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 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The findings of 152 patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism are reportedmthe purpose of the analysis was to find difference between the various clinical manifestations of the disease. Furthermore the occurrence of acute hyperparathyroid crisis in our series as well as in the literature are described. 65.8% of the patients were females, 34.2% were males. The leading symptom in 98 patients (group I) were kidney stones and in 23 patients (group II) cystic bone disease. Both manifestations of the disease occurred in only 7 patients (group III) and no symptoms related to the kidneys or to the bones occurred in 24 patients (group IV). Because of the difference of the clinical manifestations the additional data were analyzed for each group separately and compared with each other. There was no difference in the mean serum calcium levels for all four groups, however, patients of group I were on the average younger, the duration of the disease was longer and the weight of the parathyroid adenoma was lower compared to the other three groups, Data are presented regarding calcium excretion, phosphate clearance and tubular reabsorption of phosphate for each group. At operation single or multiple adenoma formation was present in 133 patients, whereas diffuse hyperplasia was found in 17 and carcinoma in 2 other patients. 46 of the adenomas were found in an atypical anatomical localisation. This observation is responsible for the many unsuccessful or second explorations of the neck; The weight of the adenomas varied between 0.1 and 23.5 g. The most difficult diagnosis was that of diffuse hyperplasia. The sucess of the surgical intervention was usually established in over 80% of the cases within 24 to 48 hours after the operation with a significant fall of serum calcium. There ist still no definite explanation for the variability of the clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid hormone determinations on larger numbers of patients are not yet published. The assumption, that different hormones or peptide fragments are reposible for the different action on bone and kidney is discussed; In our series of 152 patients acute hyperparathyroid crisis occurred eight times. Our findings are compared to the other well documented cases in the literature. Main symptoms were nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and different states of cerebral dysfunction. Most of the patients had calcium levels over 16 mg/100 ml. Partial renal insufficiency with elevated blood urea and phosphate retention was found in over 50% of the cases. Overall mortality of all cases with acute parathyroid crisis is 52.5%. The pathogenesis of acute hyperparathyroidism and the implications of high calcium levels are discussed. According to our own experience hypercalcenia can be controlled with an intensive therapeutic program and emergency operation for acute parathyroid crisis is no longer necessary.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparthyroidism. Analysis of 152 patients with special reference to acute life threatening complications (acute hyperparathyroidism)]. 20 39

Tthe findings of 150 patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism are reported. The purpose of the analysis was to find differences between the various clinical manifestations of the disease. Furthermore the occurrence of acute hyperparathyroid crisis in our series as well as in the literature are described. 65.8% of the patients were females, 34.2% were males. The leading symptom in 98 patients (group I) were kidney stones and in 23 patients (group II) cystic bone disease. Both manifestations of the disease occurred in only 7 patients (group III) and no symptoms related to the kidneys or to the bones occurred in 24 patients (group IV). Because of the difference of the clinical manifestations the additional data were analyzed for each group separately and compared with each other. There was no difference in the mean serum calcium levels for all four groups, however, patients of group I were on the average younger, the duration of the disease was longer and the weight of the parathyroid adenoma was lower compared to the other three groups. Data are presented regarding calcium excretion, phosphate clearance and tubular reabsorption of phosphate for each group. At operation single or multiple adenoma formation was present in 133 patients, whereas diffuse hyperplasia was found in 17 and carcinoma in 2 other patients. 46 of the adenomas were found in atypical anatomical localisation. This observation is responsible for the many unsuccessful or second explorations of the neck. The weight of the adenomas varied between 0.1 and 23.5 g. The most difficult diagnosis was that of diffuse hyperplasia. The success of the surgical intervention was usually established in over 80% of the cases within 24 to 48 hours after the operation with a significant fall of serum calcium. There is still no definite explanation for the variability of the clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid hormone determinations on larger numbers of patients are not yet published. The assumption, that different hormones or peptide fragments are responsible for the different action on bone and kidney is discussed. In our series of 152 patients acute hyperparathyroid crisis occurred eight times. Our findings are compared to the other well documented cases in the literature. Main symptoms were nausea, vomiting abdominal pain and different states of cerebral dysfunction. Most of the patients had calcium levels over 16 mg/100 ml. Partial renal insufficiency with elevated blood urea and phosphate retention was found in ov er 50% of the cases. Overall mortality of all cases with acute parathyroid crisis is 52.5%. The pathogenesis of acute hyperparathyroidism and the implications of high calcium levels are discussed. According to our own experience hypercalcemia can be controlled with an intensive therapeutic program and emergency operation for acute parathyroid crisis is no longer necessary.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism. An analysis of 152 patients with special references to acute life threatening complications (acute hyperparathyroidism)]. 79 28

