Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 34-y-old African-American male developed Actinomyces liver abscess 8 months after appendectomy. Review of the English language literature revealed 56 additional cases of hepatic actinomycosis. Affected patients were typically immunocompetent, had a wide age range (4-86 y) and were predominantly male (70.2%). Infection was frequently (80.7%) cryptogenic, presenting with fever (83.3%), abdominal pain (74.5%) and weight loss (50.9%) over a 3.7 +/- 5.1 month period. The most common radiographic finding was a single hypodense mass/abscess (68.4%). Extension to surrounding tissues was evident in 19 cases (33.3%). Diagnosis was usually accomplished microscopically and culture was often (33.3%) negative. Infection was often (35.2%) mixed, usually with anaerobic bacteria. A surgical or percutaneous approach was diagnostic in 29/35 (82.9%) and 24/33 (72.7%) cases, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 8.8%; it was 10.7% with medical therapy alone and 4.0% using a combined medical/intervention approach (p = 0.6). In conclusion, hepatic actinomycosis is a rare subacute infection that may mimic neoplasm. It is usually cryptogenic, is more common among immunocompetent individuals and male subjects and is highly responsive to medical therapy.
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PMID:Hepatic actinomycosis: an overview of salient features and outcome of therapy. 1206 27

The case of an elderly immunocompromised man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who presented with fever, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea is described. Brachyspira pilosicoli was isolated from culture. The patient was treated with penicillin G i.v. and became afebrile. B. pilosicoli is a recently recognized enteric pathogen of humans and animals. Intestinal spirochetosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of any immunocompromised or critically ill patient with dysentery.
Infection 2002 Jun
PMID:Brachyspira (Serpulina) pilosicoli spirochetemia in an immunocompromised patient. 1212 Sep 47

This study examines the complications and side effects of female tubal sterilization by phenol-atabrine paste (PAP) and phenol mucilage (PM). The subjects of the study were 1705 women randomly divided into two groups: 871 using PAP and 834 using PM. Women of both groups were differentially administered PAP or PM drugs. The operation was performed as a routine procedure, wherein the drug was instilled transcervically into two Fallopian tubes. The success of the operation was checked by x-ray examination. The sterilization efficacy, side effects were followed up at 1-14 days, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years postoperatively. The results revealed that fever rates were 8% for the PAP and 4.4% for the PM group. Infection rates of the appendages were 2.3% for the PAP and 1.2% for the PM group. The incidence of chemical peritonitis within the limits of the pelvic cavity was 1.1% for the PAP and 2.4% for the PM group. Short-term complications included slight abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, which were experienced in both groups. Menstruation was not affected by the instillation. The 5-year follow-up gave negative results for the Pap smear test and for potential diseases caused by the sterilizing agents.
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PMID:Long-term safety observations on side effects and complications of non-surgical sterilization by chemical instillation of the fallopian tubal. 1229 76

Because abortion is illegal in Senegal, it is not easy to determine its frequency. Women suffering complications of illegal abortions are often unwilling to aid in their own treatment by divulging the means used to induce the abortion. Clandestine abortions are associated with poor hygienic conditions exposing the woman to risk of infection. Abortion operators are often ignorant of elementary notions of genital anatomy and unskilled in gynecological surgery. Death may result in a few minutes from shock or embolism. The operator is unable to take any action because of the illegal status of the abortion. Secondary complications may appear because of local trauma, infection, or from caustic or toxic agents. Hemorrhage may be external and abundant, originating in the cervix, vagina, or uterine cavity. It may occur within the abdominal cavity if an organ is perforated. In both cases surgical treatment may be required to save the woman's life. An infection or a state of toxicity may result from the abortion, or both may occur simultaneously. Infections of varying degrees of seriousness may be localized in the genital organs (pelviperitonitis), spread throughout the abdomen (general peritonitis), or spread throughout the organism. Pelviperitonitis results from performing abortions under septic conditions and from uterine retention of part of the embryo. Symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and arrest of intestinal transit. Symptoms are often masked by uninformed use of antibiotics, which allows the infection to spread to the other abdominal organs. Generalized peritonitis results from grave lesions of the genital or intestinal tracts produced by traumatizing instruments. In the absence of medical and surgical treatment, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorates and death ensues. Generalized infection may be due to septicemia, tetanus, or hepatonephritis. Hospitalization in a specialized service is required. Thromboembolic complications may also follow clandestine abortions. Late complications and sequelae may include chronic abdominal pain, menstrual disturbances, secondary sterility, or inability to have sexual relations because of vaginal lesions caused by caustic agents. Later pregnancies may be ectopic, or may spontaneously abort because of cervical lesions caused by trauma. Psychic sequelae may include depression or confusion. Information and contraceptive services should be made available to young girls to prevent illegal abortions. Social legislation should be modified to assist future mothers.
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PMID:[Illegal abortion in Senegal]. 1231 24

