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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leukemia patients with diarrhea or other abdominal symptoms have been investigated for the presence of Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin in stools. Of the patients studied 19% had C. difficile, in most cases together with cytotoxin. All patients but one had received antibiotics, while one had been treated with cytotoxic agents only. Symptoms of colitis were most often abdominal pain and distension rather than diarrhea. Owing to the not infrequent fatal evolution, it is recommended that routine search for C. difficile in leukemia patients with abdominal symptoms be performed and appropriate therapy started immediately.
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PMID:Clostridium difficile colitis in leukemia patients. 407 83

Six patients with pseudomembranous entercolitis were seen at one institution over a six-month period. Clindamycin therapy preceded the diagnosis in all six patients and possibly caused the disease in five cases. Common clinical features included diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, radiographic findings of large bowel dilatation with mucosal thickening and a characteristic sigmoidoscopic or gross pathologic demonstration of discrete yellow-white plaques on an otherwise normal mucosa. Complications included toxic megacolon and sigmoid colon perforation. Two of the six patients died. The literature since 1970 is tabulated to clarify the clinical and pathological features of pseudomembranous enterocolitis associated with newer antibiotic therapy. Lincomycin and clindamycin are strongly implicated in the recent resurgence of this formerly rare variety of colitis.
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PMID:Pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Resurgence related to newer antibiotic therapy. 443 89

The irritable colon syndrome is a very common disorder with no serious sequelae. The cause is unknown but low dietary bulk and psychological factors are believed important. Sufferers may experience various combinations of diarrhea, constipation and abdominal pain. The mechanisms are obscure but abnormal colon motility has been amply demonstrated. Serious organic diseases such as colitis and carcinoma of the colon must be firmly excluded. Treatment consists of sympathetic explanation and reassurance, increased dietary bulk and occasional judicious use of antispasmodic agents.
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PMID:The irritable colon. 461 5

We investigated two outbreaks of an unusual gastrointestinal illness that affected at least 47 people in Oregon and Michigan in February through March and May through June 1982. The illness was characterized by severe crampy abdominal pain, initially watery diarrhea followed by grossly bloody diarrhea, and little or no fever. It was associated with eating at restaurants belonging to the same fast-food restaurant chain in Oregon (P less than 0.005) and Michigan (P = 0.0005) and with eating any of three sandwiches containing three ingredients in common (beef patty, rehydrated onions, and pickles). Stool cultures did not yield previously recognized pathogens. However, a rare Escherichia coli serotype, O157:H7, that was not invasive or toxigenic by standard tests was isolated from 9 of 12 stools collected within four days of onset of illness in both outbreaks combined, and from a beef patty from a suspected lot of meat in Michigan. The only known previous isolation of this serotype was from a sporadic case of hemorrhagic colitis in 1975. This report describes a clinically distinctive gastrointestinal illness associated with E. coli O157:H7, apparently transmitted by undercooked meat.
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PMID:Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. 633 86

Two outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis, a newly recognized syndrome characterized by bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and little or no fever, occurred in 1982. No previously recognized pathogens were recovered from stool specimens from persons in either outbreak. However, a rare E. coli serotype, O157:H7, was isolated from 9 of 20 cases and from no controls. It was also recovered from a meat patty from the implicated lot eaten by persons in one outbreak. No recovery of this organism was made from stools collected 7 or more days after onset of illness; whereas 9 of 12 culture-positive stools had been collected within 4 days of onset of illness. The isolate was not invasive or toxigenic by standard tests, and all strains has a unique biotype. Plasmid profile analysis indicates that all outbreak-associated E. coli O157:H7 isolates are closely related. These results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 was the causative agent of illness in the two outbreaks.
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PMID:Laboratory investigation of hemorrhagic colitis outbreaks associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. 635 45

Sixty-five patients were treated with oral vancomycin for Clostridium difficile colitis associated with treatment of infection by antibiotics. Colitis was confirmed by endoscopy in patients with diarrhoea and positive tests on diarrhoeal stools for Cl. difficile and/or its cytotoxin or, if endoscopy could not be performed, by the presence of fever and peripheral or faecal leucocytosis. Vancomycin dosage ranged from 125 to 500 mg four times daily for an average of about ten days. The mean duration of diarrhoea after starting therapy was four days; abdominal pain and fever usually resolved in two or three days. Post-treatment carriage of Cl. difficile was common. Eighteen per cent of patients developed a recurrence of colitis after treatment was discontinued, but responded to treatment with oral vancomycin, metronidazole, or bacitracin. After comparison of our results with those reported by others we concluded that vancomycin remains the treatment of choice for patients who are acutely and severely ill with Cl. difficile.
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PMID:Treatment of antibiotic-associated colitis with vancomycin. 652 70

The small intestine is the usual site of chronic infection with Strongyloides stercoralis. Colonic involvement has generally been seen in the hyperinfection syndrome in immunosuppressed individuals. We describe an immunologically competent female who underwent multiple abdominal operations over a 5-year period for hematochezia and diffuse abdominal pain of obscure etiology. Eosinophilia had been present but never investigated until 1981, at which time stool examination revealed S. stercoralis larvae. Pathological specimens from operations in 1977 and 1981 demonstrated extensive colonic wall invasion with filariform larvae consistent with S. stercoralis. Involvement of other organs was never documented. We believe this case is consistent with chronic colitis due to strongyloidiasis. This entity has not been previously described, and expands the spectrum of this disease.
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PMID:Chronic relapsing colitis due to Strongyloides stercoralis. 665 Jul 30

A 50-year-old woman presented with a long history of nausea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and intermittent watery diarrhea. All investigations were negative except for the finding, on five separate colonoscopic biopsies, of a layer of band-like collagen beneath the surface epithelium, diagnostic of collagenous colitis.
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PMID:Collagenous colitis. Report of a case. 669 27

A 40-year-old bisexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. At sigmoidoscopy, the mucosa of the rectum and sigmoid colon was edematous, erythematous, and friable, with multiple linear and oval erosions. Histologic examination of rectal biopsies demonstrated innumerable acid-fast bacilli free and within macrophages of the lamina propria. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was cultured from the rectal biopsy specimens. Pulmonary tissue and bone marrow cultures also demonstrated this organism. Therapy with several antimycobacterial agents resulted in improvement of symptoms. Among immunocompromised patients the spectrum of enteric pathogens causing colitis should be expanded to include Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, a potentially treatable organism.
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PMID:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-associated colitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 672 13

The long term development of periodic syndromes among children is little known. Our research has revealed that about one third of periodic headaches, two thirds of cyclic vomiting and half the cases of recurring abdominal pain disappear either before puberty or during adolescence. Other Authors have shown that this also happens in most cases of early-onset vertigo. The remaining headache cases develop into migraines in adults. When there is persistent cyclic vomiting, the collateral neurologic phenomena (headaches, vertigo, pallor, hypotonia, drowsiness) become more intense. This also happens in some cases of abdominal pain and paroxysmal vertigo which start in late childhood. Other sufferers from acute abdominal pain develop ulcers, gastroduodenitis and colitis as adults. Altogether, some infantile periodic syndromes (in particular the multi-symptomatic ones) have a common outcome, i.e. develop into more or less typical migraine syndromes. In these cases one can presume a common pathogenetic mechanism. In those cases where the outcome is favorable the pathogenesis may be different. These cases may often be spotted in early childhood on account of the monosymptomatic nature of the complaint or the absence of collateral neurologic symptoms as well as of the infrequency of critical episodes.
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PMID:[Childhood periodic syndromes and their long-term development]. 692 13


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