Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is increasing evidence that immunological mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. It was therefore of interest to study interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemokine, in the peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood of women undergoing laparoscopic procedures. The presence and concentrations of IL-8 in relation to endometriosis, infertility and abdominal pain were evaluated. Samples of peritoneal fluid (n = 49) and peripheral blood (n = 50) were obtained from 50 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for various gynaecological indications (abdominal pain, infertility, sterilization). IL-8 was present in the peritoneal fluid of most women (87%). The concentration of IL-8 in the peritoneal fluid was higher in women with endometriosis compared to women without (P = 0.02). This difference was more pronounced in early (stage 1) endometriosis (P = 0.001). IL-8 concentrations in the peritoneal fluid were also higher in women with early endometriosis compared to women with later stages of the disease (P = 0.003). Peripheral blood concentrations did not correlate with peritoneal fluid concentrations of IL-8 and/or the presence of endometriosis. We conclude that IL-8 is an important factor that may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis possibly by promoting neovascularization. This information can be a guide in the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of endometriosis.
 ...
PMID:Peritoneal fluid concentrations of interleukin-8 in women with endometriosis: relationship to stage of disease. 974 Apr 57

Among all the cases of hydatid disease seen in an 8-year period at Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia, seven cases are reported here because of their unusual presentations. One patient had a brain hydatid cyst which presented as a space-occupying lesion. The second patient presented with symptoms and signs of cardiac tamponade due to pericardial hydatidosis. The third female had multiple abdominal and pelvic hydatid cysts causing vague abdominal pain, chronic ill-health and primary infertility. The fourth case was a huge single hydatid cyst filling the whole abdominal cavity and involving multiple organs. The fifth case presented with simultaneous involvement of the liver, right diaphragm and pleura with hydatidosis. The sixth case involved the left diaphragm and the patient presented with clinical picture simulating pleurisy. The last patient presented with a hydatid cyst of the right thigh. Even though there was no mortality in these patients, there was disabling morbidity. We conclude that Echinococcus granulosus can affect any organ in the body and a high suspicion of this disease is justified in endemic regions. Moreover, medical treatment should precede and follow the surgical intervention.
 ...
PMID:Some rare presentations of hydatid cyst (Echinococcus granulosus). 980 11

In women, infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis frequently result in long-term sequelae including chronic abdominal pain, ectopic pregnancy and infertility. In an attempt to characterise the pathogenesis of the infection, female C3H (H-2k) mice were inoculated intravaginally with different doses of C. trachomatis and then mated with proven male breeder mice. The inoculated mice developed a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from infertility to asymptomatic shedding. The dose inducing infertility in 50% of the mice was c. 10(5) inclusion-forming units of C. trachomatis. In another group of mice sampled at intervals after intravaginal inoculation, C. trachomatis was recovered from the upper genital tract starting at 24 h after infection. A higher percentage of animals infected during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle had positive cultures from the middle and upper genital tract than when mice were inoculated during the follicular phase. These results indicate that rapid therapeutic intervention is required to avoid the sequelae resulting from C. trachomatis genital infection, and suggest that hormonal factors play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Factors influencing the induction of infertility in a mouse model of Chlamydia trachomatis ascending genital tract infection. 983 64

The development of postoperative adhesions remains an almost inevitable consequence of visceral and gynecological surgery, appearing in 50-95% of all patients. The pathogenetical sequence from peritoneal injury, with locally released cytokines and inflammatory reaction, to permanent fibrous adhesions has been elucidated in recent years. Early and late bowel obstruction, chronic abdominal pain, and infertility are the main clinical complications, and they also increase the socio-economic costs. Laparoscopic surgical procedures with their minimal access to the abdominal cavity are associated with fewer postoperative adhesions compared to open surgery, although adhesion formations cannot be entirely prevented.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of adhesion formation in open and laparoscopic surgery. 984 78

Celiac disease is a permanent intolerance to ingested gluten that results in immunologically mediated inflammatory damage to the small-intestinal mucosa. Celiac disease is associated with both human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA genes and with other immune disorders, notably juvenile diabetes and thyroid disease. The classic sprue syndrome of steatorrhea and malnutrition coupled with multiple deficiency states may be less common than more subtle and often monosymptomatic presentations of the disease. Diverse problems such as dental anomalies, short stature, osteopenic bone disease, lactose intolerance, infertility, and nonspecific abdominal pain among many others may be the only manifestations of celiac disease. The rate at which celiac disease is diagnosed depends on the level of suspicion for the disease. Although diagnosis relies on intestinal biopsy findings, serologic tests are useful as screening tools and as an adjunct to diagnosis. The treatment of celiac disease is lifelong avoidance of dietary gluten. Gluten-free diets are now readily achievable with appropriate professional instruction and community support. Both benign and malignant complications of celiac disease occur but these can often be avoided by early diagnosis and compliance with a gluten-free diet.
 ...
PMID:The widening spectrum of celiac disease. 1007 17

