Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a common opportunistic infection in people with HIV. It causes fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, diarrhea and abdominal pain, and the bacteria that causes it is found everywhere. Medicines can be given to strengthen the immune system and increase resistance to MAC. Patients need to consult with their doctors and follow their medical regimens to prevent MAC.
 ...
PMID:Don't have a MAC attack. How to fight AIDS-related MAC. National Institutes of Health. 1136 37

A report is presented of a 48-year-old gay man, HIV-positive for 7 years, who came to the emergency room due to six hours of abdominal pain accompanied by anorexia, nausea, and dry heaves. Initial examination and laboratory tests showed nonspecific bowel gas, and the patient was discharged with instructions to use an enema at home for constipation. After worsening of symptoms, a private physician diagnosed acute abdomen with surgical consultation. A jejunal perforation secondary to B-cell Hodgkin's lymphoma was diagnosed and the patient was treated with low-dose CHOP (cytoxan, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone) for four cycles and had his antiretroviral regimen changed.
 ...
PMID:Acute abdomen in an HIV-positive man. 1136 99

For the second time, an Ohio appeals court reversed a lower court ruling for rejecting a claim that a surgeon denied care to a patient solely because of his HIV status. The patient, [name removed], visited the emergency room at Southern Ohio Medical Center complaining of severe abdominal pain. Dr. [name removed] [name removed] refused to treat him and [name removed] was transferred 120 miles to another hospital at his own expense. [Name removed] did not examine [name removed] sued the doctor and U.S. Health Corp. of Southern Ohio, owner of the clinic, for medical malpractice, infliction of emotional distress, and discrimination. In both cases, the appeals court found that Judge Howard Harcha erred. There were also issues with depositions and testimony, and the case has been returned to Judge Harcha for further proceedings. The defense has been ordered to pay [name removed]'s expenses for the appeal.
 ...
PMID:HIV bias suit returned to judge who twice rejected it. 1136 16

Azithromycin (Zithromax) has been used to treat a number of infections, including mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). A study using Azithromycin to prevent MAC shows the drug's effectiveness in reducing the outbreak of MAC and also protecting from other infections, including PCP. This study involved 180 HIV-positive subjects, of which 89 received 1200 mg of Azithromycin once a week, and 91 received a placebo once a week. Fifteen percent of the treated subjects developed MAC infections compared to 30 percent of the placebo group. In addition, more subjects taking the placebo developed PCP than subjects taking the Azithromycin. Diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain were the most common side effects from Azithromycin.
 ...
PMID:Azithro once a week for MAC. 1136 25

We report three cases of hepatic steatosis associated with lactic acidosis occurring in HIV positive patients and due to a toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogues. The clinico-pathological presentation was similar associating digestive signs (vomiting and abdominal pain), polypnea, lactic acidosis, a lethal clinical course, and an hepatomegaly with a diffuse macrovacuolar steatosis. The ultrastructural study performed in two cases showed mitochondrial alterations in hepatocytes. The toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogues is due to a mitochondrial DNA polymerase inhibition. The incidence of this disease is actually low but probably underestimated. The diagnosis should be rapidly performed and the treatment immediatly interrupted.
 ...
PMID:[A rare etiology of hepatic steatosis associated with lactic acidosis: the toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogues]. 1137 88

The objective of the present study was to ascertain the clinical features, risk factors, microbiologic spectrum and course of disease after treatment of infections by environmental mycobacteria (EM) in patients with and without HIV infection in our community. Eighty-eight patients with diseases caused by EM diagnosed between 1989 and 1997 were studied; 46 (52.7%) were HIV-positive. Mycobacterium kansasii was the most prevalent pathogen (54%) overall, followed by M. avium complex (40%). However, M. avium complex was most prevalent among HIV-positive patients (61%) and M. kansasii was most prevalent among HIV-negative patients (76%). Localized lung infections were most common among HIV-negative patients, whereas 74% of HIV-positive patients had disseminated disease. Among HIV-negative patients, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and corticosteroid use were common associations. Pulmonary disease was subacute and non-specific in both patient groups, whereas abdominal pain was the first symptom of most patients with disseminated disease. On the chest films of 76% of the HIV-negative patients, we observed cavitation and infiltrates; 60% of HIV-negative patients had normal x-rays. No differences in antibiotic sensitivity were observed between strains from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. The prognosis was good in the HIV-negative group with combined therapy with 2 to 4 first-line antituberculous drugs, whereas response was poor in HIV-positive patients in spite of prolonged treatment with 3 to 5 drugs. Nevertheless, thanks to the highly effective anti-retroviral treatment of recent years, we seem to be observing improved response to therapy with less aggressive forms of EM disease.
 ...
PMID:[Environmental mycobacterial diseases in patients with and without HIV infection: epidemiology and clinical course]. 1141 26

