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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of epidermoid cyst of the spleen in an 8-yr-old boy presented as acute abdomen secondary to rupture of the cyst. The lesion is classified and the relevant literature surveyed. Particular reference is made to the pathogenetic mechanism responsible for the picture of acute abdomen.
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PMID:[Epidermoid cyst of the spleen with a picture of acute abdomen]. 72 35

Cholescintigraphy was performed in 113 patients of whom 38 had normal gallbladders, 37 had acute cholecystitis and 38 had chronic cholecystitis. The radiopharmaceuticals used in the study were either 99mTc-dimethyl acetanilide iminodiacetic acid or 99mTc-paraisopropyl acetanilide iminodiacetic acid, both of which performed equally well. All patients with non-visualized gallbladders had cholecystitis, but visualization did not exclude disease. The rapidity of obtaining the results (within one hour), the complete absence of untoward reactions to the radiopharmaceuticals, the much lower frequency of subtle or indeterminate results, the ability to render useful information in the presence of moderate jaundice and the lack of interference from overlying intestinal contents establishes these radionuclide agents as superior to both radiographic oral and intravenous cholangiography in the investigation of the acute abdomen.
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PMID:Assessment of the utility of gallbladder imaging with 99mTc-IDA. 72 28

Three cases of mesenteric cystic lymphangiomas in children are reported. All of them were found during laparotomies for acute abdomen, and their pathology was rather similar, except for the contents which was chylous in the two cases located in the jejunum and serous in the remaining ileal case. One of these tumours contained calcified material, a fact which makes diagnostic suspicion possible. The literature on this topic is up-dated.
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PMID:[Mesenteric cystic lymphangiomas (report of three cases) (author's transl)]. 74 77

Analysis of 10 case histories shows that the picture of the acute abdomen may predominate in acutely exacerbated pyelonephritis. Viscero-dermal reflexes with hyperalgesia and muscular defense, visero-visceral organ reflexes with shock, vomiting, meteorism and disturbances of intestinal motility and metabolic acidosis are temptations to laparotomy. Fever in particular, pathological urinalysis, renal acidosis and occasionally hyperchloremia suggest the diagnosis of "abdominal type of acutely exacerbated pyelonephritis".
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PMID:[Acute abdomen masking pyelonephritis (author's transl)]. 81 7

A 51-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia whose course was complicated by primary fibrinolysis and spontaneous rupture of the spleen is described. The patient was treated with various drug combinations: vincristine and prednisone, later by cytosine arabinoside and finally by prednisone, methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine. Four months after the diagnosis he developed epistaxis and petechiae. The coagulation tests were compatible with primary fibrinolysis and he responded to treatment with epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA). One month and a half later he developed again epistaxis, ecchymoses, splenomegaly and an acute abdomen. The coagulation tests revealed primary fibrinolysis. The operation revealed a ruptured spleen. After splenectomy the treatment with EACA was continued and, despite an improvement in the coagulation tests, the patient died.
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PMID:Primary fibrinolysis and spontaneous rupture of the spleen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 82

86 plain films of the abdomen from 63 patients with acute mesenteric infarction were compared with plain films of 90 patients with acute abdomen of different origin. The airless abdomen, the increased thickness of the gut wall and the hairpin sign proved tbe nonspecific, but more pronounced and more frequent in mesenteric infarction. Gas in the gut wall and in the portal vein system was found only in mesenteric infarction. All 6 patients with gas in the portal veins died. The airless abdomen in a patient with severe abdominal pain is a surprising finding and points to the possibility of mesenteric infarction.
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PMID:[Abdominal plain films in mesenterial infarct]. 83 Dec 50

Evidence is presented that many of the enteric and systemic manifestations after jejunoileal bypass can be related to an inflammatory process within the bypassed small bowel rather than to the surgically induced sequelae of a short bowel syndrome with malabsorption. Invasion of the excluded segment by fecal flora was associated with a histologically demonstrable inflammatory response of the mucosa. The disorder was of variable severity and duration and occurred in the majority of 28 bypass patients. Progression to a clinical syndrome resembling an acute abdomen occurred in about 15% of the patients. Small bowel ileus and, in some patients, obstruction of the colon were suggested by physical signs and x-ray findings. Surgical exploration in such instances demonstrated an inflammaotry process of the excluded small bowel loops with severe distention of this segment and of the colon, but not organic obstruction. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis was a sequal in two patients. Exudative protein loss was documented in the severe cases. Most of the systemic sequelae are comparable to those seen with inflammatory diseases of the bowel such as Crohn's disease. Fever, excessive weight and lean tissue loss, and the involvement of skin, blood vessels, joints and possibly, the liver suggest an immune response as a common factor in the pathogenesis. The clinical improvement with antibiotics such as metronidazole or with restitution of normal bowel continuity indicates that the bacterial flora in the excluded small bowel segment or its byproducts are causally related to the systemic complications. Hyperoxaluria may be primarily the sequela of steatorrhea and not of the inflammatory process.
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PMID:Bypass enteropathy: an inflammatory process in the excluded segment with systemic complications. 83 42

Diagnostic peritoneal tap has been an invaluable tool in the early diagnosis of acute abdominal catastrophy. We have discussed the role of abdominal paracentesis in 27 cases of blunt abdominal trauma and acute abdomen, where the diagnosis was in doubt despite clinical and emergency investigations. A simple method of tapping was adopted and there have been no complicatons.
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PMID:Diagnostic Peritoneal Tap. 83 44

The most common etiologies of mesenteric infarction in fifty-one patients were arterial thrombosis (in 42 per cent), bowel infarction without major vessel occlusion (in 28 per cent), and arterial embolus (in 22 per cent), but the etiology also included some very rare vascular diseases--two cases of the malignant atrophic papulosis of Degos. In the group of forty-four operative patients the mortality was 70 per cent. All the patients treated medically died. Mesenteric infarction should be suspected in all elderly cardiac patients with symptoms of acute abdomen. The value of an early diagnosis, fast resuscitation, and aggressive operative treatment cannot be overstated. Bowel resections yielded the best results in this series. However, the operative treatment of the mesenteric infarction should be individual, depending on the etiologic factors and the time which has elapsed from the onset of the symptoms.
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PMID:Mesenteric infarction. 83 91

The acute abdomen due to a vascular catastrophe affecting the major splanchnic vessels is often a life-threatening condition that can be very difficult to diagnose. In this article the pathological and physiological changes found in large- and small-intestinal ischaemia are related to the clinical features of the illness. Radiological, biochemical, and haematological aids to diagnosis are discussed. The treatment of large- and small-bowel ischaemia and of their specific complications, such as malabsorption and gastric hypersecretion, is outlined.
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PMID:Management of acute intestinal ischaemia. 83 82


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