Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cholestatic syndrome caused by sclerosing cholangitis and papillary stenosis has been described in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hepatobiliary cryptosporidiosis and cytomegalovirus infection. The case of a 41-year-old homosexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and cholestasis is reported. A percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram showed that the extrahepatic and right-sided intrahepatic ducts were normal. Computerized tomography of the abdomen showed multiple hypodense lesions in the liver. Guided needle biopsies of several of these lesions showed severe confluent necrotizing pericholangitis with cytomegalovirus-infected cells. Numerous cryptosporidia were seen attached to biliary epithelium. The unique histopathologic and radiographic features of this case should be added to the spectrum of hepatobiliary manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:Hepatobiliary cryptosporidiosis and cytomegalovirus infection mimicking metastatic cancer to the liver. 185 Mar 77

Cryptosporidium was detected in 2 (1.5%) out of 132 children under 2 years with acute diarrhea; in 2 (3.2%) out of 63 patients under 2 years with persistent diarrhea; in 1 (3.9%) out of 26 malnourished patients younger than 2 years with an episode of acute diarrhea and in 7 (1.4%) out of 516 pediatric ambulatory patients who consulted for acute or chronic diarrhea or recurrent abdominal pain. The clinical histories of the 5 infants with cryptosporidiosis who belonged to the first 3 studies, are presented. All they had prolonged diarrhea (more than 15 days long), and one of them showed low IgG and IgA serum concentrations, but normal proportions of T lymphocyte populations.
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PMID:[Cryptosporidiosis: studies in children in communities of low socioeconomic level]. 208 94

The occurrence of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome has been attributed more frequently to enteropathogen organisms that invade the body in consequence of the immunologic unbalance of the host. Among several causes the cryptosporidiosis has been detected with some prevalence and its predominant localization was gastrointestinal tract, although other extra-intestinal sites have also been reported. In the present case the endoscopic examination established the diagnosis of erosive gastroduodenitis while the histological examination showed the presence of Cryptosporidium sp. in gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens. A proper etiological diagnosis in such cases is important for the choice of therapy.
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PMID:[Erosive gastroduodenitis associated with Cryptosporidium in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 213 31

During an 18 months' survey of children admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis, oocysts of the protozoan Cryptosporidium were detected in 35 cases (1.6% of the total 2205 surveyed). The affected children (age range 5 months to 8 years; mean 34.2 months) were immunocompetent, and had green and offensive watery diarrhoea. Vomiting (94%) with dehydration (80%), fever (66%) and abdominal pain (26%) were major clinical features of the diarrhoeal illness which lasted a mean 8.2 (range 3-14) days. Five children were infected with other enteropathogens. The illness was self-limiting in all cases and none were excreting oocysts 2 weeks after cessation of diarrhoea. Peak incidence occurred during the months of March and April, with no cases during the hottest months of July and August. There was no known contact with animals or pets; 4 children had other siblings affected and 2 conformed to cases of travellers' diarrhoea. The significance of cryptosporidiosis in Kuwait and the need for epidemiological studies are discussed.
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PMID:Cryptosporidium gastroenteritis in immunocompetent children from Kuwait. 226 Feb 6

To determine the timing of symptoms and oocyst excretion after the acquisition of cryptosporidium infection, we used a screening parasitologic stool examination to identify patients and then contacted them for the collection of retrospective histories and follow-up stool specimens. The study included 68 otherwise healthy patients with an identifiable source and time of infection. All 68 had diarrhea, 61 had abdominal pain, most also had other gastrointestinal symptoms, 33 had fever, and all recovered spontaneously. Among the 50 patients who submitted follow-up stool samples, more than 90 percent of the 610 symptomatic days and of the 136 oocyst-positive stools occurred between days 7 and 28 of infection, the mean incubation period was 7.2 days (range, 1 to 12), and the mean duration of illness was 12.2 days (range, 2 to 26). During the oocyst-excretion period cryptosporidium was detected in 90 percent of Ziehl-Neelsen-stained fecal concentrates. The end of oocyst excretion could be accurately determined in 26 patients; 19 (73 percent) had positive stools after the cessation of symptoms for a mean period of 6.9 days (range, 1 to 15). Fourteen patients were studied for two or more months, and in three of them asymptomatic episodes of oocyst excretion were detected up to two months after clinical recovery. We conclude that many cases of symptomatic cryptosporidiosis occur among immunocompetent patients, some of whom may excrete oocysts even when they have become asymptomatic. Conversely, infected symptomatic patients may occasionally have intermittently negative stools.
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PMID:Timing of symptoms and oocyst excretion in human cryptosporidiosis. 243 15

