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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spontaneous rupture of liver during pregnancy is presented as an example of an acute abdomen admitted to a casualty department of a general hospital. The literature is reviewed and emphasis is placed on clinical awareness and earlier diagnosis as a means to reduce the high mortality.
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PMID:An acute abdomen: spontaneous rupture of liver during pregnancy. 96 19

Extravasation of urine was seen in 24 intravenous pyelograms taken for renal colic during the year 1973-74. A number of the patients presented with an acute abdomen. Extravasation took place of retained urine under pressure in the renal pelvis with leakage either around the clayces, from a fissure in the pelvis or even around the ureter. Extravasations of this type are in general rabsorbed without trace. In 5 cases, operation was necessary to drain a purulent collection which had developed in association with the extravasated urine.
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PMID:[Physiopathology of spontaneous extravasation of urine in the upper urinary tract. Apropos of 24 cases]. 96 37

A 32-year old Dominican woman with signs and symptoms of an acute abdomen, was found to have tuberculous peritonitis. Our experience with this patient is presented along with a review of the literature. Population shifts may bring about an increased number of cases in this country. Awareness of this entity will avoid unnecessary diagnostic errors and laparotomy. The surgeon should also be versed in the total management and be prepared to handle the surgical complications of the disease.
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PMID:Tuberculous peritonitis. A case report and review. 97 Mar 84

A retrospective 10-year experience with the traditional three-stage plan (diverting colostomy, resection, colostomy closure) for perforated diverticulitis of the colon in four urban hospitals was reviewed to accurately assess the mortality rate. Only patients who were admitted in a non-elective manner with signs of an acute abdomen or who were already hospitalized with another illness and developed an acute abdomen were considered. Fecal or generalized purulent peritonitis, or pelvic peritonitis with abscess were observed at laparotomy in all instances. Two hundred and eight patients representing 211 episodes met the above stated criteria for inclusion in the study. A transverse colostomy was performed in 203 instances associated with 16 deaths, and 8 sigmoid colostomies were associated with two deaths. The overall mortality after the first stage was 8.5%. A loop colostomy was constructed most frequently and a completely divided colostomy performed in only 31 of 211 (15%) instances. Of 147 instances in which the diseased sigmoid colon was resected, 44 (30%) had the colostomy ablated at the same operation, resulting in only one death (0.7% mortality). Colostomy closure as a separate procedure in 103 instances resulted in 4 deaths (3.9% mortality). The highest mortality rate occurred in patients in the in the eighth decade. Staged procedures for perforated colonic diverticula can be carried out with a mortality rate of 11%.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of acute diverticulitis by staged procedures. 98 93

The plain abdominal X-rays of 277 patients suffering from five acute abdominal conditions were reviewed and specific radiological features found to occur in not less than 48% of the cases. In a second series of 249 patients admitted to hospital with an acute abdomen due to all types of disease, the plain abdominal X-rays were helpful in 42% of cases. A questionnaire of 50 plain abdominal X-rays was answered by surgeons and radiologists of varying clinical experience, the scores of the senior radiologists being higher. It is suggested that plain abdominal X-rays should become a routine investigation in the acute abdomen, and should be reported by senior radiologists at the time of the investigation.
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PMID:The plain X-ray in the acute abdomen: a surgeon's evaluation. 99 Jun 97

A total of 18 patients with amebic peritonitis were studied. Fourteen of these cases were due to rupture of amebic liver abscess into the peritoneum and the remaining cases were due to perforation of amebic colitis. No initial suspicion of amebic etiology was made in more than half of the cases. In the group of ruptured liver abscesses, nearly half of the patients showed right lower lung syndrome. The diagnosis in 13 of 14 cases of rupture of liver abscess was confirmed on aspiration. Patients with ruptured amebic liver abcess were of two types: 1. Diffuse type with diffuse signs, shorter duration of illness and poor prognosis. 2. Localized type with longer duration of illness, marked signs of peritonitis and better prognosis. Once the diagnosis of peritonitis was made, the management was surgical. Conservative treatment was tried only in cases with signs of localization. The mortality rate had been 33% in amebic liver abscess rupturing into the peritoneum and 75% in perforation of the intestine. A high index of suspicion of amebiasis in patients with an acute abdomen and institution of early treatment are recommended to help in reducing this mortality. Amebic liver abscess and amebic dysentery should be treated energetically to avoid this fatal complication and surgical intervention whenever indicated should not be delayed.
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PMID:Amebic peritonitis. 99 99

A series of patients with acute renal failure (ARF) and acute abdomen collected by the St. John the Baptist Hospital's Nephrology and Dialysis Division over the period 1970-75 is examined. A high rate of mortality was noted, due to causes that were mostly independent of ARF Death was often related to failure to resolve acute abdomen. The progression of ARF appeared to be related to that of the abdominal affection with prompt resolution of the latter. These findings suggest that constriction of the afferent arteriole may offer a partial, functional basis for ARF with the corollary that it has a good chance of being reversed, even after protracted periods of anuria. Renal complications associated with disseminated or localised intravascular coagulation appear to be rare. Treatment was best directed to early and frequent dialysis, with surgical resolution whenever indicated, irrespective of the presence of ARF.
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PMID:[Acute renal failure and acute abdomen]. 101 28

Acute intermittent porphyria was diagnosed in a child who presented with an acute abdomen and neurological signs of the age of four months. The diagnosis was confirmed by the absence of uroporphyrinogen synthetase in the erythrocytes. The rarity of the disorder at this age is emphasised.
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PMID:[Acute intermittent porphyria at 4 months of age]. 101 83

Torsion of a 6-month gravid uterus in a secundigravida, showing the clinical shape of an acute abdomen and shock, is described. The uterus was twisted 180 degrees from left to right, with a retroplacental haematoma and dead foetus. The symptoms occurred while the patient was sleeping. Sectio caesarea was performed and no other pathologic changes were found in the uterus, ovaries, or minor pelvis.
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PMID:[Torsion of the pregnant uterus]. 102 30

With the increase in remission and survival in children with acute leukemia, the complication of acute abdomen has become increasingly important in the total care of these children. A total of 286 children with acute leukemia was treated at Memorial Hospital between 1966 and 1971. Sixteen or 5.6% of these children developed an acute abdomen during the course of their disease. During the same period, many other children developed symptoms and signs mimicking an acute abdomen. Of the 9 children treated surgically, 5 were long-term survivors. Two children treated conservatively died, and 5 patients were diagnosed at autopsy. Prognosis was better in those patients in remission at the time of surgery, and where remission was maintained by immediately restarting antileukemic chemotherapy. A more aggressive surgical approach to the acute abdomen, combined with careful supportive measures, is further adding to the numbers of long-term survivors in childhood leukemia.
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PMID:Management of the acute abdomen in children with leukemia. 105 39


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