Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0000729 (abdominal cramps)
 531 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When the usual workup for chronic diarrhea fails to provide a diagnosis and the endoscopic findings are normal, alternative etiologies must be considered. This case of collagenous colitis represents such an alternative diagnosis. The patient is a 65-year-old woman who complained of abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea for an 8-month span. The key element to her diagnosis was subepithelial collagen deposits of the mucosa of the colon. Her symptoms were resolved with supportive care, diet, and diphenoxylate. Essential features and treatment of collagenous colitis are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Collagenous colitis as a cause of chronic diarrhea. 199 13

Misoprostol has been evaluated in healthy subjects for both antisecretory and pharmacological activity. Doses used were determined initially from acute and chronic tolerance testing in healthy subjects. In the single dosage range of 50-200 micrograms, misoprostol inhibits gastric acid secretion in a dose-related manner both in the basal state and after stimuli such as histamine and standard test meals. The 200 micrograms dose differs significantly from placebo as an antisecretory agent. A preliminary study in six subjects suggested that the 400 micrograms dose does not produce a substantial increase in activity over the 200 micrograms dose. Furthermore, side-effects such as diarrhea and abdominal cramps appear to be dose related. The antisecretory action of misoprostol is maximal one hour after drug administration and is negligible after 4-5 hours. These factors have until now dictated a 50-200 micrograms q.i.d. dosing regimen for misoprostol in clinical trials against peptic ulcer. Misoprostol does not significantly affect platelet function in terms of ADP-, collagen- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Measurements of FEV1, vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow rate have revealed that misoprostol has no significant bronchodilating or bronchoconstricting effect. Studies of endocrine function revealed only a slight rise within the normal range in serum cortisol in women.
 ...
PMID:Misoprostol clinical pharmacology. Establishment of activity in man. 393 46

Levamisole, an anthelmintic agent with a wide range of immunomodulatory actions, has been used successfully as monotherapy and an adjunct to treatment in a variety of diseases. Since 1990, combination therapy of levamisole and fluorouracil has played an important role in the treatment of resected Dukes stage C adenocarcinoma of the colon. Because of its immunomodulating effects levamisole has been used in a wide range of diseases with and without success. In dermatologic disease levamisole has been successfully used in the treatment of parasitic, viral and bacterial infections including leprosy, collagen vascular diseases, inflammatory skin diseases and children with impaired immune a variety of reasons. It has also been used in combination with other drugs for treating a number of dermatologic disorders, e.g. in combination with cimetidine for treating recalcitrant warts, with prednisolone for treating lichen planus, erythema multiforme and aphthous ulcers of the mouth. Adverse affects of levamisole are mild and infrequent and include rash, nausea, abdominal cramps, taste alteration, alopecia, arthralgia, and a flu-like syndrome. It can rarely cause agranulocytosis. More studies need to be undertaken to study the full potential of levamisole in dermatologic diseases.
 ...
PMID:Levamisole in dermatology : a review. 1510 74

Collagenous colitis is characterised by watery diarrhoea, normal colonic mucosa on endoscopy, diffuse colitis with surface epithelial injury, and a distinctive thickening of the subepithelial collagen table on histology. Some patients can develop medically refractory collagenous colitis, in which case they may require surgical intervention. This is the first report of collagenous pouchitis in a collagenous colitis patient with proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. A patient with medically refractory collagenous colitis who underwent a total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was sequentially evaluated with an endoscopy and histology of the colon, distal small intestine, and ileal pouch. A 58-year-old female had a 10-year history of collagenous colitis before having a total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for medically refractory disease. The histologic features of collagenous colitis were present in all colon and rectum biopsy or resection specimens, but were absent in the distal ileum specimen. The post-operative course was complicated by persistent increase of stool frequency, abdominal cramps, and incontinence. A pouch endoscopy was performed 3 years after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis which showed the histologic features of collagenous colitis in the ileal pouch, collagenous pouchitis, while the pre-pouch neo-terminal ileum had no pathologic changes. After antibiotic therapy, the histologic changes of collagenous pouchitis resolved. This is the first reported case of collagenous pouchitis. Since the abnormal collagen table and its associated features were only present in the pouch and absent in the neo-terminal ileum, and the patient had histologic improvement after antibiotic therapy, it would suggest that faecal stasis and bacterial load may play a role in the pathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Collagenous pouchitis. 1680 49