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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Focal idiopathic renal arterial dissection (RAD) is a rare event. Nevertheless, a RAD should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with flank pain or acute abdomen, since only an immediate diagnosis and correction can guarantee the maintenance of kidney function. Early operation is also necessary because other clinical pictures with a similarly dramatic clinical course and similar symptoms can likewise only be treated surgically. These include a renal arterial aneurysm with endo-aneurysmatic thrombus and poststenotic dilatation in fibromuscular dysplasia. We describe the case of an isolated idiopathic RAD which could only be diagnosed in the context of abdominal pain symptoms. Clinical, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of RAD are discussed with reference to the case report and the international specialist literature.
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PMID:[Spontaneous renal artery dissection. Case report and review of the literature]. 152 39

The authors report 2 cases of hepatocellular tumour in children treated with anabolic androgens for aplastic anemia. In both cases, the presentation was by a picture of acute abdomen due to hemoperitoneum caused by tumour rupture. In the first case, there was multiple hepatic adenomas necessitating right hepatic lobectomy. The second infant had a single tumour of segment IV treated by simple excision of the tumour. It was a hepatocellular-carcinoma. Follow-up for one year after the initial operation showed no signs of recurrence in both infants. The review of the literature permitted us to find 48 other cases of hepatocellular tumour secondary to androgen therapy. In order of frequency, the hepatocellular-carcinoma is the most frequent and it is usually single; followed by the adenoma which is usually multiple. The other types of tumours are rare: focal nodular hyperplasia, angiosarcoma and cholangiocarcinoma. The hepatocellular-carcinoma and adenoma have some characteristic features: spontaneous regression may occur after withdrawing of androgens; the risk of rupture is important; their evolution is almost always favorable despite of a severe histopathological picture; the alpha-foeto-protein is nearly always negative; and the metastasis are exceptional. The hepatocellular-carcinomas associated with androgen therapy are probably just adenomas with marked dysplasia, but their long term malignant potential remain unknown. Except in case of rupture, surgical intervention should be postponed until the effect of discontinuing the hormonal therapy is assessed, because of the potential for spontaneous regression. The administration of antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents should be reserved for the tumours showing evidence of malignancy.
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PMID:[Tumors of the liver secondary to androgen therapy. Apropos of 2 cases in children]. 304 Feb 81

Omphalomesenteric duct remnants (ODR) including Meckel diverticula often present with symptoms of bowel obstruction. Their histologic features are varied and include heterotopic gastrointestinal mucosa and/or pancreatic tissue within the wall. Abnormalities of the submucosal plexus of Meissner, however, have not been documented in the literature. Thus, we have examined a number of ODR for evidence of ganglion abnormalities. Fifty-three cases of ODR were retrieved from our archives, along with 25 nonduodenal small bowel control specimens obtained from autopsies of patients without clinical or pathologic evidence of enteropathy. Histologic criteria for the diagnosis of abnormal hypercellular/heterotopic ganglia (HHG) in ODR were defined as a single submucosal ganglion/plexus containing > 10 neurons, or > 5 submucosal ganglions per high-power (x 40) field, or heterotopic ganglion cells within the muscularis mucosa or the lamina propria. HHG, histologically indistinguishable from intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B, were found in more than half of the ODR (ODR: 51.9%, n = 50 vs. control: 4%, n = 25, P = 3.6 x 10(-6), particularly those excised for obstructive complications (ODR with acute abdomen: 65.7%, n = 35, vs. ODR without acute abdomen: 33.3%, n = 15, P = 0.035). HHG were present in equal numbers of inflamed and noninflamed ODR (inflamed: 53.6%, n = 28, vs. noninflamed: 59.1%, n = 22, P = 0.70). A similar incidence was found in ODR with heterotopia and without (with heterotopia: 61.1%, n = 18, vs. without: 53.1%, n = 32, P = 0.59). ODR frequently contained HHG histomorphologically similar to those found in intestinal neuronal dysplasia, type B (IND-B). The overrepresentation of HHG in symptomatic ODR patients suggests an association with bowel obstruction. The data did not demonstrate a relationship with either inflammation or heterotopia.
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PMID:Hypercellular/heterotopic ganglia in omphalomesenteric duct remnants. 1137 Feb 62

