Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000729 (abdominal cramps)
 531 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of intragastric and intraduodenal 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dm PGE2) on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastrin release was studied in patients with inactive duodenal ulcer. Compared to placebo, doses of 0.75, 1.00, 1.33, and 1.77 mug per kg of dm PGE2 instilled into the stomach inhibited meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion by 61 to 94% (P less than 0.01). The 1.00, 1.33, and 1.77 mug per kg doses inhibited acid secretion significantly (P less than 0.05) more than an optimal dose of propantheline bromide. Intragastric dm PGE2 (1 mug per kg) was significantly (P less than 0.05) more effective than intraduodenal dm PGE2 (1 mug per kg) in inhibiting both gastric acid secretion and gastrin release. After 1.33 and 1.77 mug per kg, some patients experienced abdominal cramps, or diarrhea, or both, but at doses of 1.00 mug per kg or less no apparent untoward side effects were observed. It is concluded that 16,16-dm PGE2 significantly inhibits meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastrin release, and may be of therapeutic value in patients with peptic ulcer provided it is free of untoward side-effects with chronic administration.
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PMID:The effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin in duodenal ulcer patients. 125 35

Hyosine butyl bromide, the active ingredient in Buscopan, is an anticholinergic and antimuscarinic drug used to treat pain and discomfort caused by abdominal cramps. A straightforward synthesis of carbon-14- and deuterium-labeled Buscopan was developed using scopolamine, n-butyl-1-14 C bromide, and n-butyl-2 H9 bromide, respectively. In a second carbon-14 synthesis, the radioactive carbon was incorporated in the tropic acid moiety to follow its metabolism. Herein, we describe the detailed preparations of carbon-14- and deuterium-labeled Buscopan.
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PMID:Buscopan labeled with carbon-14 and deuterium. 2775 38

Otilonium bromide (OB) is a drug with spasmolytic activity belonging to quaternary ammonium derivatives and extensively used to treat patients affected by the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Thanks to its peculiar pharmacokinetic, OB concentrates in the large bowel wall and acts locally. From the pharmacodynamics point of view, OB is able to inhibit i) the main patterns of human colonic motility in vitro; ii) the contractility caused by excitatory motor neurons stimulation (pre-synaptic action) and iii) the contractility caused by the direct action of excitatory neurotransmitters (post-synaptic action). Interestingly, these effects derive from a complex interaction between the drug and several cellular targets. The main action consists in the blockade of Ca2+ entry through L-type Ca2+ channels and interference with intracytoplasmatic Ca2+ mobilization necessary for SMC contraction, thus preventing excessive bowel contractions and abdominal cramps. Further, OB blocks the T-type Ca2+ channels and interferes with the muscarinic responses; it interacts, directly or indirectly, with the tachykinin receptors on SMC and on primary afferent neurons whose combined effects may result in the reduction of motility and abdominal pain. In summary, a revision of this complex picture of OB activity could help to better address its therapeutic use.
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PMID:Otilonium Bromide: A Drug with a Complex Mechanism of Action. 2973 65