This article gives an overview of research findings about women's health status during pregnancy and 12 weeks postpartum in three rural areas of Manikganj District, Bangladesh. Findings indicate that in one village 8 out of 10 women had some degree of ill health due to pregnancy or delivery. The study was based on a sample of 2099 women. 97% of deliveries took place at home, and 92% were delivered by a traditional birth attendant. 52% of deliveries were attended by a trained traditional birth attendant, but the rate of infection was unrelated to training. 26% of women showed evidence of infection, such as fever, foul discharge, and lower abdominal pain. 14.7% showed evidence of infection 2-6 weeks after delivery. The likelihood of postpartum infection was related to a longer time in labor. Infection was more likely if hands were inserted into the vaginal opening during the labor and delivery process. Almost 33% of women had one or more serious complications during delivery. 8.4% had labor of over 24 hours. 8.6% had a retained placenta. 7.8% pushed for more than one hour. Common problems after delivery were perineal ones and excess bleeding. 50% of women were anemic to some extent. 10% were severely anemic at 48 hours after delivery and at 2 weeks after delivery. 12.6% of women had a prenatal check-up. Only 1 in 20 women reported use of a contraceptive 3 months after delivery, and many did not have the protection afforded by exclusive breast feeding. Many women held supernatural beliefs about illness. Investigators and international workshop participants recommended promotion of postpartum care, postpartum home visits, breast feeding, and perineal hygiene; provision of antibiotics for treatment of infection and iron for treatment of anemia; and improvement in community awareness about treatment of obstetric emergencies. Services should be directed to comprehensive maternity care, training of TBAs, and adolescent girls.
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PMID:Bangladesh: 8 in 10 women have maternal health problems. 1232 Apr 7

A.H. Robins, makers of the Dalkon Shield, recently issued a letter to doctors suggesting that the problems of Actinomyces infection and colonization associated with long-term use of IUDs can be minimized by replacing inert IUDs at periodic intervals, generally not exceeding three years. However, David Eschenbach of the University of Washington believes that there are no final answers yet as to the prevention and management of this serious though rare disease, and recommendations are really just opinions. Actinomyces israelli is the species most commonly associated with pelvic colonization or infection; it is commonly a commensal organism of the oropharynx and the bowel, but not the genital tract. Symptoms that warn of infection of the genital tract include abdominal pain; nocturnal chills or sweats; vaginal discharge; intermenstrual bleeding; and increased menstrual bleeding. Infection can be fairly mild and resolved with IUD removal, or it can produce tubal abcesses, generally unilateral, which can be fatal, as in a young woman who developed massive pelvic abscess which later spilled 1500 cc of free pus into the abdominal cavity. Plastic inert IUDs are associated with a greater prevalence of Actinomyces infection than are copper-bearing IUDs. Pap smear can detect the presence of Actinomyces organisms, which are seen as branching filaments, sulfa granules or irregular islands of amorphous material which stain blue to brown or black. The organism may either be pathogenic or commensal, depending on the presence of leukocytes. Overall prevalence of Actinomyces showing up on Pap smears of IUD users is estimated at 80% to 90% of IUD users. Treatment suggestions depend on whether the patient has symptoms or is asymptomatic, and whether the presence of the organism represents an infection or a colonization. IUD removal, antibiotic treatment, and if necessary, surgical excision are recommended. Monitoring programs for IUD users are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Actinomyces in IUD users: management, prevention sparks controversy. 1233 39

