Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0000729 (abdominal cramps)
 531 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of intragastric and intraduodenal 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dm PGE2) on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastrin release was studied in patients with inactive duodenal ulcer. Compared to placebo, doses of 0.75, 1.00, 1.33, and 1.77 mug per kg of dm PGE2 instilled into the stomach inhibited meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion by 61 to 94% (P less than 0.01). The 1.00, 1.33, and 1.77 mug per kg doses inhibited acid secretion significantly (P less than 0.05) more than an optimal dose of propantheline bromide. Intragastric dm PGE2 (1 mug per kg) was significantly (P less than 0.05) more effective than intraduodenal dm PGE2 (1 mug per kg) in inhibiting both gastric acid secretion and gastrin release. After 1.33 and 1.77 mug per kg, some patients experienced abdominal cramps, or diarrhea, or both, but at doses of 1.00 mug per kg or less no apparent untoward side effects were observed. It is concluded that 16,16-dm PGE2 significantly inhibits meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastrin release, and may be of therapeutic value in patients with peptic ulcer provided it is free of untoward side-effects with chronic administration.
 ...
PMID:The effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin in duodenal ulcer patients. 125 35

In this study, the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability of 25 and 100 micrograms of octreotide given t.i.d. for 7 days subcutaneously were investigated in 12 healthy male subjects. Serum concentrations of the drug were well reproducible within 1 wk. Octreotide significantly raised 24-h median intragastric pH on day 1, but no longer on day 6. Peptone-stimulated gastric acid and volume secretion were markedly less suppressed by octreotide on day 7 compared with day 2. Peptone-stimulated gastrin release was abolished on days 2 and 7, as was peptone-stimulated insulin release. Blood glucose was altered in a biphasic pattern on days 2 and 7. All effects of octreotide were without clear-cut dose-response relationship. A mean half-life of 115 min was calculated. Dose-unrelated side effects (e.g., abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and fatty stools) were registered. In conclusion, octreotide is a powerful inhibitor of gastric acid and volume secretion during acute treatment. Its loss of efficacy during a 1-wk administration may be due to the adaptation of somatostatin receptors and hormonal counterregulation.
 ...
PMID:Diminishing efficacy of octreotide (SMS 201-995) on gastric functions of healthy subjects during one-week administration. 264 51

Hypochlorhydria induced by potent antisecretory drugs is followed by a marked elevation of serum gastrin levels which leads to changes in ECL cell density in rats. "Soft" antiulcer drugs like prostaglandins do not increase gastrin levels. Their use in peptic ulcer disease seems to be mainly limited by a relatively high incidence of diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Rioprostil is a new prostaglandin E1 analogue. We compared the potency and duration of action of rioprosil 600 micrograms nocte with 300 micrograms bid on human gastric secretion in a placebo-controlled double-blind study. We further evaluated the clinical effectiveness of rioprostil 600 micrograms nocte in the acute treatment of duodenal ulcer. Nocturnal gastric acidity (24:00 to 08:00) was inhibited from 54.5 +/- 1.7 mmol H+/L (placebo experiments; n =9) to 26.7 +/- 3.5 mmol H+/L (52%) by rioprostil 300 micrograms bid (p less than 0.05) and to 14.4 +/- 3.8 mmol H+/L (74%) by rioprostil 600 micrograms nocte (p less than 0.05). During the daytime (09:00 to 18:00), H+ activity was reduced by 33% and 15% respectively (n.s.). Two hundred and three patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers were randomly allocated to treatment with either rioprostil 600 micrograms nocte or ranitidine 300 mg nocte for 4 weeks in a prospective double-blind study. The two groups were similar. After 2 and 4 weeks treatment respectively, about 55% and 85% of patients healed on rioprostil 600 micrograms nocte and 55% and 90% on ranitidine 300 mg nocte. There were no differences between the treatment groups in ulcer pain relief.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Prostaglandins and peptic ulcer disease: nocturnal administration of rioprostil vs ranitidine in duodenal ulcer healing. 310 57