Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000729 (abdominal cramps)
 531 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lymphatics have been suggested to play a major role in the absorption of dialysate, which consequently affects the adequacy of peritoneal dialysis. Neostigmine has been found to decrease lymphatic absorption in rats, presumably by causing constriction of the lymphatic stomata. We investigated the effect of neostigmine on seven continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients in a prospective study. We performed modified peritoneal equilibration tests both with and without intraperitoneal neostigmine in a random order. Radiolabeled albumin (0.8 mg) was added to 2 liters of dialysate +/- 2.0 mg neostigmine. We evaluated ultrafiltration and creatinine, phosphate, and urea clearances. The dialysate bag and the peritoneum were scanned at the initiation and conclusion of the four-hour dwell period. We found no change in ultrafiltration, residual volumes, creatinine, phosphate and urea clearances, or albumin recovered. Of the seven patients exposed to neostigmine, four had diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. In conclusion, we found that 2 mg i.p. neostigmine did cause significant side-effects and did not alter transport characteristics in CAPD patients.
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PMID:Effect of intraperitoneal neostigmine on peritoneal transport characteristics in CAPD. 147 71

Mycophenolate mofetil (RS-61443), a derivative of mycophenolic acid, is a new immunosuppressive agent that inhibits de novo purine synthesis in activated lymphocytes. In a clinical trial of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of recurrent or persistent heart rejection, 17 patients 0.6 to 104 months (median 5.4 months) after transplantation received a daily oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil of 3000 mg, with seven patients increasing to 3500 mg daily. Azathioprine was routinely discontinued at the start of mycophenolate mofetil treatment. One patient in shock from acute rejection required retransplantation before starting mycophenolate mofetil and died 68 days later of cytomegalovirus sepsis. Another patient died 72 days after mycophenolate mofetil of protracted multisystem failure (present before mycophenolate mofetil). One patient required early cessation of mycophenolate mofetil, and the other 14 patients were alive and well 5 to 10 months after initiating mycophenolate mofetil treatment. Three patients required transient dose reduction and one patient required discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil because of nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal cramps. No other clinical side effects were noted. Frequency of rejection decreased from 0.67 rejection episodes per patient per month before mycophenolate mofetil to 0.27 rejection episodes per patient per month after mycophenolate mofetil (p < 0.0001). Frequency of infection was unchanged after mycophenolate mofetil (p = 0.9). Renal function was not affected by mycophenolate mofetil (creatinine clearance 1.8 mg/dl before mycophenolate mofetil vs 1.7 mg/dl after mycophenolate mofetil; p = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of recurrent heart rejection with mycophenolate mofetil (RS-61443): initial clinical experience. 806 Oct 21

Over a six-week period a 60-year-old patient had several unexplained intoxication-like episodes. He finally had severe abdominal cramps with changes in the level of consciousness and oligoanuric renal failure (creatinine 4.7 mg/dl). The history, marked metabolic acidosis (pH 7.15, HCO3- 2.2 mmol/l, pCO2 6.6 mmHg) as well as raised anion residue (43 mmol/l) and the presence of oxalates in urine suggested poisoning by ethylene glycol contained in antifreeze liquid. Intensive haemodialysis adequately eliminated ethylene glycol and its toxic metabolites (glycol aldehyde, glycolic acid). Renal function returned within 10 days, although the concentrating power of the kidney remained impaired for several weeks because of interstitial nephritis. The intoxication had been caused by a defective heating-pipe system from which the antifreeze had leaked into the hot-water boiler (the patient had habitually prepared hot drinks by using water from the hot-water tap). Gas chromatography demonstrated an ethylene glycol concentration of 21 g per litre of water.
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PMID:[Chronic ethylene glycol poisoning]. 848 40

A 27 years old woman was admitted due to abdominal cramps, jaundice and oligoanuria, starting 48 hours after eating Chinese food. Hepatic biochemical tests, abdominal ultrasound and retrograde pyelography were normal. The urine was intensely orange colored and microscopic analysis was normal. The serum creatinine and urea nitrogen on admission were 4.59 and 42.5 mg/dl and rose to 13.5 and 72.4 mg/dl, respectively, at the 6th hospital day. Oliguria lasted only 48 hours. Dialysis was not used, since the patient was in good general condition and uremic symptoms were absent. On the 7th day, azotemia began to subside and at the 14th day, serum creatinine was 1.0 mg/dl. Before hospital discharge, she confessed the ingestion of 2.000 mg of phenazopyridine, during a nervous breakdown, aiming to sleep deeply. Remarkable was the persistence of the orange color of her urine during several days and the dissociation between the rate of increase of serum creatinine with respect to urea nitrogen. This is an unusual case of acute renal failure caused by an overdose of a drug, commonly prescribed for urinary tract infections.
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PMID:[Acute renal failure caused by phenazopyridine]. 1287 16

Antimony is a poisonous element with toxic properties that mimic those of arsenic. Numerous reports describe gastrointestinal complications of vomiting, diarrhea and stomatitis associated with antimony exposure. However, antimony toxicity from the use of tartar emetic as a treatment for alcohol abuse has never been described previously. A 19-y-o man with a history of alcohol abuse ingested a 10 mL bottle of "Soluto Vital" (tartar emetic, 50 mg/mL), produced in Guatemala for treatment of alcohol abuse. He presented 60 min after ingestion with severe vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, weakness and orthostasis. Initial laboratory evaluations were remarkable for creatinine of 2.5 mg/dL, potassium 6.1 mEq/L, and 60% hematocrit. He was given activated charcoal, iv saline and antiemetics. Over the next 48 h his creatinine normalized to 1.1 mg/dL and the hematocrit returned to 53%; urine had an antimony concentration of 1200 mcg/L (normal = < 10 mcg/L). It is important to recognize that foreign alcohol therapies aversive therapy other than disulfiram may be used, the contents of such a foreign product should be identified.
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PMID:Antimony toxicity from the use of tartar emetic for the treatment of alcohol abuse. 1558 54

The aim of the research: identification of etiological structure of acute diarrheas and hemorrhagic colitis in Georgia, manifestation of clinical peculiarities and predictors of hemorrhagic colitis complicated by HUS ( Hemolytic-Uremic syndrome). In 2011-2013 we studied 274 hospitalized patients at the Center of Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology (160 hemorrhagic colitis and 114 non-bloody diarrhea). Causative agents of hemorrhagic colitis (160 patients) were determined in 110 (69%) cases; etiology of the non-bloody diarrhea (114 patients) was established in 46 (40%) cases. Enteronterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains are major causes of hemorrhagic colitis. For the confirmation of STEC infection by the bacteriological investigation some significant additional methods were used: serologic examination of feces on shiga- toxin molecular markers by ImmunoCard STAT and PCR methods. Thus, these above mentioned investigations contribute to diagnosis STEC infection at the early stage of the disease. Based on our findings we were able to reveal predictors of complications of hemorrhagic colitis by HUS. They include: Delayed hospitalization, rural residents, premorbid background, onset of the disease with low-grade fever accompanied with abdominal cramps, manifestation of bloody diarrhea on the 2-3-rd days of the disease, frequent bowl movement (>20 times a day), development of oliguria and edema on the following days, leucocytosis in hemogram, elevation of LDH, creatinine and urea, hypoalbuminemia and development of ascites.
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PMID:Clinical and epidemiological peculiarities of hemorrhagic colitis complicated by hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 2534 Dec 42