Cryptosporidia are important causative agents of acute diarrhea among children in tropical countries. The leading symptoms are watery diarrhea lasting from 2 to 8 weeks and vomiting accompanied by crampy abdominal pain. Dehydration occurs frequently. The prevalence of cryptosporidia infections is much higher in tropical regions (an average of up to 10%) than in moderate regions. Cryptosporidia infections are dependent both on the children's age (highest rates among children below 2 years of age) and the season. In most studies, the highest incidence was found during the rainy season. Children who were breast-fed showed lower rates of infection. The transmission is fecal- oral, especially from animals to humans, from person to person, but also by way of contaminated drinking water. For an exact description of the epidemiology of cryptosporidia infections in the tropical countries, especially of the transmission, the seasonal differences and the breast feeding patterns, further studies are needed.
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PMID:Epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in tropical countries. 263 71

Four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (CDC group IV) were investigated for biliary disease because of the presence of both severe upper abdominal pain and raised levels of serum alkaline phosphatase. None was clinically jaundiced. Upper abdominal ultrasound was abnormal in three. All had endoscopic retrograde cholangiographic evidence of both an intrahepatic sclerosing cholangitis suggestive of primary sclerosing cholangitis and an irregular suprapapillary common bile duct dilation suggestive of papillary stenosis. Three had evidence of gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis and two of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection. Endoscopic sphincterotomy, performed in two patients, gave good pain relief. We propose the name 'AIDS sclerosing cholangitis' for this form of secondary cholangitis. The cause of this disorder remains unclear. Recent evidence is discussed which suggests that it is not due to HIV itself but to an opportunistic infection. Cryptosporidium appears to be the most likely candidate.
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PMID:Sclerosing cholangitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Case reports and review of the literature. 307 60

During the two years 1986 and 1987 83 cases of cryptosporidiosis were identified by the finding of oocysts in the faecal samples submitted to a single microbiology laboratory. There were 58 children and 25 adults. Cryptosporidiosis was the commonest cause of gastrointestinal infection identified in children and the third commonest overall. Spring and autumn peaks were identified. The main symptoms were diarrhoea (median 10 days), vomiting (median seven days), abdominal pain (median seven days) and fever (median three days). A variety of other less common symptoms were noted including reactive arthritis. Three cases occurred during late pregnancy and the puerperium. Contact tracing supported both person-to-person transmission and an animal origin for cases within the group. Cryptosporidiosis is shown to be an important cause of traveller's diarrhoea. The incubation period was from two to 11 days.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in the West of Scotland. 324 18

During a 12-month period, feces from 780 persons from the Townsville region were evaluated by the Kinyoun acid-fast strain, and 36 (4.6%) immunocompetent patients were found to have Cryptosporidium oocysts. Twenty-five index cases were identified; 13 (8.6%) cases from 151 patients were from Palm Island, an isolated Aboriginal community in the wet tropics and 12 (1.9%) cases from 629 patients were from the dry tropics of Townsville. All 11 secondary cases were associated with a person-to-person outbreak in the nursery of a Townsville day-care centre. Infection occurred mainly in two distinct age groups: the under five-year-old (27 cases), and the 25 to 35-year-old (six cases). A prodrome of dry cough, rhinorrhea and vomiting often preceded symptoms of fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, persistent cough and vomiting, and acute diarrhea with frequent, non-bloodstained, watery, mucous stools. Although 13 patients were hospitalised because of their illness, the infection was self-limiting and all 36 patients recovered with symptomatic treatment. Cryptosporidium was the third most commonly identified enteric pathogen after Rotavirus and Giardia. Infection did not appear to depend on seasonal variation and no animal or environmental sources of infection were identified. Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent persons is endemic and common in North Queensland and routine investigations for this parasite in symptomatic patients are warranted.
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PMID:Human cryptosporidiosis in North Queensland. 326 49

In a prospective study Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in nine immunocompetent patients (0.6%). The frequency was remarkably higher in children in the 0 to 14 year age group (1.6%), surpassed only by Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. The predominant clinical features were watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Comparison of the epidemiological data of the patients with those of a control group showed that contact persons with enteritis and drinking of unpasteurized milk were significantly associated with cryptosporidiosis.
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PMID:Cryptosporidia in immunocompetent patients with gastroenteritis. 356 54


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