Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000729 (abdominal cramps)
 531 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Maytansine, an ansa macrolide, was evaluated in an early clinical trial in 40 adult patients with various solid tumors. Severe nausea and vomiting, sometimes associated with watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps, and liver function abnormalities, mainly elevation of serum glutamic--oxaloacetic transaminase levels, together constituted what we considered dose-limiting toxicity. Mild hematologic toxicity (mainly thrombocytopenia), neurotoxicity, and possibly cardiac toxicity were also noted. No antitumor effect was seen. An iv dose of 0.750 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, and 5 (total dose, 2.25 mg/m2) repeated every 4 weeks is recommended for Phase II trials.
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PMID:Early clinical study of an intermittent schedule for maytansine (NSC-153858): brief communication. 62 25

In an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by consumption of home-grown raw vegetable sprouts contaminated by Bacillus cereus, victims developed symptoms after an incubation period of 6-15 hours. Four persons initially experienced nausea and vomiting, and this was followed in 3 cases by abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Bacteriologic investigation indicated that B. cereus on unsprouted seeds proliferated during germination in a commercially sold seed sprouting kit and reached levels in excess of 10(7) per gram. B. cereus isolated from the incriminated sprouts exhibited enterotoxigenic activity when tested by the ligated rabbit ileal loop technique, the dermal reaction in guinea pigs, and the rabbit skin capillary permeability test. The diversity of symptoms and incubation periods attributed to B. cereus requires analysis for this often overlooked organism whenever food-borne gastroenteritis is suspected.
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PMID:An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food poisoning resulting from contaminated vegetable sprouts. 82 Jan 92

Inclusion of vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux associated with hiatal hernia has long been controversial. To evaluate the morbidity of vagotomy in the treatment of reflux esophagitis, a retrospective study of 311 patients treated by the Hill posterior gastropexy technique of hiatal hernia repair was tabulated. Vagotomy with the anti-reflux operation was performed upon 159 patients (51%). Vagotomy was not included for 152 patients (49%). The incidence of postoperative symptoms with or without vagotomy was almost equally divided--41% without vagotomy and 47% with vagotomy. However, the major postoperative symptoms that occurred in both groups were abdominal cramps and bloating which usually disappeared in the early postoperative period and were attributed to the anti-reflux procedure and not to vagotomy. When vagotomy was included with the anti-reflux operation, the incidence and duration of long term, disabling postoperative symptoms were significantly increased. Diarrhea occurred two times more frequently. Nausea and vomiting occurred ten times more frequently and dumping was present only in vagotomized patients. Long term postoperative symptoms, judged on a basis of symptoms lasting longer than three months duration, occurred in 1% of patients without vagotomy and 26% when vagotomy was included. This study revealed that no additional protection against recurrent symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux or radiographic evidence of recurrent hiatal hernia was provided by inclusion of vagotomy. In conclusion, vagotomy is contraindicated in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux except in the presence of peptic ulcer disease.
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PMID:Complications of vagotomy in the treatment of hiatal hernia. 97 50

One hundred and nine distance runners participated in a questionnaire survey of bowel function related to running. Thirteen (12%) had had fecal incontinence while running. Sixty-eight (62%) had stopped to have a bowel movement while training. Forty-seven (43%) had "nervous" diarrhea before competition and 13 (12%) had stopped during competition for a bowel movement. Fifty-one (47%) had experienced diarrhea after racing or hard runs and 17 (16%) had seen blood in their stool in the same situations. Runners who had nervous diarrhea before competition were more likely to have symptoms of milk intolerance and irregular bowel function when not exercising, and runners who had symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome often had to stop for a bowel movement during training. Runners with diarrhea after racing or hard runs frequently experienced severe abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting, and occasionally, rectal bleeding at the same time. Any form of "runners' diarrhea" was unrelated to age, previous intestinal infection or food poisoning, food allergies, or dietary fiber.
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PMID:Runners' diarrhea. Different patterns and associated factors. 155 21

