Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000729 (abdominal cramps)
 531 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pyridostigmine is known as a pre-treatment drug against intoxication with organophosphorus nerve agents. During the Persian Gulf war, we encountered a cluster of nine cases of pyridostigmine self-poisoning, of which three presented with mixed drug poisoning. The clinical and laboratory features of pyridostigmine toxicity are presented. Doses ranged between 390 and 900 mg. Pyridostigmine ingestion resulted in mild to moderate cholinergic symptoms such as abdominal cramps, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, hypersalivation, urinary incontinence, fasciculations, muscle weakness and blurred vision. No central nervous system manifestations were evident. The symptoms developed within several minutes and lasted up to 24 h. All patients underwent gastric emptying followed by administration of activated charcoal. Atropine (1-8 mg) was required in only three patients. Measurement of serum cholinesterase inhibition was found to be a reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool in pyridostigmine poisoning. No clear correlation was found between the extent of cholinesterase inhibition and the incidence or severity of the cholinergic signs. The clinical recovery was faster than the spontaneous recovery of the enzyme. Pyridostigmine intoxication is self-limited and well tolerated by young healthy adults.
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PMID:Acute pyridostigmine overdose: a report of nine cases. 175 42

12 cases of food-borne botulism were registered in Sion, Switzerland, between 31 December, 1993 and 12 January, 1994. A type B toxin was isolated from the serum of one patient and from the incriminated ham. Clinical data of 10 male patients aged 21 to 54 years and some epidemiologic data are reported. The clinical course was mild to moderate with predominant autonomic and gastro-intestinal symptoms and signs: blurred vision (10 patients of 10), dry mouth with dysphagia (9/10), asthenia (7/10), diarrhea and/or constipation (7/10), nausea and vomiting (6/10), abdominal cramps (5/10), impaired sexual function (5/10), dilated pupils (4/10). Some discomfort (mainly blurred vision, asthenia and impaired sexual function) persisted for several months in most patients. Neuromuscular involvement was never the reason for seeking medical assistance and had often disappeared at the time of the first visit. Two patients were hospitalized, one for transient ileus of unknown origin and the second (first suspected case) for monitoring and infusion of trivalent equine botulinum antitoxin. This treatment was administered on day eight after intoxication and had no effect on this patient's outcome when compared with others. No patient died. Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of botulism are discussed.
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PMID:[Epidemic of type B botulism: Sion, December 1993-January 1994]. 748 37

Scombroid fish poisoning is an acute illness that occurs after eating fish containing high levels of histamine or other biogenic amines. Symptoms typically include facial flushing, sweating, rash, a burning or peppery taste in the mouth, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps and usually resolve within several hours without medical intervention. More severe symptoms (e.g., respiratory distress, swelling of the tongue and throat, and blurred vision) can occur and require medical treatment with antihistamines. In late 2006, two outbreaks of scombroid fish poisoning occurred, one in Louisiana and one in Tennessee. To determine the source of the outbreaks and to implement control measures, CDC and the state health departments in Louisiana and Tennessee conducted epidemiologic investigations, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted traceback investigations of the product. This report describes the results of those investigations, which indicated that the outbreaks in Louisiana and Tennessee were associated with tuna steaks from Indonesia and Vietnam, respectively. The majority of seafood eaten in the United States is imported. FDA programs to identify and prevent seafood hazards such as scombroid fish poisoning have made substantial progress but are able to inspect only a small proportion of seafood entering the United States. The only effective method for prevention of scombroid fish poisoning is consistent temperature control of fish at </=40 degrees F (</=4.4 degrees C) at all times between catching and consumption.
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PMID:Scombroid fish poisoning associated with tuna steaks--Louisiana and Tennessee, 2006. 1770 71

Despite being a favorite delicacy, only 200-300 of the 5,000 known mushroom species have been clearly established to be safe for consumption. Cases of mushroom poisoning have been reported with diverse clinical syndromes. A syndromic classification of mushroom poisoning has recently been developed to facilitate early interventions. We present a series of five cases of mushroom poisoning with muscarinic manifestations to highlight the difficulties we faced with exact species and toxin identification and the importance of this syndromic classification. The common symptoms in our case series are blurred vision, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.
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PMID:Early onset muscarinic manifestations after wild mushroom ingestion. 1938 18

A 65 year old woman presented to the Emergency Department of our district general hospital three hours following ingestion of a blended mixture of apples and foxglove leaves, mistaking them for spinach leaves. She complained of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, dizziness and blurred vision.
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PMID:'Outfoxed' - out of season. 2161 74