Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute graft-versus-host disease denotes a distinctive syndrome characterized by a triad of dermatitis (rash), hepatitis (jaundice), and gastroenteritis (abdominal pain, diarrhea) developing in the first 100 days after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Chronic graft-versus-host disease designates a more diverse syndrome, usually presenting with multiorgan involvement and commonly developing 100 days after hematopoietic cell transplantation. This article discusses the pathophysiology, incidence and predictive factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and grading, prevention, and treatment for both types of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Pathophysiology and treatment of graft-versus-host disease. 1055 63

A 61-year-old man presented with diffuse abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and fever. On the initial diagnosis of gastroenteritis the patient received the antibiotic ofloxacine for one week. On admission plain abdominal radiograph suggested a mechanic intestinal obstruction. In computed tomography a conglomerate tumor in the ileocecal region was seen and the patient underwent laparotomy. The conglomerate tumor was mobilized and an abscess opened, which was caused by a perforated appendicitis. After the operation the patient improved immediately and had an uneventful postoperative course. He was released and did not suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms the following 16 months of follow-up. The present case shall set forth that perforated appendicitis can clinically present as intestinal obstruction. Although a rare complication, perforated appendicitis should therefore even be considered in cases of mechanic intestinal obstruction of unknown cause.
 ...
PMID:Mechanic intestinal obstruction--a possible presentation of perforated appendicitis. 1068 46

During an outbreak of acute Salmonella braenderup gastroenteritis we performed a standardised interview encompassing questions on clinical symptoms in 156 (127 adults and 29 children) of 215 identified patients. Sequential stool cultures were obtained for up to five months in these 156 cases. We restricted the analysis to the 122 patients with at least 3 or more available cultures. They were treated with a fluoroquinolone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or not treated with antibiotics, according to the decision of the practitioners. For this reason, a randomised double blind study was not possible. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the prescribed drugs were measured for representative isolates before and after treatment. The most frequent symptoms were diarrhoea (98%) and abdominal pain (96%). Vomiting occurred in 43% of cases. Children were more severely ill. Seven weeks after acute gastroenteritis, stool cultures were still positive for salmonella in 71% of the 22 children and 30% of the 100 adults examined (p < 0.002). This rate decreased progressively in both groups to 5 and 3% respectively at 20 weeks (n.s.). Among adults, no significant difference in enteric carriage over time could be demonstrated between untreated patients and those treated with either a fluoroquinolone or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MIC for salmonella isolates remained unchanged after treatment. In a cohort of patients infected with a single strain of salmonella, fluoroquinolone therapy of acute gastroenteritis failed to influence the duration of enteric carriage, despite continuing susceptibility of the strain. In children, the rate of clearance of Salmonella braenderup from stool was statistically lower until the tenth week after the acute disease, but there was no further difference after 5 months.
 ...
PMID:Clinical features and analysis of the duration of colonisation during an outbreak of Salmonella braenderup gastroenteritis. 1101 21

Enteric adenoviruses (EAds), including type 40 (Ad40) and 41 (Ad41), can cause acute and severe diarrhea in young children. To delineate the epidemiological features of pediatric EAds infection in Taiwan, we conducted a retrospective study of all cases of EAds gastroenteritis in children treated at National Taiwan University Hospital for the period from July 1993 to December 1997. Stool samples were tested for the presence of Ad40 or Ad41 by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A total of 64 cases of EAds infection in 63 children aged from 8 days to 81 months old with a median age of 9.5 months treated during the study period were identified. The male-to-female ratio was 1.63 (39/24). No obvious seasonal clustering of EAds cases was noted. Most patients (76.6%) were infected before the age of 2 years. Clinical features included diarrhea (96.9%), fever (54.7%), vomiting (45.3%), mild dehydration (43.8%), symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (21.9%), and abdominal pain (12.5%). Analysis of fecal samples in patients with diarrhea showed watery diarrhea in 72.2%, diarrhea with mucus in 20%, diarrhea with blood in 3.1% and diarrhea with mucus and blood in 1.6 % of all patients. Nearly one-half (43.5%) of the patients had diarrhea for more than 7 days. Thirty-seven patients (57.8%) were hospitalized due to gastroenteritis or other unrelated diseases, and 11 patients (17.2%) acquired enteric adenovirus infection during hospitalization for other underlying disease. Twelve patients (18.8%) had mixed infections, which included rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Salmonella species. There were no deaths in this series. The findings of this study suggest that EAds are important etiologic microbes of pediatric gastroenteritis.
 ...
PMID:Enteric adenovirus infection in children in Taipei. 1104 81

Observing pediatric patients in an OU (whether a pediatric or combined or hybrid unit) has many advantages: better patient care, a decrease in missed diagnoses and acuity, better risk management, decreased malpractice liability, cost effectiveness, increased patient and family satisfaction, and psychosocial benefits. Key principles of observation medicine (purpose, time frame, general patient inclusion and exclusion criteria, administration, CQI, and so forth) are equivalent for pediatric and adult observation patients, but there are important differences. Unique characteristics of pediatric observation patients include specific diagnosis, decreased length of stay, less need for cardiac monitoring, a highly variable admission rate, and a decreased percentage or admission rate to the OU from the ED. Whereas the adult OU is primarily a cardiac-monitoring unit, the pediatric OU is a respiratory and infectious disease unit with a frequent need for an i.v. therapy and hydration. Types of pediatric patients commonly treated in an OU include respiratory illnesses (asthma, croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia), gastrointestinal disorders (gastroenteritis, abdominal pain), dehydration, infections (fever, cellulitis, lymphangitis, pyelonephritis or UTI), overdoses or poisonings, and seizures.
 ...
PMID:Pediatric observation medicine. 1121 2

