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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute abdomen was the presenting manifestation of pseudomembranous colitis in six men who had previously been treated with antibiotics and presented with abdominal distention, pain, fever, and leukocytosis with absent or mild diarrhea. Plain abdominal radiographs revealed megacolon in two, combined small and large bowel dilation in three, with one of them showing volvuluslike pattern, and isolated small bowel ileus in one. Emergency colonoscopy was performed successfully in all patients and revealed pseudomembranes in five and nonspecific colitis in one. All patients had positive latex test results for Clostridium difficile, and two tested positive for cytotoxicity. All patients were treated with IV metronidazole, resulting in resolution of symptoms and abdominal findings. In addition, two patients underwent colonoscopic decompression with improvement. Endoscopically, complete resolution of the pseudomembranes occurred at 4 weeks in all cases. No patient had a recurrence. It is concluded that (a) pseudomembranous colitis may present as abdominal distention mimicking small bowel ileus. Ogilvie's syndrome, volvulus, or ischemia; (b) in such cases, emergency colonoscopy is safe and useful for diagnosis and therapeutic decompression and may obviate the need for surgery; and (c) treatment with IV metronidazole is effective. Colitis due to C. difficile should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in patients previously treated with antibiotics.
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PMID:Acute abdomen as the first presentation of pseudomembranous colitis. 161 51

Ogilvie's syndrome (acute colonic pseudo-obstruction) is a rare clinical disease characterized by segmental distension of the proximal colon caused by a paralysis without mechanic obstruction. It may be a sequel of underlying neurological, medical or surgical disease. Risk factors are respiratory decompensation, electrolyte disturbances and different drugs. A special kind is the primary idiopathic pseudoobstruction with a high risk of perforation or necrosis. Especially elderly patients (> 70 years) with cardiovascular or neurologic diseases and accordant drugs are concerned. Clinical symptoms are progressive abdominal distension and abdominal pain like an acute abdomen. The differential diagnosis of a mechanic ileus is important for further treatment. This case report should draw attention to this rare disease.
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PMID:[Ogilvie's syndrome: a rare cause of the acute abdomen]. 1259

Based on literature and own original clinical data authors conclude that Ogilvie's syndrome is the form of dynamic obstruction of colon due to lesion of retroperitoneal neural nodes, heart failure and intoxication. Ogilvie's syndrome complicates therapeutic and surgical diseases. This syndrome can be manifested with acute abdomen symptoms and at 22% cases may be the cause of surgical treatment. Ogilvie's syndrome is successfully treated with evacuation of intestinal contents, but the risk of recurrence after this treatment is high. Ethiotropic therapy, correction of water-electrolytic balance and tissues oxygenation, administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are the more effective treatment of this syndrome.
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PMID:[Acute colonic pseudoobstruction: Ogilvie's syndrome]. 1769 Jun 30