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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peritoneoscopy is an invasive procedure. With attention to detail and a degree of dexterity which is inherent to surgery the procedure has been found safe in over 2,500 cases. Peritoneoscopy must always be a sequel to careful clinical examination. The greatest advantage of peritoneoscopy over all other diagnostic modalities is that peritoneoscopic diagnosis is a final histological diagnosis and has no element of shadow, image or conjecture. Peritoneoscopy has its greatest value in the diagnosis of liver pathology, in ascites, jaundice, malignancy and tuberculosis especially if non-invasive scanning techniques are not available. When used with discretion, it has some value in the management of the acute abdomen. Surgeons will be gratified to find the extent to which the peritoneoscope can help arrive at an early histological diagnosis, plan surgery, reduce morbidity by avoiding unnecessary surgery and shorten hospitalisation.
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PMID:Peritoneoscopy for surgeons. 294 93

The clinical features of 81 cases of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) are presented. The peritoneum was involved in 41 patients, the ileocecal area in 17, the anorectal area in 16, and mesenteric glands in 8. There was one case each involving the liver and sigmoid colon. Most patients were young women. The tuberculin reaction was significant in 83% of patients tested, and 54% had evidence of TB elsewhere. Tuberculous peritonitis was more common in native North American Indians and presented as an acute abdomen, abdominal tumor, or cirrhosis. Asians developed the majority of ileocecal and mesenteric lymph node disease and were frequently diagnosed as having Crohn's disease, appendicitis, or cancer. Anorectal cases presented with fistulae or abscesses and usually had concomitant pulmonary TB. The disease was fatal in five patients (6%), four of whom were diagnosed only after death. One noncompliant patient had a relapse. All other patients were cured after receiving treatment.
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PMID:Clinical features of abdominal tuberculosis. 276 Apr 89

Eight cases of abdominal tuberculosis from the Department of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital are reported to illustrate the varied clinical manifestations of the disease. Presentation ranged from asymptomatic hepatomegaly to acute abdomen (intestinal obstruction/perforation). Chronic non-specific symptomatology (fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, jaundice) was commonest. There were three patients with hepatic tuberculosis, two with tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis and three with intestinal tuberculosis, two of whom had concomitant tuberculous peritonitis. Only three patients had coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis. The diagnosis was unsuspected at presentation in four patients. Initial provisional diagnoses included typhoid, abdominal lymphoma, hepatic malignancy, chronic hepatitis and iatrogenic gut perforation. All patients responded totally to conventional antituberculous therapy.
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PMID:The varied manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis. 343 16

Small bowel perforation occurs in up to 2 percent of patients with abdominal tuberculous. Patients present with an acute abdomen. Resection of the diseased segment and 18 months treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs is recommended.
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PMID:Tuberculous perforation of the small bowel. 398 60

Examination of 119 patients with abdominal tuberculosis permitted the description of the characteristic semiotics of the illness. Today the patients with abdominal tuberculosis are mainly women of child-bearing age with a long-term tuberculosis catamnesis and intoxication, with a history of tuberculosis of different sites, those suffering from tuberculosis or its sequels at present (64%), those with pains (94%), discomfort or swelling of the abdomen (79%), malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract (65%), weight loss (86%), malnutrition (72%), anemia (63%), not infrequently with inflammatory induration (43%) or ascites in the abdominal cavity (39%). In addition to this characteristic semiotics, the patients with abdominal tuberculosis may demonstrate the most different and unexpected symptoms up to acute abdomen (23%). To make differential diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis, one has often to resort to diagnostic laparotomy, laparoscopy, Koch's test and to trial therapy.
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PMID:[Semeiotics of abdominal tuberculosis]. 649 18

