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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microscopic colitis, comprising collagenous and lymphocytic colitis, is characterized clinically by chronic watery diarrhea, and a macroscopically normal colonic mucosa where diagnostic histopathological features are seen on microscopic examination. The annual incidence of each disorder is 4-6/100,000 inhabitants, with a peak incidence in 60-70-year-old individuals and a noticeable female predominance for collagenous colitis. The etiology is unknown. Chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue and fecal incontinence are common symptoms, which impair the health-related quality of life of the patient. There is an association with other autoimmune disorders such as celiac disease, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders and arthritis. Budesonide is the best-documented short-term treatment, but the optimal long-term strategy needs further study. The long-term prognosis is good and the risk of complications including colonic cancer is low.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of microscopic colitis. 1910 61

Motility and functional disorders of the small intestine, the colon and the anorectum can induce or contribute to symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation and abdominal pain and may impair nutrient absorption in severe cases. Acute affections of intestinal functions e.g. during gastrointestinal infections usually need no functional diagnostics but resolve spontaneously or with adequate therapy of the underlying disease. By contrast, chronic disturbances of small intestinal, colonic and anorectal motility and/or sensitivity are subject to gastrointestinal function tests. The role of these tests for diagnosis and therapeutic handling of severe intestinal dysmotility/chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, severe constipation, diarrhoea, fecal incontinence and irritable bowel syndrome will be discussed in this review that mainly focuses on adults.
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PMID:Intestinal and anorectal motility and functional disorders. 1950 68

Primary gastrointestinal malignancy constitutes approximately 2% of pediatric neoplasm and colorectal carcinoma is the second most common malignancy among them. This is one of the rarer diseases in children. Carcinoma of the rectum must be considered as a differential diagnosis in childhood if patient presents with per rectal bleeding in conjunction with abdominal pain & weight loss. In our article a 12 years old boy with Mucin secreting adenocarcinoma is being presented. The patient presented with incontinence of stool, with abdominal pain and history of swelling of left lower abdomen during defaecation. He got admitted in a district hospital for several times and USG of whole abdomen was done for several times but no abnormality was detected. Later on, by simple digital rectal examination (DRE) he was clinically diagnosed as a case of CA Rectum and eventually, the diagnosis was established by colonoscopy followed by biopsy.
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PMID:A 12 years old boy with carcinoma rectum. 2004 83

Little is known about the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGDs) in adolescents, especially in developing countries. This cross-sectional survey conducted in a semi-urban school in Sri Lanka, assessed the prevalence of whole spectrum of FGDs in 427 adolescents (age 12-16 years) using a validated self-administered questionnaire. According to Rome III criteria, 123 (28.8%) adolescents had FGDs. Of them, 59 (13.8%) had abdominal-pain-related FGDs [irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 30, functional dyspepsia 15, functional abdominal pain 13 and abdominal migraine 1]. Prevalence of functional constipation, aerophagia, adolescent rumination syndrome, cyclical vomiting syndrome and non-retentive faecal incontinence were 4.2, 6.3, 4, 0.5 and 0.2%, respectively. Only 58 (13.6%) adolescents were found to have FGDs when Rome II criteria were used. In conclusion, FGDs were present in more than one-fourth of adolescents in the study group, of which IBS was the most common. Rome III criteria were able to diagnose FGDs more comprehensively than Rome II.
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PMID:Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal diseases in a cohort of Sri Lankan adolescents: comparison between Rome II and Rome III criteria. 2052 79

In an autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks and harms the body's own tissues. The systemic autoimmune diseases include collagen vascular diseases, the systemic vasculitides, Wegener granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome. These disorders can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary system and pancreas. They can cause a variety of gastrointestinal manifestations that are influenced by the pathophysiologic characteristics of the underlying disease process. There is a wide variation of gastrointestinal manifestations from these autoimmune disorders including, but not limited to: oral ulcers, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, fecal incontinence, pseudo-obstruction, perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical workup should be initiated by the patient's subjective complaints. In this review, we analyze the effects of autoimmune diseases on the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations in systemic autoimmune diseases. 2197 90

