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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Massive spontaneous "anticoagulant" hemorrhage in the bowel wall may cause an acute abdomen with signs of intestinal obstruction within a few hours. An operative revision is indicated if a barium study is not possible to secure this rare diagnosis and therefore other much commoner causes of an acute abdominal illness are not to be excluded. While out of 42 patients, in whom the hemorrhagic segment was resected, only two died as a probable result of the operation, several cases are known where a survival without laparotomy was unimaginable. The dangers of a laparotomy should not, therefore, be overemphasized.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects and therapy of spontaneous under-anticoagulants-occurring intramural intestinal hemorrhages]. 30 82

Ischemic colitis has been previously described in three forms: transient, strictured, and gangrenous. A fourth form of presentation in the elderly is characterized by signs of an acute abdomen, massive colonic dilatation, and systemic toxicity. Bloody diarrhea may be seen prior to the onset of dilatation. Ischemia should be considered as an etiologic factor in "colitis" in the elderly patient with segmental dilatation particularly if it follows a "low flow state." The rectum is usually uninvolved. Barium enema may confirm segmental involvement and later demonstrate stricture. Three patients with ischemic megacolon are presented. The diagnosis was suspected preoperatively in only one. In contrast to ulcerative colitis, these patients show a more abrupt onset and run a fulminant course. In patients who recover, there is lower relapse rate than young patients with ulcerative colitis. When resection is indicated, all attempts should be made to spare the rectum. Loop ileostomy and decompressive colostomy offer an excellent temporizing measure to assist the patient through the acute phase of the illness.
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PMID:Megacolon in the elderly. Ischemic or inflammatory? 46 76

Torsion of the wandering spleen is an unusual cause of an acute abdomen, rarely diagnosed preoperatively. The authors describe a case which was suspected prior to surgery and confirmed by radionuclide imaging. Radiographic findings include an extrinsic mass on barium-enema examination and absence of the splenic shadow in the left upper quadrant.
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PMID:Torsion of the wandering spleen seen as a migratory abdominal mass. 84 69

Intussusception is one of the leading causes of bowel obstruction in early infancy and childhood. From 1984-1989, 67 patients under 2 years of age with intussusception were diagnosed and treated in our institution. There were 48 boys and 19 girls ranging in age from 2 months to 2 years with a mean of 7.4 months. Presenting symptoms and signs included abdominal pain (96%), vomiting (93%), rectal bleeding (60%) and a palpable mass (67%). Symptoms and signs were present for less than 24 hours in about 80% of cases. Most of the intussusceptions were of the ileocolic type (75%). The overall success rate of hydrostatic barium enema reduction was 49%. The highest rate of reduction by enema was among patients between 9 and 16 months of age (83%). The success rate of barium enema reduction was negligible after 24 hours of cardinal symptoms. Five children underwent surgical exploration without contrast studies because of delayed presentation and signs of an acute abdomen. A pathological lead point was found in only four cases, the commonest being Meckel's diverticulum. The average length of hospitalization was 2.57 days after barium enema reduction and 7.55 days after surgical reduction. There were no deaths. There was no case of perforation during enema reduction. Three children had recurrence within 3 months of initial presentation. The best outcome is associated with early diagnosis and barium enema reduction, or selected surgical intervention when indicated.
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PMID:Intussusception in children under 2 years of age in the State of Qatar : analysis of 67 cases. 137 79

Intussusception is one of the more common causes of an acute abdomen in infancy. There is discussion about the appropriate method of treatment, and especially about the criteria for hydrostatic reduction. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of patients with intussusception presenting at the Paediatric Surgical Centre in Amsterdam, a retrospective study was carried out. 84 Cases were seen between 1980-1990. Three quarters of the children were operated, one-third without prior barium enema. In half the cases an attempt at hydrostatic reduction was made, and this succeeded in only 43%. Ultrasound was only rarely used diagnostically. The literature shows that the use of air to attempt reduction is more likely to be effective and less likely to cause complications than barium.
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PMID:[Experiences in the treatment of intestinal invagination in children]. 160 45

