Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000729 (abdominal cramps)
 531 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastroenteritis due to Salmonella enteritis is an endemic disease in our region, extraintestinal manifestations however are rare. We report a 8 years old girl who presented after 4 days of an unspecific diarrheal disease with watery liquid stools, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever above 39 Grad C and symptoms and signs of an acute abdominal emergency. Mid abdominal laparotomy disclosed a cholecystitis with reactive peritonitis. Cultures of bile showed Salmonella group B as the causative organism. Cholecystectomy was performed, postoperatively Gentamycin later Chloramphenicol was administered. The postoperative course was unremarkable. Cholecystitis is a rare disease in pediatrics. Gallstones don't seem to play a roll in the etiology unlike in adults. It usually follow serious systemic infections or postoperatively after unrelated abdominal surgery due to overgrowth of the biliary system and organisms contaminating the upper gastrointestinal tract (biliary stasis, dehydration). Salmonella enteritidis as a cause of a cholecystitis is a rare event.
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PMID:[Salmonella-cholecystitis (author's transl)]. 53 Jul 33

Hunger and satiety appear to reflect the postabsorptive and absorptive phases of caloric homeostasis, respectively. However, only some of the signals that inhibit food intake can be related to caloric homeostasis. For example, decreases in food intake also are observed after administration of nauseogenic chemical agents, treatment with cholecystokinin (CCK), or dehydration. In each case, inhibition of food intake is correlated with induced decreases in gastric motility and increases in secretion of pituitary oxytocin in rats; in primates, including humans, vasopressin but not oxytocin is secreted. In contrast, meal-induced satiety increases gastric contractions and has little or no effect on neurohypophyseal hormone secretion in rats or human subjects. Nauseogenic toxins, CCK, and dehydration stimulate very different subjective states from satiety: LiCl elicits abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting, as does exogenous CCK in high doses, whereas dehydration elicits thirst. Thus, inhibition of eating may not be associated with satiety or reflect changes in caloric flux; noncaloric controls of food intake exist and may be accompanied by distinctive increases in neurohypophyseal hormone secretion and loss of gastric function.
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PMID:Caloric and noncaloric controls of food intake. 195 22

1 A 21-year-old student ingested thirty ricin seeds in a suicidal attempt, some of which were masticated. Three hours later he developed severe diarrhoea with vomiting and abdominal cramps, followed by extracellular dehydration and circulatory collapse. 2 Biological changes included haemoconcentration. He recovered following symptomatic treatment by infusion of saline and glucose solutions. 3 Ricin was quantified by a radioimmunologic method using Iodine 125, and showed that only a small part of the ricin contained in the seeds was absorbed.
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PMID:Acute voluntary intoxication by ricin. 686 67

Vibrio cholerae O139 was recovered from 28 of 79 children with acute watery diarrhoea. Clinically, they presented with watery diarrhoea (100%), vomiting (79%), abdominal cramps (61%), anorexia (61%), dehydration (100%), and absence of fever. Both clinical and blood biochemical parameters of these cases were similar to the illness caused by the new strain in adults. Hypoglycaemia was seen in 40% of those screened.
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PMID:Vibrio cholerae O139 in Calcutta. 794 42

Infectious diarrhea is a very common, usually self-limited disease. Among travellers to developing countries, diarrhea is by far the most common medical problem. The intake of sufficient glucose-electrolyte solutions is the most important step to prevent dehydration. Loperamide may be prescribed as a valuable antimotility agent: however, this drug should not be used in patients with high fevers, bloody diarrhea and severe abdominal cramps. Stool cultures are recommended in cases without improvement, when clostridium difficile is suspected and when multiple cases occur. Antibiotics are indicated for treatment of certain microorganisms, for patients with immunosuppression and in dysenteric syndromes. They are not recommended for prophylaxis on a routine basis.
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PMID:[Infectious diarrhea]. 896 15

Abdominal cramping, nausea, diarrhea, and GI bleeding are often reported in long-distance runners. This study set out to determine the effects of prolonged (2-4 hrs) exercise and NSAID ingestion on gastric and intestinal permeability during the first 5 hrs following the 1996 Chicago Marathon. Thirty-four healthy volunteers (20 M, 14 F; ages 30-50) completed the race and ingested the test solution (5 g sucrose, 5 g lactulose, 2 g rhamnose, in 40 ml water) within 10-15 min. The urinary excretion ratio of lactulose/rhamnose was used to assess small intestine permeability; sucrose excretion was used to evaluate gastric impairment. There were no significant differences for mean training mileage, postrace rectal temperature, and percent dehydration between runners who ingested NSAIDs and those who did not. In all, 75% of subjects reported aspirin or ibuprofen ingestion before or during the race. Runners who ingested ibuprofen had significant elevations in urinary lactulose excretion and lactulose/rhamnose ratio, whereas those who ingested aspirin or who did not ingest either NSAID had no significant differences in urinary excretion of lactulose, rhamnose, sucrose, or lactulose/rhamnose ratio compared to resting controls. Thirteen of the 26 NSAID users and 4 of the 8 non-users reported GI symptoms. It is concluded that (a) ibuprofen but not aspirin ingestion during prolonged exercise may increase gastrointestinal permeability and lead to GI symptoms, and (b) prolonged exercise alone can produce GI symptoms.
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PMID:Intestinal permeability in runners in the 1996 Chicago marathon. 1066 Aug 73

