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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The most common cause of acute abdomen in a child is acute appendicitis followed by mesenteric lymphadenitis, invagination, strangulation-ileus as a result of volvulus and more rarely perforated Meckel's diverticulum. However even with a child, from a differential diagnosis' aspect, a gynaecological cause should be taken in account too. From time to time one comes across a polycystic-alterated, with twisted lig. ovarii, haemorrhagic and infarctioned ovary without any endocrinological or other pathological irregularities which produces these complaints and symptoms. In the following casuistic such an instance is described.
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PMID:[Pedicle torsion, hemorrhagic ovarian infarct. A rare cause of pediatric acute abdomen]. 192 84

A 26-year-old woman came to hospital with an acute abdomen and a history of abdominal pain for about 6 months. She showed signs of peritonitis and ileus and underwent a laparotomy after initial diagnostic procedures. There was massive terminal ileitis with perforation and localized peritonitis. Resection of the affected bowel was performed over 5 1/2 h without surgical or anesthetic complications. Postoperatively several attempts were made to insert a venous catheter via the internal jugular vein, first on the right and then on the left side. The catheter was finally placed and was used for infusions, although there were some signs that indicated a possible arterial position. Neurological disturbances followed the end of anesthesia; 2 h later the catheter was removed because of arterial malpositioning diagnosed by a blood gas analysis. The patient developed brainstem and cerebellar infarctions and died 2 days later. The main postmortem finding was massive swelling and paleness of the cerebellum and brainstem with macroscopically unaffected supporting arteries. The other main arteries of the head and neck were also unremarkable, except for two healing punctures of the left common carotid artery. Further examination revealed an embolism at the top of the basilar artery. The source was macroscopically obscure; stereomicroscopic examination of the heart showed small dark spots behind one fold of the aortic valve caused by parietal thrombosis of the damaged endothelium. The tip of the misplaced catheter had entered this region and caused the lethal embolism.
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PMID:[Arterial misplacement of a central venous catheter with a fatal cerebral embolism]. 195 38

Delayed spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder following augmentation enterocystoplasty is a serious life-threatening complication of uncertain etiology. Multiple factors are believed to contribute to the mechanism of bladder perforation. Ruptured augmented bladders share a common urodynamic pattern of high leak point pressure of the urethra, with sensory and mechanical tolerance of high filling pressure. This combination seems to be the main predisposing factor for spontaneous perforation. Other risk factors, including catheter trauma during intermittent self-catheterization, urinary retention due to mucus retention or noncompliance with the catheterization protocol, chronic infection, and decreased sensation of bladder filling, may play roles in the mechanism of rupture. Clinically, patients present with sepsis, abdominal pain and distension, ileus, fever, oliguria and peritoneal irritation. The diagnosis is made on low pressure cystography, although failure of cystography to demonstrate extravasation is not unusual. Aggressive surgical treatment consists of immediate exploration, primary repair of the perforation, drainage of the perivesical space, suprapubic cystostomy and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Longterm management includes a strict intermittent catheterization schedule, anticholinergic therapy and urodynamic evaluation. Failure to achieve a low pressure storage reservoir by conservative means entails an increased risk of recurrent perforation. In such cases further surgical intervention should be considered. We present a 21-year-old paraplegic man 5 months after augmentation enterocystoplasty who required operation because of spontaneous rupture of the augmented bladder. Spontaneous delayed rupture of the bladder should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in patients after augmentation enterocystoplasty. Early surgical treatment and subsequent monitoring of the low pressure reservoir are recommended.
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PMID:[Delayed spontaneous rupture of the bladder following augmentation enterocystoplasty]. 222 70

We report a case of gall stone ileus in which only small bowel obstruction was seen on the conventional abdominal film and the diagnosis was made by computed tomography (CT). With the availability of CT and its increasing use in the investigation of the acute abdomen, CT examination will occasionally be performed on gall stone ileus patients. Awareness of the CT findings in gall stone ileus will result in early diagnosis leading to a reduction in the mortality rate.
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PMID:CT diagnosis of gall stone ileus. 226 Dec 98