Recently, the role and timing of surgery for treating secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) have been questioned. In order to delineate the indications for surgery in these patients, a retrospective analysis of 53 consecutive patients treated with parathyroidectomy was conducted. Subtotal thyroidectomy was done in 37 of 45 patients undergoing their initial operations for HPT. Eight additional patients were referred after failed operations. Of 33 patients with preoperative bone pain, 70% improved. Joint pain improved in 87% of 30 patients, pruritus improved in 81% of 27 patients, and preoperative malaise improved in 73% of 33 patients after parathyroidectomy. Abdominal pain and irritated eyes were unlikely to improve. The best predictors of a successful outcome were a markedly elevated preoperative immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (mid-region) level and an elevated alkaline phosphatase level. There were no perioperative deaths. One patient (1.6%) had a recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and one patient required reoperation for a neck hematoma. No patient had permanent hypoparathyroidism, but transient hypocalcemia (less than 7 mg/dL) occurred in 22%. Postoperative hypocalcemia correlated with elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase levels (r2 = 0.247).
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PMID:Results of surgical treatment for hyperparathyroidism associated with renal disease. 222 Dec 30

In 1947, a patient with metastatic islet cell tumor was treated for intractable ulcer disease at the University of Chicago Medical Center. Eight years later, in retrospect, it was recognized that he and another patient had the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZE). From 1947 until the present, 30 patients with the ZE syndrome have been treated at this institution. Twenty-one (70%) were male and 9 (30%) were female. Their ages ranged from 24 to 76 years. Most (79%) had abdominal pain, however, melena (42%), hematemesis (33%), and severe diarrhea (35%) were prominent as well. Symptoms were present for a mean of 5.8 years before diagnosis. Over their entire clinical course, duodenal ulcers occurred in 96% of patients, gastric ulcers in 24%, jejunal ulcers in 29%, esophageal ulcers in 6%, and stomal ulcerations in 58%. Eleven (38%) of all gastrinomas were proved to occur in the duodenum; 10 (34%) were pancreatic in origin, including 3 with the MEN I syndrome; 3 (10%) were extrapancreatic and extraduodenal in origin, and no tumor was found in 5 (17%). Each of the 3 patients with MEN I developed a proven pancreatic islet cell carcinoma with metastases as well as hyperparathyroidism and a pituitary lesion. Of 27 patients who were explored for gastrinoma, tumor was found in 20 (74%). Excluding patients with MEN who had multiple lesions throughout the pancreas, all tumors were found in the "gastrinoma triangle." Total gastrectomy was performed in 10 (37%) of 27 of all patients who were explored, in 5 (71%) of 7 when no tumor was found, and in only 5 (25%) of 20 when tumor was present. Operative mortality was 15% (4 of 27) but no death has occurred since 1974. Long-term survival has followed both tumor resection or total gastrectomy in selected individuals (including 1 patient with known multiple liver metastases who is alive 18 years after liver biopsy and total gastrectomy); however, since malignant gastrinomas were present in 46% of all patients (or 57% in whom tumor was found) and since local metastases can sometimes be removed, we favor an aggressive approach to localization and resection when liver metastases or other distant metastases are not found. Duodenal gastrinomas are particularly favorable for resection for cure. They were malignant in only 36% and their metastases were nodal in each of 4 cases. The major problem is finding them since they are often small and "occult."(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Gastrinomas: a 42-year experience. 236 40

A patient with hypercalcemia and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma developed acute pancreatitis. Other etiologic factors for pancreatitis were excluded. Hypercalcemia secondary to hyperparathyroidism is associated with acute pancreatitis. In English literature, only one other case has been published where the hypercalcemia of multiple myeloma may have caused pancreatitis. Pancreatitis should be considered in patients with hypercalcemia and multiple myeloma who develop nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis in a case of multiple myeloma with hypercalcemia. 248 50

