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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper focuses on recent developments in the areas of mode of action and clinical efficacy of mebendazole use since its introduction in 1974. Mebendazole blocks glucose uptake by adult intestinal-dwelling nematodes and cestodes and their tissue-dwelling larvae. The drug's poor absorption does not appear to affect clinical efficacy except in the treatment of systemic helminth infections. Mebendazole has been found to be ovicidal for the eggs of roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm with the disadvantages of cost and long duration of therapy; it is also considered the best drug for the treatment of trichuriasis. Among its nonapproved uses, it shows promise in the treatment of capillariasis and hydatid disease. Further investigation is needed to establish its role in the treatment of taeniasis, Hymenolepsis nana, Strongyloidiasis, Trichinosis, and Dipetalonema perstans. Side effects such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and dizziness have been reported on rare occasions.
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PMID:Mebendazole. 48 64

An unusual outbreak of hookworm disease occurred after a game of "kabaddi" (a local game which results in much body contact with the ground) in 27 young males from one village. It was characterized by an immediate incapacitating dermatitis, followed by severe pulmonary symptoms. Progressive weakness, abdominal pain, weight loss and anemia developed within a few months. Ancylostoma duodenale was found in all except four patients who had received antihelminthic treatment. Specific treatment for hookworm resulted in complete clinical recovery. Features of the outbreak were: 1) the hitherto unrecorded mode of infection; 2) severe dermatitis; 3) pulmonary symptoms lasting more than 3 mo; 4) abdominal symptoms suggestive of subacute obstruction starting 4-6 mo after exposure; and 5) severe disability with weight loss for a period of 1 yr until specific treatment was administered.
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PMID:An unusual outbreak of hookworm disease in North India. 62 80

A series of children's deaths at a Cambodian refugee camp in Thailand prompted an investigation of children suffering from bloody diarrhoea and severe abdominal pain. Microscopical stool and blood examinations of 15 cases aged 1-7 years revealed hyperinfective strongyloidiasis as the cause of illness. Nine of 14 cases were infected wtih Strongyloides stercoralis, and 6 (42%) had concurrent infection with hookworm. Examination of 958 outpatients at the camp's daily clinic showed that mixed infections of S. stercoralis and hookworm were present in only 4.8% of the outpatients of the same age group.
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PMID:Strongyloidiasis on the Thai-Cambodian border. 823 15

An imported case of rectal hookworm infection was diagnosed by stool examination and recovery of adult worms from the rectal mucosa by sigmoidoscopy. The chief complaints of a patient were diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss for about 1 month after returning from his travel abroad to the Southeast Asia. Leukocytosis(16,750/microliters) and peripheral eosinophilia(33.7%) were noticed without anemia. Typical hookworm eggs were detected by stool examination, and 3 worms were collected by sigmoidoscopy from rectal mucosa of this patient. Those worms were confirmed as adult worms of Ancylostoma duodenale(male:1, female:2) based on their morphological characteristics. The symptoms were relieved after treatment with anthelmintics. This case was considered as one of the imported parasitic infections in Korea, and a rare case of hookworm infection on human rectal mucosa.
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PMID:[An imported human case of hookworm infection with worms in the rectum]. 157 14

A prospective study of 41 patients (24 male and 17 female) aged over 40 years with iron deficiency anemia and hookworm infection was performed by endoscopy and barium enema to determine the incidence of GI lesions. Alcohol ingestion, smoking, abdominal pain, anorexia, loss in weight, bowel habit change, analgesic consumption and stool occult blood test were analyzed for their positive predictive value of GI lesions. The mean age of the patients was 62.8 years (SD = 10.1). The mean hemoglobin was 5.99 gm.% (SD = 1.9). Twenty patients (48.8%) had GI lesions. The lesions included 10 erosive gastritis, 1 erosive duodenitis, 5 gastric ulcers, 2 duodenal ulcers, 1 carcinoma of stomach and 1 carcinoma of colon. Gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and carcinoma were regarded as significant lesions. Abdominal pain was found in 16 of the 20 patients with GI lesions and 8 of the 21 without GI lesion (Chi square with Yate's correction, x2 = 5.78 p = 0.02). Four of the 17 patients without pain had GI lesions but only one of these 4 (5.8%) had gastric ulcer. Abdominal pain had an 80% sensitivity and 62% specificity for the positive prediction of GI lesions based on the above findings. GI investigation is recommended for all patients with abdominal pain. In those without pain, treatment of hookworm and iron therapy with follow-up may be justified.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal lesions in patients over 40 years of age with iron deficiency anemia and hookworm infection. 209 22

During 1983, a multinational military intervention took place on Grenada. After deployment, troops from several U.S. Army units noted signs and symptoms consistent with soil-transmitted helminthic infection. Of 684 soldiers screened five to seven weeks post-deployment, over 20% reported abdominal pain and/or diarrhea during or after the action. Eosinophilia of at least 10% was observed in 119 (22.5%) of 529 soldiers evaluated further; eosinophilia of 5-9% was documented in another 126 (23.8%) of the 529 soldiers. Stool examinations confirmed hookworm infection in 35 soldiers. One case of strongyloidiasis was also documented. Infection was attributed to ground exposure near homes with compromised sanitation. Units that joined the operation after the initial assault phase were at low risk of hookworm infection.
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PMID:An outbreak of hookworm infection associated with military operations in Grenada. 249 77