Surveys of athletes, primarily runners, have shown that digestive disorders are common, associated both with training and racing. Women, in particular, seem to suffer most commonly. Nearly half have loose stools and nausea and vomiting occur frequently after hard runs. Diarrhoea, incontinence and rectal bleeding occur with surprising frequency. Runners may use medications prophylactically to minimise some of these symptoms. Upper digestive symptoms seem to occur more commonly in multisport events such as triathlons or enduro. The published literature is difficult to analyse and the basic intestinal physiology not well studied. Most gastroenterologists are accustomed to evaluating the fasting patient at rest and exercise physiologists are seldom experienced with digestive techniques. Digestive symptoms occurring with exercise referable to the oesophagus include chest pain, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, or symptoms related to alterations in motility. While little is known of the oesophageal physiology during exercise, it is believed that only minimal changes occur in most subjects. Gastro-oesophageal reflux occurs more frequently with exercise than at rest and may produce symptoms of chest pain suggestive of ischaemic disease. Acid exposure may be reduced by pretreatment with histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Oesophageal symptoms, though common, are rarely disabling to the athlete, and the clinical importance lies in confusion with ischaemic disease. Cases of acute gastric stasis following running have been reported and gastric physiology during exercise, particularly bicycling, has been more actively investigated. Gastric emptying during exercise is subject to a number of factors including calorie count, meal osmolality, meal temperature and exercise conditions. However, it is generally accepted that light exercise accelerates liquid emptying, vigorous exercise delays solid emptying and has little effect upon liquid emptying until near exhaustion. Gastric acid secretion probably changes little with exercise although some have postulated that ulcer patients may increase secretion with exercise. Some exercise-associated digestive symptoms, such as diarrhoea and abdominal pain, have been attributed to changes in intestine function. Small bowel transit is delayed by exercise when measured by breath hydrogen oral caecal transit times and motility may be reduced as well. Intestinal absorption during exercise has not been well evaluated but probably changes little in ordinary circumstances. Passive absorption of water, electrolytes and xylose are not affected by submaximal effort. Colonic transit and function is even more difficult to evaluate and published results have been conflicting. However, it is likely that many of the lower digestive complaints of runners such as diarrhoea and lower abdominal cramps are due to direct effects of exercise upon the colon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. 218 30

The syndrome "Traveller's Diarrhea" (TD) is important for tourists travelling to warm-climate countries. In this study a worldwide survey on the clinical features of enteritis among 1,455 Austrian tourists is reported. The clinical parameters of TD show that this disease exhibits a very uniform clinical course which is not influenced by different regions with considerable differences in aetiology or by travel-associated parameters such as accommodation, travel style and individual dietary hygiene: TD starts mainly at the end of first week of the stay and the average duration of illness is 3.6 +/- 2.7 days. Watery and mucous stools were reported by 99% of patients with a frequency of 4 bowel movements per day, while bloody diarrhea occurred very rarely. However, 57.2% of patients suffered from abdominal cramps, less than one third of patients reported nausea and/or vomiting and fever accompanied the acute disease in 13%. Symptoms indicate that TD should not be considered a severe disease. The diarrheal illness will show the characteristics of an enteroinvasive disease only in rare cases. Treatment of TD is discussed: symptomatic or other non-antibiotic agents are preferable as antibiotics will only occasionally be necessary for treatment of an illness with a self-limiting character. For prophylaxis of TD, the preferable way to resolve the problem of TD in international travel, very few effective preparations are currently available, emphasizing the need for extensive research in this field.
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PMID:Traveller's diarrhea among Austrian tourists to warm climate countries: II. Clinical features. 279 10

12 cases of food-borne botulism were registered in Sion, Switzerland, between 31 December, 1993 and 12 January, 1994. A type B toxin was isolated from the serum of one patient and from the incriminated ham. Clinical data of 10 male patients aged 21 to 54 years and some epidemiologic data are reported. The clinical course was mild to moderate with predominant autonomic and gastro-intestinal symptoms and signs: blurred vision (10 patients of 10), dry mouth with dysphagia (9/10), asthenia (7/10), diarrhea and/or constipation (7/10), nausea and vomiting (6/10), abdominal cramps (5/10), impaired sexual function (5/10), dilated pupils (4/10). Some discomfort (mainly blurred vision, asthenia and impaired sexual function) persisted for several months in most patients. Neuromuscular involvement was never the reason for seeking medical assistance and had often disappeared at the time of the first visit. Two patients were hospitalized, one for transient ileus of unknown origin and the second (first suspected case) for monitoring and infusion of trivalent equine botulinum antitoxin. This treatment was administered on day eight after intoxication and had no effect on this patient's outcome when compared with others. No patient died. Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of botulism are discussed.
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PMID:[Epidemic of type B botulism: Sion, December 1993-January 1994]. 748 37