Plesiomonas shigelloides is often regarded as a non-pathogenic bacterial species that is occasionally isolated from patients with diarrhoea. However, a review of travellers returning to Japan with diarrhoeal illness through Kansai Airport revealed that the incidence of P. shigelloides from microbiologically confirmed cases increased from 23.2% in 1987 to 77.8% in 1999. We carried out a descriptive epidemiological study to identify patterns associated with diarrhoea due to this organism. Selected P. shigelloides isolates from this patient group were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of SpeI total chromosomal DNA digests to determine their genetic heterogeneity. Over the study period (whole of 1996 and first 2 months of 1999), 1149 of 1659 (69.3%) patients with microbiologically confirmed gastroenteritis yielded P. shigelloides. Infection was characterized by watery diarrhoea five times per day that persisted for 3 days. No statistically significant association was found between factors such as age, gender, destination, length of trip, but multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed an association between additional symptoms (vomiting, fever, abdominal pain) age and gender. The molecular fingerprints of a selection of 39 isolates and 3 reference strains of P. shigelloides were highly variable and each had a unique profile. We conclude that although P. shigelloides infections are usually mild and self-limiting, this organism may contribute to a significant proportion of travellers' diarrhoea in the Orient. The species is characterized by great heterogeneity at the DNA level.
 ...
PMID:An epidemiological study of Plesiomonas shigelloides diarrhoea among Japanese travellers. 1121 2

Ciguatera fish poisoning has been responsible for as many as half of all food poisonings in the United States due to fish. Because the initial symptoms often include gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, patients may be discharged from the Emergency Department with a diagnosis of "acute gastroenteritis," only to return soon thereafter. This is a case report of such a patient who was evaluated and discharged only to subsequently return because of worsening of symptoms.
 ...
PMID:The transport of ciguatoxin: a case report. 1126 14

Neisseria meningitidis infection (meningococcemia) is very common throughout the world. It usually presents as meningitis or sometimes pharyngitis. A gastroenteritis-like syndrome, with diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain, may occur in children but is very rare in adults. Search of the medical literature revealed only 3 such cases, all in young adults. We report an 80-year-old woman who presented with fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Meningococcus infection was later suspected, and proved by culture. Although treatment was intensive and included ceftriaxone (Rocephin) and garamycin, she did not respond and died 40 hours after admission. We draw attention to the possibility that what is usually a common symptom can be the first presentation of a serious, often fatal condition.
 ...
PMID:[Fulminant meningococcemia presenting as a gastroenteritis-like syndrome]. 1141 36

Abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating, need to rush to the toilet, straining, feeling of incomplete bowel emptying and alternating periods of diarrhea and constipation is the clinical definition of the irritable bowel syndrome. The internationally used syndrome definition is based on expert opinions and answers to patient questionnaires. When symptoms are registered prospectively, abdominal pain starts or worsens after meals and is not relieved by defecation. As in the general population patients with the syndrome define diarrhea as loose stools and constipation as hard stools regardless of stool frequencies. Variation in defecatory symptoms and discrepancies between these symptoms and stool consistency are the hallmarks of the syndrome, and the degree of variation per fortnight is relatively stable in the individual patient. Fermentation of carbohydrates by colonic bacteria, increased sensitivity to bowel distention by gas, gas-producing food, increased secretion of cholecystokinin after fatty meals and/or increased sympathetic nerve tone at stress can give rise to symptoms. Symptoms can start after a single period of bacterial gastroenteritis. Although patients seeking medical care for the syndrome are more often anxious, the syndrome itself is not psychosomatic. Symptoms are possibly mediated through partial degranulation of mast cells in bowel mucosa, but this does not make it an allergic disease. If bowel dysmotility can be measured, early stage or a mild case of intestinal pseudoobstruction should be considered. Hyperreactivity in the enteric nervous system and/or in the brain is the likely main cause of the symptoms. More widespread activity in the brain after exposure to stimuli originating from bowel nerves or less inhibition of this stimulation in the brain are possible mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:[Irritable bowel syndrome. Survey of definitions, differential diagnosis and pathogenesis]. 1147 55

Mushroom poisoning from the genus Amanita is a medical emergency, with Amanita phalloides being the most common species. The typical symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are nonspecific and can be mistaken for gastroenteritis. If not adequately treated, hepatic and renal failure may ensue within several days of ingestion. In this case series, patients poisoned with Amanita virosa are described with a spectrum of clinical presentations and outcomes ranging from complete recovery to fulminant hepatic failure. Although there are no controlled clinical trials, a few anecdotal studies provide the basis for regimens recommended to treat Amanita poisoning. Use of i.v. penicillin G is supported by most reports. Silibinin, although preferred over penicillin, is not easily available in the United States. In those with acute liver failure, liver transplantation can be life saving.
 ...
PMID:Mushroom poisoning--from diarrhea to liver transplantation. 1201 50


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>