In women, Chlamydia trachomatis infection often occurs in the urethra or cervix, with up to 70% of infections associated with few or no symptoms. Inadequate treatment may lead to infection of the upper genital tract and subsequent pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in 10 to 40% of patients. PID causes an increased relative risk of ectopic pregnancy of 2.5 to 7.9 and PID may also lead to tubal infertility in about 17% of patients. 60% of infants born of mothers with C. trachomatis infection may become infected, leading to conjunctivitis in 23% and pneumonia in 21%. All of these sequelae of C. trachomatis infection may require in- or outpatient treatment. With > 4 million infections estimated to occur each year in the US, C. trachomatis is one of the most common and costly of the sexually transmitted pathogens. Treatment options for uncomplicated C. trachomatis infections in nonpregnant women include single-dose azithromycin 1000 mg or doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days orally. In clinical trials, the bacteriological cure rate of single dose azithromycin 1000 mg (95 to 100%) was similar to that of oral doxycycline 200 mg/day for 7 days (88 to 100%) in nonpregnant women. Azithromycin was at least as well tolerated as doxycycline and was associated with mainly mild gastrointestinal adverse effects including diarrhoea, nausea and abdominal pain. Pharmacoeconomic analyses have sought to determine if the 2.7- to 12-fold higher acquisition costs of azithromycin in comparison with doxycycline are offset by its simple single-dose regimen which is likely to aid patient compliance and so optimise drug efficacy. All analyses were retrospective cost-effectiveness decision-tree models and mainly considered direct costs. All models incorporated an estimate of noncompliance with doxycycline and its influence on efficacy. For the treatment of confirmed C. trachomatis infection, azithromycin saved around $US1200 per major outcome avoided (1993 values; third-party payer perspective in the US) or US$3502 per case of PID avoided (1993 values; US healthcare system perspective) compared with doxycycline. If infection was treated empirically, azithromycin was more costly than doxycycline by $US792 (1993 values), but the result was sensitive to changes of some parameters of the model. Azithromycin was more costly than doxycycline from the perspective of a public health clinic which paid for the treatment of initial infection and acute sequelae only. Thus, pharmacoeconomic data from the US support the use of azithromycin in the treatment of nonpregnant women with confirmed C. trachomatis urogenital infections from the perspective of the healthcare system or third-party payer; however, from the perspective of a public clinic, doxycycline is the less costly option. Decreases in doxycycline compliance or azithromycin acquisition cost are factors that favour azithromycin.
 ...
PMID:Azithromycin. A pharmacoeconomic review of its use as a single-dose regimen in the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women. 1017 26

The symptom of lower abdominal pain in women is extremely common and does not always indicate the presence of serious illness. However, women with certain serious conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), acute appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy and other complications of pregnancy may present initially with this symptom. Therefore, in managing women with lower abdominal pain care should be taken to exclude any serious condition before dismissing the patient. PID is a condition in which there is infection of the reproductive tract of women above the internal os of the cervix. This usually occurs as a result of an ascending cervical infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and anaerobic bacteria. The immediate and long term effects of PID include salpingitis, pelvic abscess, peritonitis, infertility and predisposition to tubal ectopic pregnancy. Women with lower abdominal pain should be assessed carefully and if PID is the cause they should be treated for gonococcal, chlamydial and anaerobic bacterial infection. Other gynaecological and surgical causes of lower abdominal pain and the immediate complications of PID require urgent referral to a specialist. PID is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
 ...
PMID:Syndromic management of sexually transmitted diseases. Part 4--The management of lower abdominal pain in women. 1018 53

Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections are common and a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease and its complications (infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic abdominal pain). No pathognomonic sign exists and the majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic. During the last eight years numerous evaluations of methods of detecting C trachomatis infections by use of DNA amplification have been published. The clinical sensitivity of the methods seem to be superior to antigen detection methods and cell culture. However, inhibitoric components may reduce the sensitivity of certain DNA tests and sample types. The increased sensitivity of DNA amplification tests allows the use of sample material which contain fewer organisms than the conventional swab sample, e.g. urine and vaginal samples. A strategy using home-obtained and mailed samples increases the efficacy of contact tracing and universal screening. Wider use of this strategy may reduce the risk of complications for the individual and reduce the prevalence of the infection in the society.
 ...
PMID:[DNA amplification in the diagnosis of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection]. 1041 1

Pelvic inflammatory disease is the most significant consequence of sexually transmitted infections. Statistics suggest that adolescents have a significantly higher rate of PID than does any other age group. Even asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic PID can lead to adhesions, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy, so clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating female adolescents with lower abdominal pain. Empiric treatment, including appropriate partner notification and treatment, should be initiated early.
 ...
PMID:Pelvic inflammatory disease in adolescents. 1049 56

A case report of a patient with tubal infertility treated by in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF + ET) of 4 embryos is described. The patient presented with vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain and during emergency laparoscopy tubal heterotopic pregnancy was eliminated. The patient did well till term and delivered a 3450 g and 50 cm newborn with congenital valvular pulmonal artery stenosis. The incidence and treatment options of heterotopic pregnancies and influences of foetal outcome concerning congenital anomalies are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Laparoscopic salpingectomy in heterotopic pregnancy after fertilization in vitro and embryo transfer]. 1051 May 52


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>