Ultrasonography demonstrated intussusception in a healthy and well nourished seven-month-old infant who presented with a four-day history of vomiting and abdominal pain. Plain film showed a right-sided abdominal mass, a paucity of gas within the right lower quadrant and loops of distended small bowel. This led to ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract that demonstrated typical "bull's eye" pattern within the intussusception process. No barium studies were performed and confirmation was obtained at operation. Ultrasonography of the bowel may be of value when investigating children with atypical acute abdomen.
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PMID:Ultrasonographic demonstration of intussusception in the acute abdomen in a Zambian infant. 266 43

Radiological findings were evaluated in a series of 25 cases with malignant and three with benign small bowel tumours with surgical or autopsy confirmation of diagnosis. 27 patients were operated, two of them without any radiography due to 'acute abdomen'. 23 patients were examined with ultrasound, 14 with barium examination, seven with CT, four with plain films and two with angiography. Ultrasound revealed 16 (70%) out of 23 tumours, in two cases result was abnormal but the tumour was not found and in five cases no abnormality was identified. Eleven barium examinations (78%) showed signs of tumour, one showed signs of occlusion but not the tumour and in two cases no abnormality was found. The tumour was seen in six of seven cases examined with CT. Our results proved that US is useful as screening study. Barium studies are needed for exact location of the tumour and in US negative cases.
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PMID:Radiological findings in small-bowel tumours. 284 59

CT is a noninvasive investigation that in many instances is more sensitive in elucidating intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal disease than is conventional radiography. With modern scanners, the procedure is rapid and efficient and suitable for the most severely ill and infirm. The scans are easily interpretable, and the anatomic and morphologic depiction of disease is readily understood by those with surgical training. Information regarding the state of the bowel wall, mesentery, and intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal structures is displayed in greater detail than by any other diagnostic imaging modality. The use of intravenous contrast medium is rarely essential. The concentration of iodinated contrast needed for opacification of the bowel is no greater than 2 per cent to 5 per cent and will not complicate bowel surgery, as would standard upper gastrointestinal or barium enema studies. Abscess, free air, calcium, and intraperitoneal fluid are very sensitively detected. CT is extremely useful in aiding surgical decision making in the acute abdomen and is complementary to or has replaced conventional studies.
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PMID:Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the acute abdomen. 327 44

Retroperitoneal, mesenteric, and omental cysts are rare abdominal tumors occurring in approximately one of 105,000 hospitalized patients. These cysts have a similar pathogenesis that primarily may be ectopic lymphatic tissue. Retroperitoneal and mesenteric cysts can occur anywhere in the area between the duodenum and rectum but are most common in the small-bowel mesentery, especially the ileum. They can appear as chronic abdominal pain, a painless abdominal mass, or acute abdomen. The most common physical finding of a retroperitoneal or mesenteric cyst is a compressible abdominal mass, movable transversely but not longitudinally; omental cysts are freely movable. Diagnostic aids include abdominal computed tomography and ultrasound. The upper gastro-intestinal (GI) tract series, barium enema examination, and intravenous pyelogram exclude GI and genitourinary cysts and tumors. Treatment of choice is enucleation; resection of the adjacent bowel may occasionally be necessary. Morbidity and mortality should be very low because of modern surgical techniques and follow-up procedures.
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PMID:Retroperitoneal, mesenteric, and omental cysts. 673 94

On occasion gastric ulcers may be recognized on plain abdominal radiographs. A case in which a gastric ulcer was diagnosed on the plain abdominal radiograph, illustrating the importance of careful scrutiny of the plain film in all cases of acute abdomen, is presented. The existence of the lesser curvature ulcer was confirmed on barium contrast studies.
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PMID:Gastric ulcer diagnosed on a plain abdominal radiograph. 683 30


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