Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 56-year-old black woman with diabetes mellitus was admitted for hypoglycemia and confusion. Her past medical history included breast cancer, for which she had undergone a left lumpectomy and then mastectomy for in-breast recurrence. Her oral intake had decreased during the past month because of increasing discomfort from left-sided chest pain. During this period, she continued to take pioglitazone for diabetes at her originally prescribed dose. The patient's mental status improved quickly after taking orange juice and intravenous glucose, but the chest pain persisted. The pain, which was described as an ache along the left costal margin, increased with palpation, deep inspiration, or coughing. She had recently presented with similar complaints at another hospital where she had been prescribed a muscle relaxant that provided no relief from the pain. She also reported a 14-lb weight loss during the previous 3 months, as well as fatigue, weakness, and aches in her legs and arms. She denied fevers, chills, sweats, abdominal pain, nausea, or recent trauma. Laboratory values at the time of admission were: calcium, 11.8 mg/dL; total protein, 11.1 mg/dL; albumin, 3.2 g/dL; creatinine, 1.0 mg/dL; and hematocrit, 29.3%, with a mean corpuscular volume of 89.3. Chest radiography revealed a lytic lesion in the left lateral fourth rib and left humerus (). Serum and urine protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal spike in the gamma region consistent with monoclonal gammopathy. The serum spike was quantified at 3.78 g/dL. A skeletal survey showed many small well-defined lytic lesions in the skull (with one 1.5-cm lytic lesion in the upper posterior parietal bone), arms, and legs. A bone scan showed multiple foci of increased uptake in the right and left ribs as well as the proximal portion of the left femur. The peripheral blood smear revealed rouleaux formation () and plasma cells (). What is the diagnosis?
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PMID:Cases from the Osler medical service at Johns Hopkins University. 1275 89

Acute metabolic decompensation of diabetes, hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal tract disease are often connected. Hyperglycemic crisis can be induced by an infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract, ulcerative disease, gall bladder disease, pancreas disease, and gastrointestinal tract tumours. It can result from diabetic visceral neuropathy manifested especially by impaired patency of the gastrointestinal tract. Metabolic decompensation of diabetes is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings. Some of them (especially abdominal pain and increased levels of amylases in serum) can evoke diagnostic and therapeutic hesitation. Insufficient nutrition as a result of gastrointestinal tract disease or adverse reaction to drugs used for its treatment can induce both metabolic decompensation and hypoglycemia.
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PMID:[Acute complications of diabetes and the gastrointestinal tract]. 1530 41

Primary adrenal insufficiency is a rare pediatric condition, which can be presented as chronic or acute forms, especially during stress. The clinical features are unspecific and include weakness, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, arterial hypotension, hypoglycemia and dehydration. The etiology can be acquired such as infectious, hemorrhagic and drug-induced disorders, or be dependent on a genetic origin, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Addisons disease, congenital adrenal hypoplasia, adrenoleucodystrophy, or deposit disorders of the adrenal gland. The familial history, presence of consanguinity, adjacent diseases and associate factors, should be considered to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory investigation includes cortisol, ACTH and the determination of the steroidogenic precursors. The ACTH stimulation test is performed in intermediate conditions. Adrenal auto-antibodies quantitation and molecular studies can be helpful to confirm specific diseases. A substitutive glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid therapy should be started as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed. The treatment aimed to control the symptoms with the smaller dose that can allow an adequate growth and pubertal development.
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PMID:[Primary adrenal insufficiency in children]. 1576 45

In childhood and adolescence, migraine is the main primary headache. This diagnosis is extensively underestimated and misdiagnosed in pediatric population. Lacks of specific biologic marker, specific investigation or brain imaging reduce these clinical entities too often to a psychological illness. Migraine is a severe headache evolving by stereotyped crises associated with marked digestive symptoms (nausea and vomiting); throbbing pain, sensitivity to sound, light are usual symptoms; the attack is sometimes preceded by a visual or sensory aura. During attacks, pain intensity is severe, most of children must lie down. Abdominal pain is frequently associated, rest brings relief and sleep ends often the attack. The prevalence of the migraine varies between 5% and 10% in childhood. At childhood, headache duration is quite often shorter than in adult population, it is more often frontal, bilateral (2/3 of cases) that one-sided. Migraine is a disabling illness: children with migraine lost more school days in a school year, than a matched control group. Migraine episodes are frequently triggered by several factors: emotional stress (school pressure, vexation, excitement: upset), hypoglycemia, lack of sleep or excess (week end migraine), sensorial stimulation (loud noise, bright light, strong odor, heat or cold...), sympathetic stimulation (sport, physical exercise). Attack treatments must be given at the early beginning of the crisis; oral dose of ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) is recommended. If the oral route is not available when nausea or vomiting occurs, the rectal or nasal routes have then to be used. Non pharmacological treatments (relaxation training, self hypnosis, biofeedback) have shown to have good efficacy as prophylactic measure. Daily prophylactic pharmacological treatments are prescribed in second line after failure of non-pharmacological treatment.
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PMID:[Migraine and headache in childhood]. 1588 59

