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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hantaviruses, the causative agents of HFRS, have become more widely recognized. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that these pathogens are distributed worldwide. People who come into close contact with infected rodents in urban, rural and laboratory environments are at particular risk. Transmission to man occurs mainly via the respiratory tract. The epidemiology of the hantaviruses is intimately linked to the ecology of their principal vertebrate hosts. Four distinct viruses are now recognized within the hantavirus genus and that number is likely to increase to six very soon; however, further investigations are necessary. Much more work is still needed before we fully understand the wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms of HFRS as well as the pathogenicity of the different viruses in the hantavirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family. HFRS is difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone and serological evidence is often needed. A fourfold rise in IgG antibody titer in a 1-week interval, and the presence of the IgM type of antibodies against hantaviruses are good evidence for an acute hantavirus infection. Physicians should be alert for HFRS each time they deal with patients with acute febrile flu-like illness, renal failure of unknown origin and sometimes hepatic dysfunction. Especially the mild form of HFRS is difficult to diagnose. Acute onset, headache, fever, increased serum creatinine, proteinuria and polyuria are signs and symptoms compatible with a mild form of HFRS. Differential diagnosis should be considered for the following diseases in the endemic areas of HFRS: acute renal failure, hemorrhagic scarlet fever, acute abdomen, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, murine typhus, spotted fevers, non-A, non-B hepatitis, Colorado tick fever, septicemia, dengue, heartstroke and DIC. Treatment of HFRS is mainly supportive. Recently, however, treatment of HFRS patients with ribavirin in China and Korea, within 7 days after onset of fever, resulted in a reduced mortality as well as shortened course of illness.
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PMID:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. 257 14

We report on 4 cases of severe icteric leptospirosis. Three patients developed renal failure requiring haemodialysis and one required mechanic ventilation for 10 days. On entry all patients presented with severe myalgia, particularly in the calves, jaundice, oligo-anuria and severe thrombocytopenia. In one case an acute abdomen-like presentation led to exploratory laparotomy. We believe that the abdominal pain was mainly due to rhabdomyolysis of the abdominal wall. The outcome was favorable in all cases and recovery of renal function was observed after a few days to several weeks. Three out of 4 patients were infected in southern Switzerland. This observation underscores the importance of wild and domestic animals as a leptospira reservoir. Patients presenting with acute renal failure and jaundice, but only mild-to-moderate elevation of transaminases, are suspect for leptospirosis regardless of travel to a tropical or subtropical country.
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PMID:[Endemic and imported severe leptospirosis (Weil's disease) in southern Switzerland]. 1107 13

Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal disease which can cause multi-organ dysfunction. It can have different rare presentations. Acute pancreatitis is one such rare gastrointestinal manifestation which present as an acute abdomen. Simultaneous presence of features of both acute pancreatitis and acute hyponatremia in a case of Weil's disease characterised by combination of jaundice, acute kidney injury, hypotension and hemorrhagic manifestation is very rare.
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PMID:An Unusual Presentation of Weil's Disease. 3155 82