A 34-year-old man from Nigeria who had resided permanently in the Netherlands for five years had experienced fever, upper abdominal pain and weight loss for several months. He did not give the impression of being ill. A CT scan gave cause to suspect pancreatitis. An HIV test gave a positive result. Puncture of the accumulated fluid around the pancreas led to the diagnosis 'tuberculosis' (infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Once the patient had made a good recovery with antituberculosis therapy, antiretroviral therapy was initiated, whereupon the number of CD4+ cells in the blood increased. Extrapulmonal tuberculosis is not unusual in HIV seropositive patients from countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. However, in such patients isolated tuberculosis of the pancreas is unusual and has not previously been described in the Netherlands. The diagnosis can be established following a CT guided puncture; tuberculosis is instantly suspected if the Ziehl-Neelsen stains are positive and the diagnosis can then be confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and by culturing. Anti-retroviral therapy is withheld until response to anti-tuberculosis treatment is satisfactory.
 ...
PMID:[Tuberculosis of the pancreas in a HIV-seropositive patient]. 1143 66

A substantial body of evidence provides support (but not definitive proof of efficacy) for the use of antiretroviral agents as postexposure prophylaxis for occupational exposures to HIV in the healthcare workplace. Despite the lack of definitive evidence of the efficacy of these agents in this setting, over the past decade this intervention has become the standard of care for healthcare workers who sustain occupational exposures to HIV. Administration of these agents--even for a relatively short 28-day postexposure course--is often fraught with difficulty. All of the agents currently used for postexposure prophylaxis regimens have substantial adverse effects, and significant adverse effects occur in more than two-thirds of individuals electing prophylaxis. This manuscript reiterates current US Federal Government guidelines for the administration of postexposure prophylaxis, specifically noting that zidovudine plus lamivudine (with or without a protease inhibitor) remains the recommended regimen. The paper summarises the significant toxicities associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (primarily nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and bone marrow suppression), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (rash, fever, gastrointestinal symptoms and hepatitis, including hepatic decompensation necessitating liver transplantation) and protease inhibitors (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, headache and anorexia). As a class, the antiretroviral agents have an extraordinary number of drug interactions. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and the protease inhibitors are metabolised through the cytochrome P450 pathway, and the effects of concomitant administration of protease inhibitors with other agents in the same class are discussed, as well as the effects of concomitant administration of protease inhibitors with non-nucleoside agents. The potential for numerous and medically risky drug interactions emphasises the importance of planning antiretroviral prophylaxis in consultation with practitioners or clinical pharmacists who are skilled in the use of these agents and knowledgeable about the potential for significant drug interactions that could either reduce the benefit of prophylaxis or increase the potential for toxicity. Another common problem encountered by individuals managing postexposure prophylaxis programmes relates to the administration of chemoprophylaxis to a pregnant healthcare worker who has sustained an occupational exposure to HIV. We address what is known about the potential for toxicity and emphasise the recently published warning concerning the deaths of pregnant women and their offspring from lactic acidosis while receiving regimens containing stavudine and didanosine.
 ...
PMID:Tolerability of postexposure antiretroviral prophylaxis for occupational exposures to HIV. 1148 Apr 91

The primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), commonly described in patients with AIDS, is a unique subset of diffuse large cell lymphoma in which the malignant lymphocytes proliferate exclusively in serous cavities. The cytologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of PEL are presented from findings of 2 patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus who presented with abdominal pain. Abdominal radiography in both patients displayed marked peritoneal effusions. Cytomorphologic examination of peritoneal fluid revealed a malignant lymphoma in both. Their immunophenotypic expression was CD30 (Ki-1) and epithelial membrane antigen. Molecular analysis demonstrated human herpesvirus 8 DNA in both patients and bcl-2 oncogene rearrangement within the major breakpoint region of t(14;18) chromosome translocation in Case B only. Clinical correlation supports the current concept that PEL represents a primary HIV/AIDS-related lymphoma in effusion. Cytomorphologic examination of body cavity fluid serves as a tool for the initial diagnosis of PEL.
 ...
PMID:Primary effusion lymphoma with herpesvirus 8 DNA in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus: a report of 2 cases. 1157 Feb 67

Septicaemia caused by Aeromonas species is a life-threatening condition, arising primarily in immunocompromised patients, which has rarely been reported in Scandinavia. Herein we describe 3 cases of Aeromonas sobria bacteraemia from Denmark. All the patients were male and all 3 cases occurred during the summer. Two patients had acute leukaemia and HIV infection, respectively, while the third patient had colorectal cancer diagnosed several years later. The clinical presentation in all patients was chest and/or abdominal pain with fever developing into sepsis without any known infectious focus. All patients responded well to antibiotic therapy.
 ...
PMID:Three cases of bacteraemia caused by Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria. 1166 36


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10