A variety of drugs and toxins can produce severe abdominal pain and, in some cases, a surgical abdomen. Toxins can be classified according to mechanisms of injury: 1. Corrosives often produce severe gastroenteritis and may result in gastric or esophageal perforations. Examples of corrosive substances include aspirin, iron, mercury, acids and alkali. 2. Drugs may cause intestinal ileus or obstruction by pharmacologic actions (i.e., anticholinergic drugs and narcotics) or by mechanical obstruction (charcoal and drug bezoars). 3. Abdominal pain simulating an acute abdomen may result from systemic effects of black widow spider envenomation or intoxication with heavy metals such as lead and arsenic. 4. Ischemic bowel disease may occur from use of vasoconstrictor drugs, such as ergotamines, amphetamines and cocaine, or may follow treatment with catecholamines or digitalis in critically ill patients. Small bowel ischemia is life-threatening and may require bowel resection. 5. Many drugs cause abdominal pain by directly injuring abdominal organs, such as the liver and pancreas. Antibiotic-associated colitis may present with abdominal pain and inflammatory diarrhea. Consideration of drugs and toxins plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen.
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PMID:Toxicologic causes of acute abdominal disorders. 266 62

Two cases of anisaciasis caused by eating of improperly prepared herrings which were infested with larval nematodes are reported. The acute type with a stenosing process in the small intestinal wall existed in both cases which resulted in an ileus. Therapy was resection of the affected intestinal part with end-to-end-anastomosis. The morphological proof of larval nematodes, which penetrate from lumen into the eosinophilic granulomata, pseudotumours and eosinophilic microabscesses are important histological findings. It should be considered the possibility of a herring worm disease in the case of an acute abdomen caused by an inflammatory small bowel stenosis.
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PMID:[Ileus of the small intestine caused by intestinal anisakiasis (herring worm disease)]. 321 66

We treated a man with gallstone ileus and a correct diagnosis was made preoperatively. In this report, emphasis was placed on the usefulness of application of ultrasonic tomography for diagnosing an acute abdomen.
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PMID:Gallstone ileus diagnosed preoperatively using ultrasonic tomography. 330 72

From 1978-1984 421 patients were examined by colon enema with gastrografin. The indication in 246 cases was an acute abdomen, in 172 patients the procedure has been performed postoperatively, 3 patients suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding. 81 of 236 pathological findings showed an ileus. 58 of them underwent an operation. The cause of the ileus were tumors of the colon, extraluminal tumors as well as performations and inflammations. In 55 cases the findings of the gastrografin enema were confirmed by the operation, one was proved to be false negative, one uncertain and one false positive. Therefore the diagnostic accuracy of this procedure amounted to 96%.
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PMID:[Value of the gastrografin enema in the diagnosis of ileus]. 387 28

Jejunal diverticula are in most cases acquired lesions of the intestinal wall, which are caused by abnormalities of smooth muscle or myenteric plexus. They may lead to more complications than previously expected. The described patient developed an acute abdomen 8 years after an ileus due to jejunal diverticulitis with enterolith formation and resection of two jejunal diverticula. Immediate laparotomy had demonstrated again an ileus, partly induced mechanically by an obstruction due to 2 enteroliths, partly induced paralytically due to local peritonitis. The surgical significance of jejunal diverticula is discussed.
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PMID:[Recurrent ileus in jejunal diverticulitis]. 387 70

We report a case of intestinal obstruction secondary to cecal volvulus following a palliative nephrectomy. Cecal volvulus and other causes of acute abdomen should be considered in postoperative patients who develop adynamic ileus undergoing retroperitoneal surgery.
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PMID:Volvulus of cecum following simple nephrectomy. 397 85


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