Weight loss is a recognized alarm symptom for organic gastrointestinal (GI) disease, yet the association between obesity and specific GI symptoms remains poorly described. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine which GI symptoms predominate among obese individuals. A search of the literature using the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE PubMed and Current Contents (1950 - November 2011) was conducted. All studies assessing GI symptoms and increasing body mass index (BMI)/obesity were included. English and non-English articles were searched. A random effect model of the studies was undertaken. Overall, significant associations between GI symptoms and increasing BMI were found for upper abdominal pain (odds ratio [OR] = 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-5.72), gastroesophageal reflux (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.70-2.09), diarrhoea (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26-1.64), chest pain/heartburn (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.49-2.04), vomiting (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.28-2.41), retching (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.74) and incomplete evacuation (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.03-1.71). However, no significant associations were found for all abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, bloating, constipation/hard stools, fecal incontinence, nausea and anal blockage. Several key GI symptoms are associated with increasing BMI and obesity. In addition, there were a number of other GI symptoms that had no relationship with obesity. A greater knowledge of the GI symptoms associated with obesity along with the physiology will be important in the clinical management of these patients.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal symptoms and obesity: a meta-analysis. 2218 20

The involvement of the autonomic nervous system in Parkinson's disease causes many non-motor symptoms, among which gastrointestinal complaints are prominent. Drooling, dyspepsia, constipation, abdominal pain and fecal incontinence are frequently a source of patient distress. Dysphagia is recognized as causing both discomfort and increased risk of serious complications. Although a diagnosis can often be established based on the reports of patients and/or caregivers, and additional testing is seldom required, these diagnoses are clearly under recognized in clinical practice. These symptoms respond to the same treatment measures used in the general population, although certain drugs with a potential to increase parkinsonian symptoms should be avoided. Increased and early identification of these symptoms can result in a significant improvement in the quality of life of Parkinson's disease patients.
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PMID:The management of gastrointestinal symptoms in Parkinson's disease. 2228 79

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a common yet serious complication of allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, can cause significant morbidity and negatively impact on patients' quality of life. The gastrointestinal tract is frequently affected resulting in nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and profuse diarrhoea (Washington and Jagasia, 2009) which can be both distressing and humiliating for patients. The volume of watery, green diarrhoea produced can be greater than 2 litres per day (Ferrara et al, 2009) and is one indicator of the severity of GvHD. It may, in some cases, lead to faecal incontinence. Management of GvHD-associated diarrhoea involves the use of high-dose steroids to control the exaggerated immune response, anti-diarrhoeal medication, management of fluid and electrolytes, and nutritional management. It may also require management of faecal incontinence and prevention of incontinence-associated dermatitis. This paper describes the pathology of GvHD, the management of GvHD-associated diarrhoea and faecal incontinence and discusses the potential use of a faecal management system inappropriately selected individuals with uncontrolled diarrhoea and limited mobility.
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PMID:Management of faecal incontinence in graft-versus-host disease. 2230 36

Diarrhea is a common clinical feature of inflammatory bowel diseases and may be accompanied by abdominal pain, urgency, and fecal incontinence. The pathophysiology of diarrhea in these diseases is complex, but defective absorption of salt and water by the inflamed bowel is the most important mechanism involved. In addition to inflammation secondary to the disease, diarrhea may arise from a variety of other conditions. It is important to differentiate the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the diarrhea in the individual patient to provide the appropriate therapy. This article reviews microscopic colitis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease, focusing on diarrhea.
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PMID:Diarrhea in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. 2291 70

Many patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) or spina bifida suffer from neurogenic bowel dysfunction which causes significant physical and psychological morbidity. For the last four years at the National Rehabilitation Hospital, transanal irrigation (TAI) has been offered to patients who were dissatisfied with a conservative bowel management programme. This is an observational study of eleven patients who were offered TAI. Three questionnaires, scoring bowel symptoms at baseline and follow-up (3-28 months) were completed by patients. Nine patients had a SCl and two had spina bifida, mean age was 44 years. A reduction in mean scores for all three questionnaires occurred post TAI (39.5-42.1%) indicating fewer bowel symptoms. Statistically significant reductions in faecal incontinence (p < 0.05), abdominal pain (p < 0.05) and lifestyle alterations secondary to bowel management (p < 0.05) occurred. No serious adverse events occurred during the study. TAI is an effective treatment option for the management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction.
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PMID:Transanal irrigation in the management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction. 2300 85


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