Chronic pancreatitis is mostly caused by heavy alcohol consumption and is characterized by the onset of symptoms in the fourth and fifth decade. Beginning in patients older than 65 years of age is rare. Leading symptom is recurrent or persisting abdominal pain which is missed only in approximately 5% of the cases. Chronic pancreatitis is classified as idiopathic if there is no anamnesis of alcohol abuse or some rare specific causes. The Idiopathic Chronic Senile Pancreatitis (ICSP) is a subset of the non-alcoholic pancreatitis and is characterized by advanced age at the time of first manifestation. Although life expectancy especially in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis is reduced, there are many patients who reach older age. The natural history in all forms of chronic pancreatitis shows a decrease in pain and the manifestation of exocrine and endocrine insufficiency as late complications. Especially in the elderly loss of weight may occur with steatorrhea and pancreatic diabetes mellitus as the dominating clinical problem of chronic pancreatitis. If pain persists treatment is symptomatically with analgesics. The possibility of causal surgery or the indication for endoscopic treatment of painful chronic pancreatitis should be proven in every single case. Standard pancreatin treatment consisting of large amounts of enzymes will abolish maldigestion. Pancreatic diabetes requires often insulin, there is a tendency to hypoglycaemia. In contrast to chronic pancreatitis cancer of the pancreas is a typical and frequent disease of the elderly. The prognosis is bad and one year life expectancy is just about 11%. One of the reasons is, that the diagnosis is found lately because early symptoms are missing. Specific symptoms like pain, weight loss or jaundice occur lately. In suspicion of pancreatic cancer a lot of methods of morphological diagnostic are available such as CT, MRCP, ultrasound, ERCP and PET, in addition the specific tumor markers CA 19-9 and CEA. After diagnostic is completed, curative resection is possible in only a low percentage of all cases. Old age is no contraindication for surgery, prognosis and the risk of surgery don't differ to other age groups. In most cases palliative therapy is the only possible option because of an advanced tumor stage. Sufficient pain therapy, endoscopic stenting in case of obstructive jaundice or gastroenterostomy in case of duodenal are useful interventions.
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PMID:[Chronic pancreatis and pancreatic carcinoma in the elderly]. 1598 40

In childhood and adolescence, migraine is the main primary headache. This diagnosis is largely underestimated and misdiagnosed in the pediatric population. Because of the lack of specific biologic markers, specific investigation tools or brain imaging techniques, these clinical entities are too often considered to be a psychological illness. Migraine is a severe headache evolving by stereotyped attacks associated with marked digestive symptoms (nausea and vomiting); throbbing pain and sensitivity to sound or light are common symptoms; the attack is sometimes preceded by a visual or sensory aura. During attacks, pain intensity is severe; most of the children have to lie down. Abdominal pain is frequently associated, rest brings relief and sleep often ends the attack. The prevalence of migraine varies between 5 percent and 10 percent in childhood. In children, the duration of the headache is quite often shorter than in adults; it is more often frontal and bilateral (2/3 of cases) than one-sided. Migraine is a disabling illness: children with migraine miss more school days in a school year than their matched controls. Migraine episodes are frequently triggered by several factors: emotional stress (school pressure, vexation, excitement: upset), hypoglycemia, lack of sleep or excess (week end migraine), sensorial stimulation (loud noise, bright light, strong odor, heat or cold...), sympathetic stimulation (sports, physical exercise). Treatment must be given early at onset of attacks; oral ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) is recommended. If the oral route in not available because of nausea or vomiting, the rectal or nasal routes can be used. Triptan can be prescribed (body weight above 30 kg) when NSAID (prescribed at right dose and time) fail to abort the attack. Non-drug treatments (relaxation training, self hypnosis, biofeedback) have shown to have good efficacy as prophylactic measures. Daily prophylactic drug treatments are prescribed in second line after failure of non-drug treatment.
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PMID:[Migraine in childhood]. 1614 60