Dysplasia of the renal and cervical arteries are well known, but dysplasia of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is less frequent and has specific presentation. There have been few reports on the different types of presentations. We report a series of 38 cases and present the characteristic features together with a comparison with data in the literature. These non-atheromatous non-inflammatory lesions of the arterial wall occurred either in a context of fibromuscular disease which cause is unknown (30/38 patients) or in patients with genetic disease such as neurofibromatosis (3/38) or Ehlers-Danlos disease (5/38). The fibromuscular disease presented three aspects with specific characteristics. a) stenosing lesions found predominantly in women with a different morphology than in the other localization (usually associated): irregular diffuse stenosis discovered in patients with hypertension, or ischemic digestive symptoms (6/14 patients). b) Aneurysms, also found predominantly in women, but less frequently associated with other dysplasias. These aneurysms were generally sacciform. Unlike data in the literature, our series only included rupture in 1/8 cases. The aneurysm was discovered during the exploration of abdominal pain or hypertension. c) The third type of fibromuscular disease concerned dissections which were observed in the male population, (except one case of segmental dysplasia), and presented with signs of digestive ischemia in the other seven patients, four in an emergency context requiring immediate treatment. Two genetic diseases were observed. a) Neurofibromatosis led to dysplasia analogous to fibromuscular disease, but with abnormal nerve formations in the wall. For the three cases observed, one involved only the visceral arteries and the two others thoraco-abdominal coarctation. b) We had five patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, with dysplasia of the superior mesenteric artery. For three there was a fusiform dilatation and in one small aneurysms along the arterial trunk, which only required surveillance. There was only one aneurysm which required treatment by resection and venous graft. In these young patients, revascularization was generally achieved with autologous material and the prognosis was favorable. Embolization was successful in treating the sacciform aneurysm in one patient. In conclusion, dysplasia of the superior mesenteric artery has a specific presentation which must be recognized to enable diagnosis of this not uncommon condition in young subjects (even children) who often present with an acute abdomen requiring urgent treatment.
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PMID:[Thirty-eight cases of dysplasia of the superior mesenteric artery]. 1614 79

Appendiceal mucoceles are rare cystic lesions with an incidence of 0.3-0.7% of all appendectomies. They are divided into four subgroups according to their histology. Even though the symptoms may vary - depending on the level of complication - from right lower quadrant pain, signs of intussusception, gastrointestinal bleeding to an acute abdomen with sepsis, most mucoceles are asymptomatic and found incidentally. We present the case of a 70-year-old patient with an incidentally found appendiceal mucocele. He was seen at the hospital for backache. The CT scan showed a vertebral fracture and a 7-cm appendiceal mass. A preoperative colonoscopy displayed several synchronous adenomas in the transverse and left colon with high-grade dysplasia. In order to lower the cancer risk of this patient, we performed a subtotal colectomy. The appendiceal mass showed no histopathological evidence of malignancy and no sign of perforation. The follow-up was therefore limited to 2 months. In this case, appendectomy would have been sufficient to treat the mucocele alone. The synchronous high-grade dysplastic adenomas were detected in the preoperative colonoscopy and determined the therapeutic approach. Generally, in the presence of positive lymph nodes, a right colectomy is the treatment of choice. In the histological presence of mucinous peritoneal carcinomatosis, cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is indicated. In conclusion, mucoceles of the appendix are detected with high sensitivity by CT scan. If there is no evidence of synchronous tumor preoperatively and no peritoneal spillage, invasion or positive sentinel lymph nodes during surgery, a mucocele is adequately treated by appendectomy.
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PMID:Appendiceal mucocele in an elderly patient: how much surgery? 2208 82

An ectopic ureter draining into the seminal vesicle or vas deferens in males is a very rare anomaly and is usually associated with renal dysplasia or agenesis. An ectopic ureter associated with a dysplastic kidney is not usually a suspected cause during clinical evaluation of children with abdominal pain. This report presents a rare case of an ectopic ureter associated with a dysplastic kidney with an acute infection in a previously healthy 12-year-old boy, demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. He presented with abdominal pain that mimicked acute appendicitis-like symptoms which was subsequently complicated by epididymitis manifesting as an acute scrotum. Clinicians should consider including an ectopic ureter in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with acute abdomen.
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PMID:A 12-year-old boy with an infected ectopic ureter presenting with acute appendicitis-like symptoms and acute scrotum. 2222 93