Some 250 million cases of sexually transmitted disease (STD) occur each year, and in some countries 1 or even 2 women in every 10 are infected with an STD. STDs are likely to reach an advanced stage before women notice them. The consequences of STDs are devastating, according to a report by the Population Information Program of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, and they include stillbirths, blinding eye infections in the newborn, chronic female abdominal pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. There are social consequences for women such as divorce, and husbands may abandon infertile wives. Gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause both severe inflammation of the pelvis with acute pain and possible infertility. Pelvic inflammatory disease can permanently scar the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy, which can be fatal when the fallopian tube ruptures. Babies born to mothers with gonorrhea and chlamydia are likely to develop eye infections that may make them blind. Chlamydia infection in pregnant women may also cause premature rupture of the membranes, sepsis, and the death of premature neonate. Infection may spread to the lungs of newborns, leading to chlamydial pneumonia. Syphilis can cause spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death, or congenital syphilis in the infant. Trichomoniasis and herpes can also be transmitted from mother to fetus. And infection with an STD increases the risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that prenatal care should always include checks for STDs. A WHO Technical Working Group on Care of Mother and Baby has stressed the importance of detecting and treating STDs in pregnant women. The working group urged training of health workers to distinguish between STDs and other infections. The group, which met July 5-9, 1993, outlined health center strategies for prevention and treatment.
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PMID:STDs infect 250 million a year. 1234

Infection by the nematode Oesophagostomum bifurcum is focally distributed in Africa and causes a syndrome of abdominal pain, obstruction, or abdominal mass because of its predilection for invasion of colonic mucosa. To determine the reliability of ultrasound for the detection of colon pathology induced by this parasite, three studies to assess the intraobserver and interobserver variation of the technique were performed. In an area of northern Ghana endemic for O. bifurcum, 181 people from a low-prevalence village and 62 people from a high-prevalence village were examined twice by the same observer, and 111 people were independently examined by two observers in a moderately endemic village. The kappa statistics for the prevalence observations in the three studies were 0.82, 0.87, and 0.81, respectively, and kappa values for the intensity observations were 0.66, 0.63, and 0.71, respectively. The upper 95% confidence intervals of the average absolute difference in nodule size measurements in Study 1 and Study 3 were 3.6 and 4.5 mm, respectively. Therefore, ultrasound is useful in the diagnosis and management of O. bifurcum colon infection.
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PMID:Intraobserver and interobserver variation of ultrasound diagnosis of Oesophagostomum bifurcum colon lesions. 1251 61

The most recent knowledge on Helicobacter pylori infection, especially in epidemiology, have focused attention on the first years of life, recent data suggesting that acquisition of infection occurs during infancy. If the mode of infection is still a matter of debate, recent results suggest that the source of H. pylori is intrafamilial. Two non invasive tests have been recently evaluated in childhood. Urea breath test appears to be highly accurate in children above four years of age both for diagnosis and control of eradication. More recently, a commercial stool antigen test has been shown to be also accurate in children. However data are still lacking on its accuracy in young children. Infection remains often asymptomatic in children, and except for ulcer disease (which is rare in childhood) relationship between abdominal pain and H. pylori infection is not demonstrated. Three recent paediatric statements recommend endoscopy with biopsies as the preferred method of diagnosis in children with upper digestive symptoms suggestive of organic disease. Non invasive tests should only be used to confirm successful eradication. There are insufficient data in the literature to give treatment recommendations in childhood. Association of PPI and 2 antibiotics for 1 to 2 weeks give eradication rates lower than 80%. Lack of observance and resistance to antibiotics could explain these poor results. Numerous questions remain to be answered such as natural history of the infection, and should have important implication for both clinical practice and future strategies of prevention.
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PMID:[Helicobacter pylori infection: what are the specific questions in childhood?]. 1270 May 7

Infection by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who have received a bone marrow transplantation (BMT), both autologue and alogenic. Infection is generally produced in the first post-transplant year and, in its disseminated form, it can show itself through abdominal pain that translates the visceral affectation, pain that can precede the appearance of the characteristic cutaneous lesions by days, making diagnosis difficult. The clinical case described belongs to a patient who, 10 months after a bone marrow transplant, showed an infection by varicella-zoster virus, manifested through abdominal pain due to hepatic affectation, with an interval of 2 days between the start of pain and the appearance of cutaneous lesions. The diagnosis and treatment of these patients is discussed.
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PMID:[Abdominal pain and infection by the varicella-zoster virus following bone marrow transplant]. 1286 Dec 90


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