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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Volvulus of the spleen is a complication of a previous congenital anomaly consisting basically in the absence of supporting structures of the spleen. Clinically, it is an extremely rare complication. It may present as an acute abdomen. The search of the literature that we conducted does not show any such case being the cause of portal hypertension. This motivated this case report. The patient was treated surgically and this cured the patient.
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PMID:[Segmental portal hypertension caused by volvulus of the spleen]. 54 74

This paper presents a four-year-old Nigerian male child who developed volvulus of the small intestine three years after the successful establishment of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for his hydrocephalus. There is only one other report in the literature of this complication. In view of the increasing use of ventriculo-peritoneal CSF diversion for hydrocephalus, it is necessary to be aware of the rare and unusual cause of an acute abdomen.
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PMID:Occurrence of volvulus with intestinal obstruction after ventriculo-peritoneal CSF diversion: a case report. 123 92

Computed tomographic examinations of two cases of small-bowel volvulus were reviewed. At laparotomy, both cases were proved to be secondary to adhesions. CT examinations showed focal, wedge-shaped, edematous mesentery with trapped fluid between mesenteric folds radiating toward the site of torsion. One case showed the superior mesenteric vein spiraling around the superior mesenteric artery. At laparotomy, affected small-bowel loops showed ischemia in both cases. CT performed in patients with acute abdomen may show findings suggestive of small-bowel volvulus.
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PMID:Computed tomographic findings of small-bowel volvulus. 141 May 66

A 25 year old female patient with a painful palpable tumour in the right flank was admitted to our hospital presenting signs and symptoms of an acute abdomen. During explorative laparotomy unexpected haemorrhagic infarction of a splenula caused by a volvulus of the vascular pedicle was found. In spite of the documentation of multiple positional abnormalities of visceral organs preoperative diagnostic imaging techniques were unable to point to the diagnosis because of an uncommon rightsideness of the polysplenism. In the case of an indefinite rightsided abdominal mass defects of embryonic morphogenesis should be always taken into consideration.
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PMID:[Pedicle torsion of the accessory spleen within the scope of the "polysplenia-asplenia complex" as a rare differential diagnosis of acute abdomen]. 147 46

Ascaris lumbricoides infestation is the most common helminthic disease in many developing countries and may cause severe surgical complications, especially in children. We present a 3-year-old Ethiopian immigrant brought to hospital directly from the airport because of signs of acute abdomen. It was found to be caused by volvulus and necrosis of a loop of bowel impacted with worms. The necrotic bowel loop was resected and a temporary ileostomy was formed; recovery was uneventful. This disease and its severe complications are rare in Israel and the western world. Awareness of its occurrence is important in view of the present world-wide large-scale immigration from developing countries.
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PMID:[Ascaris lumbricoides--a cause of acute abdomen]. 151 72

In our area, small bowel volvulus is a sporadic form of mechanical intestinal obstruction. Diagnostic problems may occur. The clinical presentation is that of an acute abdomen. The cause of symptoms may be due to narrowing of the bowel itself, or strangulation of the blood supply, or both. The types (primary and secondary) and incidence of small bowel volvulus are age-related and demonstrate astonishing geographical differences. Goals for treatment of small bowel volvulus should include physician awareness and accurate workup of this uncommon diagnosis.
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PMID:[Primary volvulus of the small intestines in adults]. 174 82

A woman patient of 25 years of age was admitted with a tumour in the right meogastrium that was painful on pressure, the clinical pattern being that of an acute abdomen. At exploratory laparotomy we were surprised to find haemorrhagic infarction of a second spleen by volvulus of the vascular peduncle. Preoperative imaging had not yielded any pointer despite documentation of multiple positional anomalies of visceral organs, since the polysplenic status was exceptionally located at the right side. If abdominal findings on the right side cannot be interpreted quite clearly, differential diagnosis should always consider the possibility of unusual embryonal lateral positioning of organs.
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PMID:[Acute abdomen in hemorrhage into a twisted pedicled ectopic second spleen in the right mesogastrum]. 179 91

The authors describe 11 cases of acute abdomen they observed during a two-year period mainly after abdominal operations. The male/female ratio was 6:5, the mean age 59 years with a range from 20 to 75 years. The mean period which had elapsed after the primary operation was 18.5 days. The authors describe four cases with ileus due to adhesions, three cases of volvulus of the small intestine, a stress ulcer, gangrenous appendicitis, acute cholecystitis and adnexitis. In general it is assumed that the most frequent acute abdomen during the post operative period is ileus due to adhesions, postoperative pancreatitis or stress ulcers are less frequent. Extremely rarely the cause of complaints is inflammatory acute abdomen of a different nature which is an unexpected finding during surgical revision. It is dangerous due to the atypical course and the fact that symptoms are masked by manifestations of the receding postoperative state. In the literature the aetiopathogenesis of such rare conditions is most frequently associated with impaired tissue perfusion due to an inadequate blood flow, general tissue hypoxia due to hypovolaemia, protracted postoperative shock, rigid vascular walls which are incapable of adequate reaction to acute deviations of circulatory demands. Despite this these conditions develop more rarely than corresponds to the coincidence of these general relatively frequent adverse factors. Severe immunosuppression is also observed much more frequently in surgical patients than these rare complications. The authors observed the incidence of these cases of acute abdomen at a ratio of 1:2000 which corresponds roughly to data in published work. Seeking the solution in immunity disorders does not explain this problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute abdomen as a postoperative complication]. 182 40

Acute abdomen was the presenting manifestation of pseudomembranous colitis in six men who had previously been treated with antibiotics and presented with abdominal distention, pain, fever, and leukocytosis with absent or mild diarrhea. Plain abdominal radiographs revealed megacolon in two, combined small and large bowel dilation in three, with one of them showing volvuluslike pattern, and isolated small bowel ileus in one. Emergency colonoscopy was performed successfully in all patients and revealed pseudomembranes in five and nonspecific colitis in one. All patients had positive latex test results for Clostridium difficile, and two tested positive for cytotoxicity. All patients were treated with IV metronidazole, resulting in resolution of symptoms and abdominal findings. In addition, two patients underwent colonoscopic decompression with improvement. Endoscopically, complete resolution of the pseudomembranes occurred at 4 weeks in all cases. No patient had a recurrence. It is concluded that (a) pseudomembranous colitis may present as abdominal distention mimicking small bowel ileus. Ogilvie's syndrome, volvulus, or ischemia; (b) in such cases, emergency colonoscopy is safe and useful for diagnosis and therapeutic decompression and may obviate the need for surgery; and (c) treatment with IV metronidazole is effective. Colitis due to C. difficile should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in patients previously treated with antibiotics.
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PMID:Acute abdomen as the first presentation of pseudomembranous colitis. 161 51

The most common cause of acute abdomen in a child is acute appendicitis followed by mesenteric lymphadenitis, invagination, strangulation-ileus as a result of volvulus and more rarely perforated Meckel's diverticulum. However even with a child, from a differential diagnosis' aspect, a gynaecological cause should be taken in account too. From time to time one comes across a polycystic-alterated, with twisted lig. ovarii, haemorrhagic and infarctioned ovary without any endocrinological or other pathological irregularities which produces these complaints and symptoms. In the following casuistic such an instance is described.
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PMID:[Pedicle torsion, hemorrhagic ovarian infarct. A rare cause of pediatric acute abdomen]. 192 84


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