Standardised household interviews among adults and children, open-ended questionnaires, and clinical examinations administered during cross-sectional health status surveys, as well as the registers of village health posts (VHP), were used to assess the pattern of health problems of a rural community in southeastern Tanzania, and their results compared. All four approaches gave very similar results for the two major health problems (fever/malaria and abdominal pain or discomfort) which were mentioned by both children and adults. The parasitological data from the cross-sectional surveys also revealed hyperendemic P. falciparum malaria and a high prevalence and incidence for infections with hookworm (N. americanus), Strongyloides, and G. lamblia. However besides consistently revealing the two major health problems, each approach showed a distinct pattern for the additional health problems: household interviews and open-ended questionnaires resulted in a higher ranking of problems that had not yet been solved by the health care facilities available in the community at the time of the interview. This view was further biased by the fact that the interviews were done by people representing the health professionals. The statistics from the registers of VHP clearly reflected the types of treatment provided by this service. Malnutrition and various eye problems only became evident during the clinical examination of the population. However, the clinical examination did not identify the importance of the abdominal problems in the community. The cross-sectional survey (questionnaires, clinical examination) chiefly showed the health problems affecting the population around the time of the surveys (end of the dry season). Interestingly, the registers of the VHP did not show marked seasonal variations in the morbidity statistics for this community. Both questionnaire approaches and the registers of VHP showed a change in both the morbidity and the disease perception pattern that may reflect the effects of interventions launched at community level (activities of village health workers, mass-treatment against hookworm and G. lamblia). The study indicated that the individual ranking of the major health problems matched with data from health status surveys. It also pointed to the possibility that disease perception patterns could become a tool for community diagnosis and for the monitoring of health care programs.
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PMID:Longitudinal study on the health status of children in a rural Tanzanian community: comparison of community-based clinical examinations, the diseases seen at village health posts and the perception of health problems by the population. 289 Dec 68

Thirty-three patients have been investigated in Townsville between 1983 and 1987 with eosinophilic enteritis. All were Caucasian and had been well prior to this illness. Twenty-six had similar presentations with episodic and transient abdominal pain often with features of small bowel obstruction. Four patients presented with pain and diarrhoea, two with chronic diarrhoea and one with recurrent melena. All patients at some stage during their illness developed high peripheral blood eosinophil counts, mean value 2096/mm3. Nine patients had laparotomies. The disease typically involved a short segment of ileum or jejunum with thickening and induration. The histology of the four resected specimens demonstrated a transmural inflammation with edema and an intense eosinophilic infiltrate. A solitary adult hookworm was identified in one patient adherent to the mucosa of the resected bowel. Each of the 19 patients treated with antihelminthic drugs responded promptly. Recovery was accompanied by a return to normal peripheral blood eosinophil counts. This paper reports an unusual form of eosinophilic enteritis thought due to a parasitic infection. The diagnosis should be considered in patients from North Queensland presenting with abdominal pain and eosinophilia. Laparotomy should be delayed pending a trial of conservative therapy with mebendazole.
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PMID:Eosinophilic enteritis--a recent north Queensland experience. 325 Apr 8

Five normal human volunteers were exposed to approximately 50 infective larvae of Necator americanus and were observed for the development of clinical signs or symptoms and for changes in blood eosinophil levels, IgG antibody titers, total and parasite-specific IgE, and lymphocyte blastogenic responses for 6-10 weeks. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on four subjects prior to infection and at times when larval migration through the pulmonary tree was likely. Eggs were demonstrated in the stools of four volunteers who remained untreated for more than 6 weeks; one volunteer had to be treated at day 40 because of severe gastrointestinal symptoms. All others also complained of abdominal pain and flatulence between days 35-40. All volunteers developed marked blood eosinophilia which peaked between days 38-64 and ranged from 1,350-3,828 eosinophils/mm3. Small increases in total and parasite-specific IgE and IgG were noted in some volunteers. One volunteer showed a significant lymphocyte blastogenic response. With the exception of mucosal erythema, bronchoalveolar lavage results were unremarkable. Our data indicate that a single small inoculum of hookworm larvae is capable of producing significant transient gastrointestinal morbidity and marked blood eosinophilia but does not induce other prominent T cell- and B cell-dependent immune responses.
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PMID:The clinical and immunologic responses of normal human volunteers to low dose hookworm (Necator americanus) infection. 360 93

Ancylostoma caninum, the cosmopolitan canine hookworm prevalent in domestic pets throughout northeastern Australia, has been identified as a cause of obscure abdominal pain. To investigate the influence of climate on putative and confirmed human infections, a retrospective study of patients with eosinophilic enteritis and established infections was undertaken to identify the monthly and seasonal rates. The numbers seen each month were maintained throughout most of the year but decreased in June and remained low during winter. An increased rate of enteritis occurred during spring, which preceded the wet season. It is concluded that climate directly influences the rate of human enteric infection by canine hookworms. The increase in prevalence before the monsoon season was unexpected and suggests other influences, such as extraneous infection promoted by the irrigation of domestic gardens and possibly endogenous reinfection of the gut by hypobiotic larvae.
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PMID:Seasonal influence on human enteric infection by Ancylostoma caninum. 767 17


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