Migraine is an episodic headache disorder associated with various combinations of neurologic, gastrointestinal, and autonomic symptoms. Gastrointestinal disturbances including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, or diarrhea are almost universal. Sensory hyperexcitability manifested by photophobia, phonophobia, and osmophobia are frequently experienced. Other symptoms include blurry vision, nasal stuffiness, tenesmus, polyuria, pallor, and sweating. Our telephone interview survey of 500 self-reported migraine sufferers was performed in 1994. The most common reported symptoms associated with migraine were pain, nausea, problems with vision, and vomiting. Nausea occurred in more than 90% of all migraineurs; nearly one third of these experienced nausea during every attack. Vomiting occurred in almost 70% of all migraineurs; nearly one third of these vomited in the majority of attacks. In those who experienced nausea, 30.5% indicated that it interfered with their ability to take their oral migraine medication; in those with vomiting, 42.2% indicated that it interfered with their ability to take their oral migraine medication. The most important features of a migraine medication were rapid and effective relief of headache pain, decreasing the likelihood of headache recurrence, and not causing nausea. Many migraine patients suffer needlessly because their nausea and vomiting are both unreported to, and unrecognized by physicians. The presence of these symptoms is crucial to diagnose migraine not accompanied by aura.
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PMID:Migraine symptoms: results of a survey of self-reported migraineurs. 767 55

CPT-11 (irinotecan) is a promising anticancer agent with a novel mechanism of action dependent on the inhibition of the DNA eukaryotic enzyme, topoisomerase I. The clinical utility of CPT-11 in advanced colorectal cancer has been documented in more than 400 patients recruited in phase II clinical trials in Europe, Japan, and United States. Among 178 eligible patients in a multicenter European study, the overall response rate to CPT-11 on a once-every-3-weeks regimen was 18%, and the median duration of response was 9.1 months. Thirty-two percent of the patients had no evidence of disease progression at 6 months. These results were similar in chemotherapy-naive and pretreated patients. These findings are consistent with the results of other studies conducted in Japan and the United States in which a weekly CPT-11 regimen was associated with response rates of 15% to 32% in chemotherapy-naive or pretreated patients. The principal adverse events of CPT-11 are neutropenia and delayed diarrhea, which in the European studies developed as grade 3 or 4 toxicity in 21% and 12% of the cycles (47% and 38% of patients), respectively. Neutropenia did not appear to be cumulative, with total recovery by day 22 in most cases. Loperamide was considered the most effective agent for controlling delayed diarrhea. Other adverse events included an early cholinergic-like syndrome (consisting of diaphoresis, early diarrhea, and abdominal cramps), nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and alopecia. In conclusion, CPT-11 has shown promising antitumor activity in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, including those refractory to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based regimens, suggesting no cross-resistance to 5-FU. CPT-11 appears to have activity similar to that of 5-FU in first-line treatment and, moreover, remains active after failure of 5-FU therapy. The specific gastrointestinal toxicity is manageable, and a better control of this type of toxicity is expected in the future. CPT-11 would therefore appear a welcome addition to the oncology armamentarium for this difficult-to-treat malignancy.
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PMID:CPT-11 in the treatment of colorectal cancer: clinical efficacy and safety profile. 863 52

An outbreak of gastrointestinal illness occurred amongst attendees of a conference lunch in the Hunter area, New South Wales, in October 2001. A distinctive symptom reported by many ill persons was the presence of oily diarrhoea. The Hunter Public Health Unit investigated the outbreak by conducting a telephone interview of the cohort of conference attendees using a standard questionnaire. Twenty persons out of 44 attendees (46%) became ill following the conference. The median incubation period was 2.5 hours (range 1-90 hours). The most common symptoms reported were; diarrhoea (80%)-38 per cent of these reported oily diarrhoea; abdominal cramps (50%); nausea (45%); headache (35%) and vomiting (25%). For analyses, a case was defined as a person who developed oily diarrhea, or diarrhoea within 48 hours, or had at least two other symptoms of gastroenteritis within 6 hours, of the conference lunch. Seventeen persons had symptoms that met the case definition. None of the foods or beverages consumed were significantly associated with illness, however, all cases had consumed fish and none of those who did not eat fish (4 persons) became ill. Moreover, only 'fish' or 'potato chips' could explain a significant proportion of the illness. Analysis of the oil composition of the fish consumed was consistent with the known profile of the species marketed as 'escolar'. Among those who consumed fish the following potential risk factors did not have a significant association with the illness; Body Mass Index, age, health status and the amount of fish consumed. We concluded that consumption of fish within the marketing group escolar can cause severe abdominal cramping, nausea and vomiting, in addition to incontinent diarrhoea.
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PMID:An outbreak of gastrointestinal illness associated with the consumption of escolar fish. 1241 7


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