Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000737 (abdominal pain)
 31,184 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An epidemiological survey of gynecological and sexually-transmitted diseases was conducted in 4 villages of Narmpong district, Khon Kaen, Thailand. It was focused on the reproductive health status of rural women. A mobile gynecological clinic was set up to collect materials and data including demographic characteristics, physical examination and specimen collection. Vaginal swabs were examined by microscope, Gram staining, pH measurement, KOH test and bacteriological cultivation. Endocervical swabs were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) by polymerase chain reaction. Papanicolaou's test was applied for diagnosis of cytological abnormalities. Blood was tested by RPR and TPHA and urine was tested by LED test. The chief complaint was dysmenorrhea (44.8%). The others ranging from 43.4-3.0% were lower abdominal pain to genital ulcer. Prevalence of C. trachomatis, C. albicans, T. vaginalis, T. pallidum and G. vaginalis were found in 4.6, 10.9, 5.1, 2.7 and 1.0% of 586 women and HSV and HPV were found in 6.4% and 1.4% of 110 women, respectively. The three pathogens. C. trachomatis, C. albicans and T. vaginalis, were frequently found among women in the age of 20-49 years. The number of marriages and sex partners in the past year had an association with C. trachomatis infection while vaginal pH > 4.5, marital status, number of marriages and itching of genitalia had an association with T. vaginalis infection.
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PMID:An epidemiological survey of female reproductive health status: gynecological complaints and sexually-transmitted diseases. 1077 97

Gemifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which has an enhanced affinity for topoisomerase i.v.. It has potent activity against most Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae. Gemifloxacin is over 30-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and 4- to 8-fold more active than moxifloxacin against this pathogen. Gemifloxacin has excellent activity against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, and is unaffected by beta-lactamase production. It is generally 2-fold less active than ciprofloxacin against most Enterobacteriaceae. Atypical respiratory pathogens (Legionella, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia spp.) are highly susceptible to gemifloxacin. Preliminary results from phase II trials show that oral gemifloxacin 320 mg/day produced bacteriological responses of 94.7% in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and 95% of patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Adverse events included nausea, abdominal pain, headache and mild rash in patients and healthy volunteers treated with gemifloxacin 320 mg/day. Gemifloxacin has a low potential for mild phototoxicity (comparable to that of ciprofloxacin).
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PMID:Gemifloxacin. 1085 45

The diagnosis of salpingitis based solely on clinical criteria is inaccurate, with both low specificity and sensitivity. Laparoscopy has therefore become a valuable diagnostic tool in clinical practice and essential in clinical research on salpingitis. Different types of evidence indicate that atypical salpingitis without abdominal pain and discrete or absent symptoms is a common etiology of tubal factor infertility. A low threshold for suspecting salpingitis has been recommended to augment the sensitivity of clinical diagnosis. This leads to lower specificity and thereby a greater number of false positive diagnoses and unnecessary antibiotic treatment. Outpatient biopsy from the endometrium for histopathology and chlamydia testing might augment the specificity in cases with discrete symptoms, and should be investigated further. The sensitivity of laparoscopy is low for endosalpingitis without affection of the serosa, and might be augmented by using minibiopsies and chlamydia PCR from the tubal mucosa. The most significant measure toward reducing the sequelae of salpingitis is the combatting of chlamydia infection through screening programs and qualified partner management.
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PMID:[Silent salpingitis. Does it exist?]. 1140

Infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic abdominal pain are frequent complications of genital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis. In an attempt to produce a vaccine to protect against this pathogen we purified and refolded the C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) major outer membrane protein (MOMP). This preparation, mixed with Freund's adjuvant using vortexing or sonication, was used to immunize BALB/c mice that were subsequently challenged in the upper genital tract. Vaginal cultures were taken on a weekly basis, and mice were mated 6 weeks after the challenge. Gels of the vortexed MOMP showed a predominant band with a molecular size of 62 kDa and weaker bands at 42 and 132 kDa, while the sonicated MOMP had a single band with a molecular size of 42 kDa. Following immunization with these two preparations, strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were detected in the mice inoculated with the vortexed MOMP. On the other hand, mice immunized with the sonicated MOMP had a strong humoral immune response but a relatively weak cell-mediated immune response, as determined by a T-cell lymphoproliferative assay and level of cytokine production by splenocytes. Vaginal cultures showed that the mice immunized with the vortexed MOMP were significantly protected, as determined by a decrease in the number of animals with positive cultures, the length of time the mice shed viable organisms, and the number of inclusion-forming units recovered per mouse. Animals immunized with the sonicated MOMP, on the other hand, showed a weaker level of protection based on the same three parameters. After mating, the number of fertile animals and number of embryos per mouse were significantly higher for the mice immunized with vortexed MOMP, but not for the mice immunized with sonicated MOMP, compared to those of the control groups. In conclusion, immunization with a purified and refolded preparation of the C. trachomatis MoPn MOMP confers a significant level of protection in mice against a genital challenge.
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PMID:Immunization with the Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis major outer membrane protein can elicit a protective immune response against a genital challenge. 1155 66

On January 17, 2001, a 39-year old female with sudden abdominal pain was admitted to her neighboring outpatient clinic and diagnosed as suspicious of infectious enteritis. However, on the next day (January 18, 2001) she was soon transferred to Toyoshina Red Cross Hospital with the chief complaint of severe abdominal pain, high fever, and of conspicuous leucocytosis. Laboratory data on her admission demonstrated apparent signs of inflammation and she was soon undergone an emergency operation. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was recovered from her ascetic fluid, otherwise Chlamydia EIA was negative. The antibiotic chemotherapy of minocycline (200 mg/day) was continued for the first 9 days and sulbactam/cefoperazone (2 g/day) had been administered for the first 5 days. Her symptoms were discontinued on her 10th hospital day, and she was discharged on the 14th hospital day. There have been few reported cases in Japan of bacterial peritonitis due to N. gonorrhoeae. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of N. gonorrhoeae peritonitis in Japan.
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PMID:[A case of bacterial peritonitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae]. 1171 65

Perihepatitis or Fitz-Hugh syndrome, peritonitis located in the right hypochondriasis (RH), is a relatively rare affectation. However, the HIV-AIDS pandemic has brought about the emergence and re-emergence of disease-states either uncommon or formerly on the decline as well as the appearance of opportunistic illness. We report the results of a retrospective study conducted in the National Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina-Faso) between 1 June 1997 and 31 December 1999 in an effort to contribute to a wider vision of diseases associated with HIV-AIDS. We based our study on 130 laparoscopies carried out for unexplained pain linked to RH (with or without fever), as well as abdominal-pelvian or diffuse abdominal pain. Thirteen cases (11 women, 2 men) of perihepatitis were diagnosed. The mean age for women and men was respectively 31.4 and 39.5. HIV serology was systematically carried out for all patients and, in case of perihepatitis, cultures were taken. All patients were infected with HIV and some presented signs of AIDS according to the WHO classification. In clinical terms, a shalking pain for RH was noted for 5 patients, abdominal sensitivity in 8 cases as well as gynaecological anomalies: cul-de-sac moving pain (4 cases), leuchorrea (3 cases) and mucosic vulvovaginitis (1 case). Paraclinical tests revealed a slight hepatic cytolysis for only 3 patients (1.5 N). 6 patients tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis; the 7 others could not be tested, but this aetiology was assumed for evaluating the efficacy of the treatment under study. The high frequency of perihepatitis in these patients, all of whom were suffering from HIV-AIDS, and its presence in the 2 male cases, suggest that immunodepression is conducive to the appearance of this disease.
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PMID:[Perihepatitis and HIV/AIDS infection. Apropos of 13 cases at the National Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso]. 1184 26

Two women aged 53 and 22 years presented with abdominal pain and signs of sepsis with metabolic acidosis. The first patient had ecchymoses all over her body, the second patient had an enlarged left kidney with wedge-shaped hypo-intense areas on the CT scan. The clinical condition of both women deteriorated. On laparoscopy perihepatitis with fibrin wires ('violin strings') was seen, pathognomonic for Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome. Upon appropriate antibiotic treatment, both patients fully recovered. Although it is common belief that Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is caused by local spread from the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity, these presentations suggest a haematogenous spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae as well as Chlamydia trachomatis in the first case, and C. trachomatis in the second case.
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PMID:[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: 2 patients with perihepatitis and sepsis]. 1205 Oct 66