Pregnant Sudanese women who presented at a hospital in eastern Sudan with chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria were randomly allocated to one of two quinine regimens: low-dose (10 mg/kg 2 times/day) (18 patients) or standard (10 mg/kg 3 times/day) (24 patients). Treatment was for 7 days and follow-up for 28 days. Significantly fewer patients in the low-dose group reported vomiting and abdominal pain than the standard regimen group. Hypoglycaemia, preterm labour and recrudescence were slightly but not significantly higher in patients in the standard group than low-dose group. There were no significant differences between the groups in the mean time from admission to remission of fever and parasite clearance. We tentatively advocate the use of quinine 2 times/day to reduce side-effects and improve compliance.
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PMID:Low-dose quinine for treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Sudanese pregnant women. 1633 46

Conservative therapy is applied to various extent in all subjects with chronic pancreatitis. It includes removal of the provoking agent (most frequently alcohol abuse and biliary disease), dietary regimen, treatment of pain, maldigestion, and diabetes. Removal of the provoking agent prevents progression of the disease and relieves intensity of the main symptoms, particularly of pain. Diet in remission should include approximately 1g of protein/kg body mass. Fat intake should be encouraged within limits of individual tolerance. With low caloric intake carbohydrates should be enriched up to 65 - 70% of total energy intake. Abdominal pain may be due to a complication or to the underlying disease itself. For this reason one approach cannot be effective in all subjects. Conservative methods represent the first line of pain therapy. They include alcohol withdrawal, analgesics, narcotics and negative trypsin-induced feedback control of pancreatic secretion. Pancreatin medication is the cornerstone of maldigestion therapy. This is indicated with weight loss and/or symptoms associated with steatorrhea or with 15 - 20 g stool fat/day without additional symptoms. The effect may be evaluated by increase of body mass, decrease of loose stools and by markers of the nutritional status. Adequate replacement therapy with pancreatic enzymes influences also elaboration and secretion of some gastrointestinal hormones. The appearance of secondary diabetes makes abstinence from alcohol again mandatory. Food intake should be divided into 5 - 6 daily doses and adequate enzyme replacement should be applied. Peroral antidiabetics may be considered at the early stage, but many of these patients ultimately require insulin therapy. Its dosage should be adjusted to glucose urinary losses rather than to adhere to tight normoglycemia because of the increased risk of hypoglycemia. The therapeutic options in chronic pancreatitis may stabilize the disease and prevent its progression. The patients may be at the best asymptomatic, but not cured.
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PMID:[Conservative therapy of chronic pancreatitis]. 1673 30

A 24-year-old man was admitted at the emergency department with a lower quadrant abdominal pain and a slight hypoglycaemia. Abdominal ultrasonography showed the presence of a fluid peritoneal collection and a 3.2 x 2.5 cm hypoisoechogenic mass closed to the left iliac vessels with an echo-color-Doppler pattern similar to that of a hamartoma. CT examination confirmed the hypothesis of a vascular tumour. Although an abdominal angiography added no new information to establish a preoperative diagnosis, it showed a well vascularized mass. The patient underwent laparoscopy that revealed a bleeding mass of the great omentum. Laparoscopic stapled resection of the greater omentum was carried out. The solid lesion consisted of spindle-shaped cells, but no atypical cells were observed. The histological findings were diagnostic of a benign solitary fibrous tumor, an extremely rare neoplasm for a long time considered to be an exclusively thoracic lesion. This is the first case of a solitary fibrous tumor presenting as haemoperitoneum and the first time it was removed laparoscopically. The patient is disease-free at the 2-year follow-up.
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PMID:Laparoscopic treatment of a solitary fibrous tumor of the greater omentum presenting as spontaneous haemoperitoneum. 1713 67

A 32-year-old man who had undergone kidney transplantation presented with malaise, severe diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, productive cough and shortness of breath. A 42-year-old woman with no relevant medical history presented with fever, weight loss and abdominal pain. Both patients had lactic acidosis and hypoglycaemia. Initially, the hyperlactataemia was thought to result from tissue hypoxia (sepsis) but it persisted after correction of the hypovolaemia; therefore, alternative causes were considered. Both patients were found to have T-cell lymphoma with liver infiltration. The male patient died before treatment could be initiated. The lactic acidosis resolved in the female patient following lymphoma treatment, but she died subsequently from the lymphoma. Lymphoreticular malignancies should be considered for cases of lactic acidosis with sufficient oxygen supply, particularly when hypoglycaemia is also present. The lactic acidosis and hypoglycaemia result from increased anaerobic glycolysis in tumour cells. Tumour reduction with chemotherapy can reduce the lactic acidosis.
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PMID:[Two patients with lactic acidosis and hypoglycaemia as initial presentation of a lymphoma]. 1722 91


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