Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of a tuberculous pancreatic abscess in a 47-year-old human immunodeficiency virus positive intravenous drug abuser. She had a prolonged febrile course and persistent abdominal pain. On CT and sonography the lesion lacked the usual ancillary features of an abscess such as diffuse pancreatic enlargement and a peripancreatic fluid collection, and more closely resembled a necrotic neoplasm.
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PMID:CT appearance in tuberculous pancreatic abscess. 229 85

Gastrointestinal disease in AIDS is common and is due to opportunistic infections, aggressive malignancy and possible direct HIV enteropathy. Disabling gastrointestinal symptoms are prominent both in patients with established AIDS and in patients with earlier stages of HIV infection. We report the cases of 160 patients with AIDS who underwent gastroenterological investigations at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, between November 1983 to October 1987. Of these, 127 had the diagnosis of AIDS established prior to referral and 33 patients had the diagnosis of AIDS established as a result of gastroenterological investigations. Diarrhoea and weight loss (88%) were the most frequent reasons for undertaking gastroenterological investigations. Swallowing disorders (47%), abdominal pain (20%), oral and perianal disease (74%) and evidence of hepatobiliary disease were the other major indications for investigation. In 90% of cases there was evidence of concurrent and active gastrointestinal disease at two or more sites within the alimentary tract. Results from this series reveal a wide range of infectious pathogens: viral (Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex), bacterial (Mycobacterium avium intracellulare) and parasitic (Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli). Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were the only malignancies detected in this series. Gastrointestinal disease associated with HIV infection is common, and contributes significantly to its overall morbidity and mortality. Moreover, chronic diarrhoea, weight loss and malnutrition may also contribute to the overall immunodeficiency.
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PMID:The gastrointestinal manifestations of AIDS. 234 18

Fusidic acid has previously been noted to prevent syncytial formation by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. Since this drug is a cheap, usually well-tolerated substance with known toxicity profile, an open, uncontrolled trial was undertaken to evaluate its possible efficacy in HIV disease. Twenty HIV antibody positive patients (10 with AIDS and 10 with ARC) were treated with sodium fusidate 500 mg every 8 h for up to 3 months. One patient died during therapy and six ceased treatment due to adverse events. Rash, nausea, diarrhea, and/or abdominal pain caused difficulties in all patients. There was no significant improvement in clinical state or T-helper cell levels, and no observed decrease in HIV p24 antigen during treatment. We conclude that in this open trial, sodium fusidate had no observable beneficial clinical, virological, or immunological effects.
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PMID:Clinical, immunological, and virological effects of sodium fusidate in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC): an open study. 249 93

Clofazimine is useful in the treatment of Hansen's disease (leprosy) and some dermatological disorders, and is currently being used in drug regimens for patients with human immunodeficiency viral infections who are also infected with Mycobacterium avium complex. After an oral dose, absorption is variable, but when given in an oil-wax suspension is approximately 70%. Administration with food appears to increase the peak plasma drug concentration and reduce the time to peak level. Data on the volume of distribution and percentage or type of protein binding are not available; however, the drug undergoes extensive tissue distribution. Clofazimine does not cross the blood-brain barrier, but does cross the placenta, and is found in human breast milk. To date 3 urinary metabolites have been identified in man, but their biological activity is unknown. A substantial portion of the unchanged drug is excreted in faeces. The elimination half-life is variable, with values as long as 70 days being quoted in the literature. Frequently reported side effects of clofazimine are hyperpigmentation of the skin and conjunctiva, and abdominal pain. These resolve upon cessation of therapy. Biochemical and haematological adverse effects have been reported, but are generally not clinically relevant. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions of potential clinical significance have been observed with dapsone, oestrogen, rifampicin and vitamin A.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacokinetics of clofazimine. A review. 265 45

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been frequently identified as opportunistic pathogens in individuals with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The majority of these infections have been caused by members of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC). Disseminated MAC infection has generally been diagnosed late in the course of HIV infection, and it is often associated with persistent nonspecific symptoms of fever, generalized weakness, and weight loss. Abdominal pain and/or diarrhea with malabsorption may also occur in some patients. Despite frequent isolation of MAC organisms from respiratory secretions in these patients, significant pulmonary involvement has not been seen commonly with disseminated MAC infection. While MAC can be isolated from a variety of clinical specimens in infected individuals, culturing of blood is the single most useful diagnostic procedure to evaluate for MAC infection. The prognosis for disseminated MAC infection in HIV-infected patients has been poor, with a reported median survival of 7.4 months after diagnosis. The overall contribution of MAC infection to mortality in these patients has not been clearly delineated. Treatment of MAC infection in HIV-infected individuals using a variety of drug regimens has not been effective in clearing mycobacteremia or improving overall survival in the majority of patients. However, initiation of drug therapy for MAC may decrease the severity of disease symptoms in some patients. Several NTM other than MAC have also been reported as causing infection in HIV-infected patients. Many of these organisms are ubiquitous in the environment and are frequent colonizers of biologic specimens. Although many NTM are regarded as relatively avirulent, these organisms need to be recognized as potentially important pathogens in HIV-infected patients with significant immunosuppression.
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PMID:Mycobacterium avium complex and other nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with HIV infection. 266 36