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that immunocompromised people avoid exposure to cryptosporidium in outbreak settings by drinking water that is boiled, filtered, or bottled. A parasite, cryptosporidium is spread when persons ingest infected feces of humans or animals, or eat raw or undercooked vegetables contaminated with an egg-like form of the parasite. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, headache, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and low-grade fever; in immunocompromised patients infection often leads to weight loss, dehydration, and may become life-threatening. Drugs can treat the symptoms, although cryptosporidiosis is not curable and often recurs in severely immunocompromised patients. To prevent becoming infected; HIV-positive people should not drink water from lakes, rivers, and swimming pools; avoid unpasteurized milk or milk products; wash hands after contact with pets or with soil; and follow safe-sex guidelines. The CDC also recommends that in settings with an outbreak of cryptosporidium, individuals boil water for one minute to kill the parasite or use a filter for tap water that is capable of removing particles less than one micron in diameter. A third option is to use bottled water for drinking, although it is difficult to know which is safe since no organization regulates it.
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PMID:CDC provides guidelines on suspect water supplies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1136 76

Infectious diseases kill about 11 million children each year while acute diarrhoeal diseases account for 3.1 million deaths in children under 5 yr of age, of which 6,00,000 deaths annually are contributed by shigellosis alone. Shigellosis, also known as acute bacillary dysentery, is characterized by the passage of loose stools mixed with blood and mucus and accompanied by fever, abdominal cramps and tenesmus. It may be associated with a number of complications of which haemolytic uraemic syndrome is the most serious. Shigellosis is caused by Shigella spp. which can be subdivided into four serogroups namely S.sonnei, S.boydii, S.flexneri and S.dysenteriae. Organisms as low as 10-100 in number can cause the disease. Shigellosis can occur in sporadic, epidemic and pandemic forms. Epidemics have been reported from Central American countries, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and from the Indian subcontinent, Vellore, eastern India and Andaman and Nicobar islands. Plasmid profile of shigellae in Kolkata has shown a correlation between presence of smaller plasmids and shigellae serotypes- indicating epidemiological changes of the species. Diagnosis of shigellosis is essentially clinical. Laboratory diagnosis includes stool culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Treatment includes use of an effective antibiotic, rehydration therapy (if there is dehydration) and appropriate feeding during and after an episode of shigellosis. Hand-washing is the single most important strategy for prevention of transmission of shigellosis from person to person. A safe and effective vaccine should be developed against the more important circulating strains i.e., S. dysenteriae type 1 and S. flexneri 2a.
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PMID:Shigellosis : challenges & management issues. 1559 29

Sugars normally are absorbed in the small intestine. When carbohydrates are malabsorbed, the osmotic load produced by the high amount of low molecular weight sugars and partially digested starches in the small intestine can cause symptoms of intestinal distention, rapid peristalsis, and diarrhea. Colonic bacteria normally metabolize proximally malabsorbed dietary carbohydrate through fermentation to small fatty acids and gases (ie, hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide). When present in large amounts, the malabsorbed sugars and starches can be excreted in the stool. Sugar intolerance is the presence of abdominal symptoms related to the proximal or distal malabsorption of dietary carbohydrates. The symptoms consist of meal-related abdominal cramps and distention, increased flatulence, borborygmus, and diarrhea. Infants and young children with carbohydrate malabsorption show more intense symptoms than adults; the passage of undigested carbohydrates through the colon is more rapid and is associated with detectable carbohydrates in copious watery acid stools. Dehydration often follows feeding of the offending sugar. In this review we present the clinical and current molecular aspects of disaccharidase digestion.
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PMID:Disaccharide digestion: clinical and molecular aspects. 1652 88

Abdominal pain is common feature of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, which may mimic appendicitis, leading to unnecessary laparotomy. Accordingly, the diagnosis must be confirmed by ultrasonography or computed tomography scan before laparotomy is performed. The authors report a case of simultaneous occurrence of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura and gangrenous appendicitis in an 18 year-old boy. The patient was admitted with abdominal pain, cramps, and mild dehydration. He also complained of small reddish purple on his lower limbs, bilateral knee pain, low-grade fever, as well as bloody stools. The symptoms subsided completely. Eight days later, he returned with nonbloody, nonbilious emesis, abdominal cramps, and right lower quadrant abdominal tenderness. Abdominal ultrasound evaluation was performed to rule out an intussusception but demonstrated appendiceal dilatation with a possible appendicolith without any evidence of intussusception. A laparotomy was undertaken, and appendectomy was performed for gangrenous appendicitis. Simultaneous occurrence of Henoch-Schonlein purpura and acute appendicitis is rarely observed. Clinical features of the patients may mislead the clinicians, resulting in delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. The use of ultrasonography and computed tomography scan would confirm the diagnosis before surgery.
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PMID:Gangrenous appendicitis in a child with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. 1897 Sep 18


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