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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A variety of drugs and toxins can produce severe abdominal pain and, in some cases, a surgical abdomen. Toxins can be classified according to mechanisms of injury: 1. Corrosives often produce severe gastroenteritis and may result in gastric or esophageal perforations. Examples of corrosive substances include aspirin, iron, mercury, acids and alkali. 2. Drugs may cause intestinal ileus or obstruction by pharmacologic actions (i.e., anticholinergic drugs and narcotics) or by mechanical obstruction (charcoal and drug bezoars). 3. Abdominal pain simulating an acute abdomen may result from systemic effects of black widow spider envenomation or intoxication with heavy metals such as lead and arsenic. 4. Ischemic bowel disease may occur from use of vasoconstrictor drugs, such as ergotamines, amphetamines and cocaine, or may follow treatment with catecholamines or digitalis in critically ill patients. Small bowel ischemia is life-threatening and may require bowel resection. 5. Many drugs cause abdominal pain by directly injuring abdominal organs, such as the liver and pancreas. Antibiotic-associated colitis may present with abdominal pain and inflammatory diarrhea. Consideration of drugs and toxins plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen.
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PMID:Toxicologic causes of acute abdominal disorders. 266 62

The acute abdomen (AA) is a typical but very rare complication of idiopatic haemochromatosis (IH). The possible mechanisms are not sufficiently clarified. We report a case with IH who died with clinical features of (AA) 20 hours after gastroscopy was performed. The histological examination established nonspecific damage of visceral peritoneum and ascites. Fulminant form of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) as a reason of death is discussed, nevertheless endoscopic esophageal varices sclerotherapy was not performed. The role of pulmonary infection and intestinal bacterial overgrowth with possible bacterial translocation in mesenterial lymph nodes, ascitic fluid, and blood is also discussed. The source of infection is usually unknown. The iron is important factor for bacterial growth. The pluriglandular deposition of iron including the suprarenal glands is precondition to development of collapse. The possible pathogenesis of SBP in IH is discussed. It is important to mention that unlike SBP the clinical course of IH AA might appear which does not necessary require surgical management.
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PMID:[Acute surgical abdomen in idiopathic haemochromatosis]. 1251 36

The case of an 11-year-old girl who developed acute abdomen after an accidental fall over an iron bar is reported to discuss the diagnostic features and treatment options for traumatic rupture of a choledochal cyst (CC) in children. The patient was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of vomiting and abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed tenderness at the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Computed tomography findings revealed a rupture of a type IV CC and laceration of the liver. Cholecystectomy, total excision of the cyst, and hepaticojejunostomy were performed. Traumatic rupture of a CC is extremely rare in children, and only 2 cases have been reported. Because patients can be misdiagnosed as experiencing liver hematoma, computed tomography should be performed for all patients with free fluid in the abdomen and cystic mass on the initial evaluation.
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PMID:Traumatic Rupture of Choledochal Cyst in Children: Use of Computed Tomography in the Emergency Department. 2692 97

Intra-leiomyoma hemorrhage in postmenopausal woman is a very rare complication. This case report represents a case report of spontaneous hemorrhage inside the uterine leiomyoma in postmenopausal woman who presented with acute abdomen. A 55-year-old woman, multipara, postmenopausal for 7 years, known case of multiple fibroid uteruses, was presented to the emergency department of Ahmadi Hospital, Kuwait Oil Company, with acute abdominal pain and vomiting, without any reported trauma and/or associated vaginal bleeding. The studied woman was generally stable regarding her vital signs, her hemoglobin dropped from 12 to 10.2 g/dl. Abdominal examination revealed; palpable pelvi-abdominal mass firms in consistency with tenderness and guarding which provisionally support the diagnosis of degenerated fibroids or intra-leiomyoma hemorrhage. The diagnosis was confirmed by basic pelvi-abdominal ultrasound, followed by correction of the patient's general condition and total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy (TAHBSO). Bisected largest cystic fibroid showed brownish serous fluid inside with organized clotted hematoma which confirmed the diagnosis of intra-leiomyoma hemorrhage. Postoperatively, the studied woman received an unit of packed red blood cells for correction of the postoperative anemia and discharged from the hospital in good general condition for postoperative follow-up in the outpatients' department on iron tablets. This case report represents a rare complication of intra-leiomyoma hemorrhage in postmenopausal, diagnosed by the basic clinical and ultrasound findings. The case was managed by TAHBSO after correction of the general condition because of the increased risk of the sarcomatous changes of the uterine fibroid in postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Intra-leiomyoma hemorrhage in postmenopausal woman presented with acute abdominal pain. 3059 76