Numerous abdominal manifestations were noted among 600 patients undergoing treatment at Hospital Laennec for various stages of infection by the acquired immunodeficiency virus. These included violent abdominal pain in 30% of cases, the development of abdominal lymphoma, and occasionally alarming pseudo-surgical syndromes. Diagnosis is difficult, all the more so since authentic emergencies may be aggravated by the immunodeficiency state. 18 cases were collected in 3 years and included 6 cases of acute cholecystitis and 2 of appendicitis. The gangrenous and extensive nature of infection was generally noted and required appropriate antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:[Surgical emergencies and pseudo-surgical syndromes in the course of acquired immunodeficiency syndromes in adults]. 269 92

In feces referred for parasite investigation from 1973 patients of the Hospital Clinico Universitario in Salamanca, 27 instances of infestation by Cryptosporidium sp (1.5% of all investigated patients) were detected in 19 children (1.4%) and 8 adults (2.2%). The incidence in patients with antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was 12.5%, in contrast with 1.25% in patients without anti-HIV antibodies. 55.5% of the instances of Cryptosporidium sp infestation were found in children less than 4 years old. The higher incidence was in winter and spring. The association with other enteropathogens was found in 14.8%. Diarrhea and abdominal pain were the most common clinical features of cryptosporidial disease. Chronic diarrhea was found in two adult patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In immunocompromised children and adults asymptomatic carriers were found. The sensitivity and specificity of immunofluorescence testing with monoclonal antibodies as compared with Ziehl-Neelsen stain for the detection of Cryptosporidium sp oocysts were 100%.
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PMID:[Incidence of Cryptosporidium sp in patients treated in a general hospital. Technics for the identification of oocysts in feces]. 279 44

Gastroduodenal endoscopic examinations were performed on 15 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Twelve had the disease in acute form, two in chronic form and one patient was in crisis. Eight patients had gastroduodenal lesions, four esophageal candidiasis, three gastric infiltration and two duodenal ATL-cell infiltration. Four out of the five patients who had the gastroduodenal ATL-cell infiltration complained of gastroduodenal symptoms such as anorexia, upper abdominal pain, diarrhea and melena. Our observations suggested that these gastroduodenal symptoms were related to the gastroduodenal ATL-cell infiltration. Esophageal candidiasis in ATL could be related to immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Gastroduodenal complications in patients with adult T-cell leukemia. 320 83

The first case of AIDS positively identified in a non-foreigner in Taiwan was a 25-year-old unmarried male who had practiced homosexuality for ten years. The patient began to have abdominal pain accompanied with loose stools and weight loss in June 1985, followed by fever, cough, headache, dizziness, and loss of memory. Facial hyperpigmentation and extensive oroesophageal candidiasis were noted. Laboratory studies showed severe lymphopenia with a reversed T-helper to T-suppressor ratio, cutaneous anergy and polyclonal gammopathy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were positive by ELISA and Western blot, and the virus was isolated from the blood. At autopsy, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, extensive CNS toxoplasmosis and early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma were demonstrated. The detection of HIV in the adrenal medulla supports the consensus that the virus is neurotropic.
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PMID:An autopsy-proved case of AIDS in Taiwan. 330 20

The clinical course of a child who developed an adenocarcinoma of the stomach at 11 years of age is described. At 6 years of age, the child was evaluated for abdominal pain, weight loss, and vomiting. She was found to have hemorrhagic, atrophic gastritis, achlorhydria, and panhypogammaglobulinemia. The gastritis improved with corticosteroid therapy, but relapsed each time that the steroid dosage was tapered. The clinical course was marked by severe growth failure, recurrent infections, and intermittent abdominal pain. Radiographic studies done when the patient was 11 years of age demonstrated a large fungating mass on the lesser curvature of the stomach. Endoscopy and biopsies done 1 year previously had not revealed any sign of malignancy. A radical gastrectomy was performed. Microscopic studies revealed multifocal adenocarcinoma of the stomach with no evidence of invasion of the submucosa or local lymph nodes. The patient died of Candida septicemia and pneumonia 6 months after the gastrectomy. There was no evidence of recurrence of the tumor on autopsy. The relationship between common variable immunodeficiency and gastrointestinal disease is described.
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PMID:Multifocal adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a child with common variable immunodeficiency. 338 60


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