Two cases are reported exemplifying the difficulties faced in the clinical diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis. Two fertile-aged nulliparous females were admitted with symptoms and signs of an acute abdomen. Both showed a relative intestinal obstruction, abdominal mass and ascitic fluid. A malignant disease was suspected and laparotomy was performed. Tuberculous peritonitis was demonstrated histologically in biopsy and later confirmed by positive culture for tubercle bacilli. In the first case the correct diagnosis was disclosed during operation by frozen section, although the histological picture also indicated possible carcinosis because of a heavy mesothelial hyperplasia. A 9-month chemotherapy with isoniazide and rifampicin, supplemented during the first 2 months by streptomycin or ethambutol, was successful in both cases.
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PMID:Tuberculous peritonitis simulating peritoneal carcinosis. 716 74

A 41-year-old male was admitted because of acute abdomen. A flat plate of the abdomen suggested pneumoperitoneum and a chest X-ray an infiltrate in the right upper lobe. The patient was a renal allograft recipient and was on immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine, cyclosporine and steroids. At laparatomy inflammatory thickening of the bowel wall was found in the terminal ileum with necrotic areas and two sites of perforation. The involved terminal ileum was removed together with a right hemicolectomy. The resected segment showed exudative ileal tuberculosis and fibrinous and purulent peritonitis. During the postoperative period rapid hematogenous spread of tuberculosis developed with progressive reduction of respiratory function followed by ARDS. Autopsy revealed tuberculosis in all organs including the transplanted kidney.
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PMID:Tuberculosis of the small bowel with perforation and hematogenous spread in a renal transplant recipient. 821 58

Intestinal perforation is an extremely uncommon complication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. We describe two cases of multiple intestinal perforations secondary to MTB in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presenting at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center over a 2-month period. For each case, this was the first presentation of AIDS. One of the two patients had concurrent pulmonary involvement. One patient died, and the other responded to therapy and was discharged in stable condition. The most striking finding in both cases was the extremely large number of acid-fast bacteria seen transmurally on the pathological specimens. This might be related to impaired T-cell function. The resurgence of MTB infection in North America, in the presence of the AIDS epidemic, may result in an increasing frequency of unusual presentations, such as intestinal perforation. Intestinal perforation due to MTB should be considered in HIV-infected patients presenting with an acute abdomen.
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PMID:Intestinal perforation due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals: report of two cases. 847 Jun 47

Tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunosuppressed patients is characterized by extra-pulmonary disease in as many of 70% of them. If intestinal or lymph node involvement occurs, the differential diagnosis between an acute abdomen and other non surgical conditions may be a challenging problem. The authors analyzed eight double infected patients (TB and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS), who were admitted to the University Hospital (HUCFF) of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. This association should be considered when abdominal pain, anemia, fever, weight loss and abdominal lymph node enlargement are present. Bacteriology of body fluids, abdominal ultrasound (US) and computed tomography scans (CT) combined with guided needle aspiration biopsies, barium examination, colonoscopy and laparoscopy, can not only elucidate the diagnosis but also be helpful in assessing an appropriate management. Thus a systematic evaluation often yields an etiology and a correct therapeutic indication reducing the high mortality rate.
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PMID:Intra-abdominal tuberculosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Diagnosis and management. 853 Feb 32

Brown bowel syndrome is a rare condition characterized by deposition of lipofuscin in the smooth muscle cells of the gastrointestinal tract. The number of reported cases is small, but all are associated with malabsorptive states. Despite these small numbers, there is considerable evidence that vitamin E deficiency is important etiologically. We report here the case of a severely malnourished [body mass index 11.7 kg/m (2): normal range 20-25 kg/m (2)] 31-yr-old black male with a longstanding history of alcohol abuse, who was on anti-tuberculosis therapy. The patient presented with an acute abdomen and was found, at operation, to have a mid-ileal intussusception. Histological examination of the resected specimen demonstrated lipofuscin accumulation consistent with brown bowel syndrome, but no tumor. Subsequent investigations revealed no significant quantities of vitamin E in the blood and pancreatic steatorrhea. However, deficiency of other fat-soluble (vitamin A and D) and water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C and thiamine) also were detected. This report supports the association of brown bowel syndrome with vitamin E deficiency but cannot exclude the compounding effects of protein calorie malnutrition, multiple vitamin deficiencies, and chronic alcohol toxicity.
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PMID:Small bowel intussusception and brown bowel syndrome in association with severe malnutrition. 867 14


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