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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Progressive spread of necrosis in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the scrotum is the key feature of idiopathic scrotal gangrene. The disease may present initially as an acute abdomen, but laparotomy should be avoided. Usually an anaerobic Streptococcus is found, acting in synergism with aerobic, frequently gram-negative, bacilli. As in other synergistic gangrenes, wide dibridement with drainage of all sinus tracts is required. Although the testicles are frequently bared, they are usually not necrotic and should not be amputated. Once the infection has resolved, a surprising amount of skin coverage, including coverage of the testicles, can often be obtained from the scrotal remnants.
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PMID:Fournier's syndrome: synergistic gangrene of the scrotum. 113 Jun 1

A study was performed to determine the value of peritoneal lavage in the acute abdomen not related to trauma. Lavage was performed in 33 patients in the evaluation of abdominal pain of sufficient degree to warrant consideration for surgical intervention. Peritoneal lavage was truly positive or truly negative in 64% of the cases. It showed false negative results in 28% and false positive results in 8%. The lavage was most accurate in the evaluation of appendicitis, colonic disease, and intra abdominal bleeding. It was highly inaccurate in the evaluation of cholecystitis and peptic ulcer disease. It was concluded that the peritoneal lavage can be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of patients with abdominal pain and should be considered in difficult diagnostic problems but not routinely employed.
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PMID:Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in evaluating acute abdominal pain. 113 36

Three cases are presented which demonstrate the significance of faecoliths in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in infants. A wide spectrum of symptoms is noteworthy. The usefulness of a plain X-ray of the abdomen in infants with acute abdomen is stressed.
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PMID:Signifance of faecoliths in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. 117 83

A case history of a boy with an acute abdomen due to torsion of a pedunculated mesenteric fibroma is presented. A review of the literature shows that only a relatively small number of mesenteric fibromata have been reported. In these cases the tumor was described as growing between the two leaves of the mesentery. The symptoms these tumors gave usually were due to the size of the tumor and compression of adjacent organs. The present case is unusual because of the pedunculated nature of the fibroma and its presentation as an acute abdomen.
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PMID:Acute abdomen due to torsion of a pedunculated mesenteric fibroma. 118 8

Clindamycin (7-chloro-7-deoxylincomycin) may induce mild or severe colitis. In 28 months, clindamycin-associated diarrhea was encountered in 8 patients who had received oral therapy. Severe, acute colitis was seen in 4 older patients, 3 of whom had acute pseudomembranous colitis and one who had an adynamic ileus mimicking an acute abdomen. Mild colitis with protracted diarrhea occurred in 4 younger patients who had mild, nonspecific inflammation in the rectum which responded to symptomatic treatment. The mechanism and true incidence of diarrhea as a sequel of clindamycin therapy are unknown. In all 8 patients, the use of clindamycin was arbitrary. Because of potentially serious gastrointestinal disturbance, including acute pseudomembranous colitis, clindamycin should be reserved for anaerobic and other serious infections.
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PMID:Colitis associated with clindamycin therapy. 120 37

18 patients were admitted from 1969 to 1973 to the Surgical and Urological University Clinic in Mainz with ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysms. Three patients died immediately following the operation and three during surgery from internal hemorrhage. Eight patients died later following prolonged shock. Four patients survived surgery. The classical symptoms of shock, abdominal pain and pulsating tumor was only present in three patients. The diagnosis was only made in seven patients at admission, from the clinical findings. Urological symptoms were also prominent such as unilateral flank pain, colic, dysuria, anuria and tenderness over the kidney. There is no typical clinical picture of ruptured aortic aneurysm. Acute urological symptomatology in cases of acute abdomen with unclear etiology and in connection with shock could indicate a ruptured aortic aneurysm. There is absolute indication for immediate operative intervention. The aneurysm is removed and replaced by a vascular prosthesis. Early diagnosis is important since prolonged shock and anuria will result in a poor postoperative prognosis. Abdominal exploration is therefore also indicated when a ruptured aortic aneurysm is only suspected.
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PMID:[Urinary tract manifestations of ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysms (author's transl)]. 120 8

Reference to the literature is made in an account of extragenital external endometriosis, with particular attention to intestinal varieties. A case of ovarian and appendicular endometriosis with the clinical picture of acute abdomen is presented. Lastly, an evaluation is made of the views put forward concerning the aetiopathogenesis of this conditions.
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PMID:[Appendicular ovarian endometriosis with a clinical picture of acute abdomen]. 122 88

Reference to the literature dealing with idiopathic rectocolitis and its complications, with particular attention to megacolon, is followed by the presentation of two cases of ulcerous colitis complicated by toxic megacolon and a picture of acute abdomen. Emphasis is placed on the clinical features of such complications and the surgical treatment required in accordance with the degree of seriousness of the case.
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PMID:[Toxic megacolon]. 122 36

This paper presents a four-year-old Nigerian male child who developed volvulus of the small intestine three years after the successful establishment of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for his hydrocephalus. There is only one other report in the literature of this complication. In view of the increasing use of ventriculo-peritoneal CSF diversion for hydrocephalus, it is necessary to be aware of the rare and unusual cause of an acute abdomen.
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PMID:Occurrence of volvulus with intestinal obstruction after ventriculo-peritoneal CSF diversion: a case report. 123 92

Plain-film abdominal changes in 5 patients with severe antibiotic-related pseudomembranous colitis were found to be strikingly similar and distinct from those seen in other colitides. These consisted of moderate gaseous distension of the colon and unusual wide transverse bands of thickened bowel wall associated with giant "thumbprinting" which was universal in distribution, with minimal or absent small-bowel abnormalities. While the radiographic findings were not pathognomonic, they were highly suggestive of advanced pseudomembranous colitis when combined with the clinical data. Prompt recognition of this entity by the radiologist is extremely helpful in management, since such patients frequently present with physical findings of an acute abdomen requiring surgery.
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PMID:Plain-film findings in severe pseudomembranous colitis. 124 77


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