A 12-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with signs of an acute abdomen with paralytic ileus. The previous and family history were without abnormalities. Abdominal pain and vomiting had started two days earlier. On palpation the swollen abdomen was painful and there was an increased tension in the left upper part. The clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was confirmed by an increased serum level of lipase (4480 U/l). Clinical chemical investigations further revealed a permanent hypercalcemia in the range of 6.4 to 8.3 mval/l. This, together with concomitantly reduced levels of serum phosphate and a threefold increased level of parathyroid hormone (343 pg/ml, upper limit of reference = 100 pg/ml) were consistent with a hyperparathyroidism. In fact, sonography of the cervical organs revealed a solitary adenoma of the parathyroid glands. After surgery serum levels of calcium returned to normal. Hypercalcemia as a consequence of primary hyperparathyroidism has to be included in the differential diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in childhood.
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PMID:[Acute pancreatitis as an initial manifestation of hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism in childhood]. 265 77

Over a period of 42 years, 581 patients with presumed hyperparathyroidism underwent an initial cervical exploration. Abnormal parathyroid glands were removed from 495 patients (85.2%). There was a greater probability of operative success in women, patients over 50 years of age, and patients with hypercalcemia, hypertension, or nonspecific abdominal pain. There was no association of operative outcome with some of the "classic" manifestations of hyperparathyroidism--peptic ulcer disease, neuropsychiatric symptoms, pancreatitis, bone disease, or urolithiasis. The probability of surgical success improved with time, increasing from 56 per cent in the 1950s to 97 per cent in the present decade. This improvement appears to be related to greater operative experience, since all four parathyroid glands were more likely to be found with increased experience, and there was a strong correlation between finding four parathyroids and achieving persistent normocalcemia. The most common causes of operative failure were inaccurate calcium assays (the patient was not truly hypercalcemic), an inappropriate diagnosis ("normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism"), and surgical inexperience. These three factors accounted for at least three fourths of all negative explorations. More accurate diagnostic studies, and careful exploration by an experienced surgeon should maximize the probability of a successful operation for primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Causes of the failed cervical exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism. 341 98

The case of a 11 year old boy with medullary sponge Kidney and nephrolithiasis discovered because of abdominal pain is described. Functional tubular impairment (concentrating defect, distal tubular acidosis) was present. No hypercalciuria nor hyperparathyroidism was detected. The diagnosis of medullary sponge Kidney was confirmed histopathologically. The pediatric cases described in the literature are characterized by a higher incidence of concentrating defect and acidosis, while the adults subjects often show hypercalciuria and or hyperparathyroidism. The careful study of tubular functions in the pediatric cases appears to be very useful to understand which are primary tubular disturbances and which are only secondary.
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PMID:[Medullary sponge kidney. Description of a pediatric case]. 378 97

The authors report 17 personal cases of lithiasis of the upper urinary tract discovered in the course of pregnancy. They discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic problems, taking into account the double risk of mother and foetus. The essential diagnostic sign is renal colic, with or without fever. Spontaneous excretion of these calculi is possible, but in 8 of the 17 cases, a ureteric catheter had to be passed or an operation was required. Neither the delivery nor the health of the infants delivered seemed to be harmed by this renal calculi disease. The authors recall that the most common cause of non-obstetrical abdominal pain in the course of pregnancy is in fact urinary calculi. The incidence is about 1 cases of lithiasis per 1,000 pregnancies. It appear that a physiological hyperparathyroidism of pregnancy is responsible for a hypercalciuria which could be a factor favouring the development of lithiasis during pregnancy. The important point is to know how to distinguish those forms of pyelonephritis of pregnancy which are due to a stone obstructing the upper urinary tract, as any purulent retention in the upper tract can lead to a pyonephrosis, a bacteraemia or even a septicaemia. The presence of the foetus makes interpretation of a plain abdominal film difficult. In any case, its indication is questionable, whenever the urine is septic, particularly with Proteus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Lithiasis of the upper urinary tract and pregnancy]. 663 Oct 37

The case reported concerns a 13 year-old girl presenting with a palpable parathyroid adenoma. Impairment of general condition, weight loss and abdominal pain were the presenting symptoms. Surgical excision of the adenoma led to recovery. The main clinical and laboratory signs of tumoral hyperparathyroidism are reviewed, the misleading character of the presenting symptoms being emphasized.
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PMID:[Parathyroid adenoma in children. A new case]. 667 83


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