Some 250 million cases of sexually transmitted disease (STD) occur each year, and in some countries 1 or even 2 women in every 10 are infected with an STD. STDs are likely to reach an advanced stage before women notice them. The consequences of STDs are devastating, according to a report by the Population Information Program of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, and they include stillbirths, blinding eye infections in the newborn, chronic female abdominal pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. There are social consequences for women such as divorce, and husbands may abandon infertile wives. Gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause both severe inflammation of the pelvis with acute pain and possible infertility. Pelvic inflammatory disease can permanently scar the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy, which can be fatal when the fallopian tube ruptures. Babies born to mothers with gonorrhea and chlamydia are likely to develop eye infections that may make them blind. Chlamydia infection in pregnant women may also cause premature rupture of the membranes, sepsis, and the death of premature neonate. Infection may spread to the lungs of newborns, leading to chlamydial pneumonia. Syphilis can cause spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death, or congenital syphilis in the infant. Trichomoniasis and herpes can also be transmitted from mother to fetus. And infection with an STD increases the risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that prenatal care should always include checks for STDs. A WHO Technical Working Group on Care of Mother and Baby has stressed the importance of detecting and treating STDs in pregnant women. The working group urged training of health workers to distinguish between STDs and other infections. The group, which met July 5-9, 1993, outlined health center strategies for prevention and treatment.
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PMID:STDs infect 250 million a year. 1234

Bacterial diarrhea can be classified into two clinical entities, noninflammatory diarrhea and inflammatory diarrhea syndromes. The latter type of diarrhea is characterized by bloody and puruloid mucus stool, and is often accompanied by fever, tenesmus, and severe abdominal pain. Pathogenic bacteria causing the inflammatory diarrhea syndrome include Salmonella, Vibrio, Shigella, enteroinvasive and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Chlamydia, and Clostridium difficile. The pathologic changes in the inflammatory diarrhea syndrome range from a superficial exudative enterocolitis to a transmural enterocolitis with overt ulceration. This syndrome is also designated as bacterial hemorrhagic enterocolitis because of its usual manifestation by bloody diarrhea. The diagnostic approach needs information on the patient's age, travel history, epidemiological associations, sexual practice, and medical history, including usage of antibiotics. Bacterial information can be obtained by microscopic study, culture, and the identification of specific bacterial toxins. Flexible colonoscopy with biopsy is useful for the differentiation of bacterial hemorrhagic enterocolitis from idiopathic ulcerative colitis and ischemic colitis. Physicians should be familiar with the diagnostic modalities used to detect the specific pathogens causing hemorrhagic bacterial enterocolitis; namely, bacterial culture, serology, histology, and nucleic acid technologies.
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PMID:Bacterial hemorrhagic enterocolitis. 1264 May 23

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (FHCS) is a condition with right upper quadrant pain in association with pelvic inflammatory disease. Invasive procedures such as laparoscopy or laparotomy were indispensable to definite diagnosis of FHCS, and no more useful methods in radiological diagnosis of FHCS has been reported until now. In this present study abdominal enhanced-CT findings were analysed retrospectively in eight cases diagnosed clinically as FHCS. We focused on hepatic capsular enhancement, which was identified on early phase in all cases and on delayed phase in five. Moreover, hepatic capsular enhancement was detected at the anterior surface of medial segment and the lateral aspect of right lobe in all cases, while at the anterior surface of lateral segment in five cases. These findings, which disappeared on follow-up CT after treatment, were thought to reflect "acute" peri-hepatitis. Abdominal enhanced CT, especially on early phase, is suggested to be a non-invasive, useful modality for the diagnosis of FHCS. When hepatic capsular enhancement is identified in the interpretation of abdominal enhanced CT images in sexually active women who have right upper abdominal pain, we should suspect the possibility of FHCS and examine gynecological findings or the value of IgA and IgG antibodies for Chlamydia trachomatis.
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PMID:[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: analysis of CT findings]. 1293 47


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