studies in children with recurrent abdominal pain or vomiting, in whom we believe fiberoptic endoscopy is not indicated unless the symptoms or history appear inconsistent with the diagnosis of functional bowel disease.
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PMID:Value of fiberoptic gastrointestinal endoscopy in infants and children. 30 30

In a 2 year period five patients developed pathologically proved ischemic bowel disease (IBD) following either renal transplantation or bilateral nephrectomy in preparations for transplantation. This entity accounted for 42% of all major gastrointestinal complications in this transplant unit. Three patients presented with abdominal pain and ileus, and two patients developed massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. All five patients had nonocclusive ischemic disease because obstruction of a major intestinal vessel could not be documented in any case. Each patient was treated with bowel resection and three of the five patients survived. Although sepsis, shock, and large doses of immunosuppressive drugs have been implicated in predisposing such patients to IBD, these factors were not uniformly present in our cases. Blood volume redistribution with transient episodes of hypotension, especially during postoperative hemodialysis, may be significant. IBD in uremic patients can occur in the presence or absence of renal transplantation and may be the cause of massive intestinal hemorrhage in these individuals.
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PMID:Ischemic bowel disease following bilateral nephrectomy or renal transplant. 33 53

In the great majority of patients treated with radiation, only transitory injury to the bowel occurs, but in five percent of patients, permanent damage to the small bowel or rectum is seen. Symptoms of radiation enteropathy may begin four to six months after the treatment is completed or may not present until several years later. Most often, the patient presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia, and signs of malnutrition. Others may present, initially, with intestinal obstruction, perforation, or fistulization. It is important to differentiate this clinical syndrome from recurrent cancer by appropriate radiological studies and biopsies.This paper presents four patients who were treated with radiation for invasive carcinoma of the cervix and subsequently developed radiation enteritis. All were treated surgically and are surviving.
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PMID:Surgical management of radiation enteritis. 44 53

Casuistically is reported on two patients with an endocrine inactive ileum carcinoid, in whom the anamnesis with 5 weeks or 10 months was very short and atypical. Continuously increasing abdominal pain and gradual formation of a lower ileus of the small intestine or profuse watery diarrhoeas were the leading symptoms. Intraoperatively or autoptically in each case a very small (less than 1.5 cm) ileum carcinoid was found, which had led to a stenosing of high degree, there were no fibroses of the endocardium, no liver metastases--accordingly the secretion of serotonine metabolites (5-HIES) in the urine had been normal. The possibility of a so-called endocrine-nervous enteropathy in the female patient with the diarrhoea symptomatology and the necessity of a rapid diagnostic clarification in suspicion of a tumour in the lower small intestine are discussed, since such a suspicion in most cases corresponds to a carcinoid and thus there exists a great chance of cure.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of the endocrinologically inactive small intestinal carcinoid]. 70 3

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain and/or altered bowel habit in the absence of detectable organic bowel disease. By convention, people with simple constipation are not usually included in this group of patients. IBS is a symptom-complex with many synonyms such as irritable colon, functional bowel disorder, nervous diarrhoea or spastic colon.
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PMID:The recognition and treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. 71 52

Massive intestinal infarction due to occlusion of the celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries occurred in two young women, one of who subsequently died. Both were smokers. They had ingested oral contraceptives for 5 and 8 years, respectively, but this therapy could not be proven to be a causative factor in their ischemic bowel disease; although such an association is uncommon, it should be considered in young women with abdominal pain.
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PMID:Massive intestinal infarction in young women: complication of use of oral contraceptives? 83 18

Patients with functional bowel disease commonly complain of abdominal pain, bloating, and excessive flatulence and eructation. Pain and bloating may be primarily caused by abnormal intestinal motility rather than by excessive intestinal gas. As yet there are no data available that prove excessive flatulence is actually caused by the presence of excessive intestinal gas. A study of the composition of intestinal gas provides insight into whether it is derived from swallowed air or from intraluminal metabolism. Therapy aims primarily at excluding the presence of organic disease as a cause and reassuring the patient that the disorder is functional in nature. Dietary manipulation, changing the habit of aerophagia, exercise, and pressure and heat applied to be abdominal area are all possibilities to be tried.
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PMID:Intestinal gas. 110 99

A 58 year old Chinese male, one week after arriving in Canada from Hong Kong, presented with acute abdominal pain and diarrhoea which was rapidly followed by Escherichia coli infection causing septicaemia and meningitis. His past history revealed bronchial asthma for 15 years treated with steroids. At laparotomy, 7 days after the onset of symptoms, he was found to have extensive haemorrhagic infarction of the small bowel and right colon. Examination of the fibrosed mesenteric vessels revealed numerous filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, within the walls, and in all layers of bowel wall. The role of the parasite in the production of obliterative arteritis in this fatal case of haemorrhagic enteropathy is discussed. Clinical strongyloidiasis, in uncomplicated cases, varies from mild to severe with gastroenteritis, nausea, colicky abdominal pain, electrolyte imbalance and symptoms of malabsorption syndrome (MARCIAL-ROJAS, 1971). In malnourished individuals and patients with debilitating infections, either newly acquired or asymptomatic latent infection with S. stercoralis can assume severe dimensions (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). Similarly, in patients on steroid (CRUZ et al., 1966; WILLIS and MWOKOLO, 1966; NEEFE et al., 1973) and immunosuppressive therapy for lymphomatous diseases or deficient in immune response (ROGERS and NELSON, 1966; RIVERA et al., 1970), systemic strongyloidiasis is often fatal. The increased frequency of auto-infection in such patients with a breached immune barrier is, however, unclear. Further complications of this infection due to severe enterocolitis result in sepsis, bacteraemia and meningitis (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). This paper presents a fatal case of S. stercoralis infection which illustrates an uncommon if not unique, mechanism in its production of haemorrhagic enteropathy leading to sepsis and death.
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PMID:Fatal bowel infarction and sepsis: an unusual complication of systemic strongyloidiasis. 122 84

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common condition in gastroenterology clinics, but yet it is one of the pooly understood. A international working team in Rome, 1988, proposed that IBS is a functional intestinal disorder with chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms without structural or biochemical abnormalities. IBS was sub-classified into 3 groups; abdominal pain as the prominent feature with diarrhea, with constipation, with both while painless diarrhea and simple constipation without pain were excluded from IBS. There is a lot of data suggesting that IBS has a gut dysmotility, which is influenced by many stimuli (food, hormone, drug, menses, mechanical dilatation), including psychological stress. Moreover, currently available evidences implicate that IBS is a more generalized disorder of smooth muscle function not only in the intestine but also outside of the intestine.
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PMID:[Irritable bowel syndrome--criteria, sub-classification, etiology]. 128 43


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