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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anisakidosis is the infestation of man by the larval stage of the parasite Anisakis simplex. A history of ingestion of raw or undercooked fish up to 48-72 hours before the onset is highly orientative. Based on the location of the lesions, various types of human anisakidosis have been identified: gastric, intestinal and luminal forms constitute the majority of cases and symptoms often mimic a variety of acute conditions such as gastritis, acute appendicitis, diverticulitis, or ileitis. We present a case of a young woman admitted to our department with acute abdominal pain. A history of raw fish ingestion was recorded. The patient was submitted to explorative laparoscopy in which an oedematous, thickened segment of ileum was observed. Therefore a small laparotomy was performed, followed by resection of the thickened ileum. The histological examination revealed transmural inflammation with marked infiltration of eosinophils. High levels of total IgE and Anisakis simplex-specific IgE were recorded. Anisakidosis is an underestimated cause of acute abdomen, and should be taken into consideration as a differential diagnosis in these conditions. Nevertheless, in most cases, the correct approach could prove difficult, because surgery may be necessary in these settings, allowing the diagnosis only by histological and parasitological investigation of the resected specimen.
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PMID:[Acute abdomen due to anisakidosis]. 1883 68

Emphysematous gastritis is a rapidly fatal and rare type of infectious gastritis. It may lead to involvement of esophagus, and organ necrosis, in its severe form. A 16-year-old, previously healthy, boy presenting with acute abdomen was diagnosed to have emphysematous gastritis on CT scan. During laparotomy, there was complete necrosis of the stomach, with patchy esophageal involvement. Aggressive management in the form of total gastrectomy, and later, transthoracic esophagectomy was done. However, it failed to alter the course of the illness, and the patient succumbed to the illness. Emphysematous gastritis is rare in young patients without known risk factors. Also, only two previous cases have been reported with esophageal involvement. We have presented this case with a brief review of literature.
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PMID:Emphysematous gastritis causing gastric and esophageal necrosis in a young boy. 1990 71

Emphysematous gastritis is a rare infection of the stomach wall with high mortality rate. It is caused by gas forming organisms and may arise by local spread through the mucosa or hematogenous dissemination from distant focus. Clinical manifestation includes acute abdomen with systemic toxicity, and diagnosis is based on radiologic demonstration of gas within the gastric wall. Treatment should be aimed to cover gram-negative organisms and anaerobes using wide-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, and sometimes surgical management may be needed in order to enhance survival. Herein, we report a case of emphysematous gastritis in a patient with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis.
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PMID:[A case of emphysematous gastritis in a patient with end-stage renal disease]. 2177 2

The article presents the case of a male patient, hospitalized due to severe pain in the upper abdomen area, nausea, and vomiting. The patient was diagnosed with surgical acute abdomen, for which emergency surgery is performed. Upon penetration into the peritoneal cavity, stomach inspection shows at the medio-gastric level, on the greater curvature, a callous gastric ulcer, with a central perforation. A large excision is decided up to the healthy (normal) gastric tissue, and the resulting pieces are sent to the pathological anatomy laboratory. The histopathological exam reveals signet ring cell recent gastric carcinoma. The biopsy performed 1 month after surgery, prelevated from the antropyloric zone, reveals antropyloric gastritis with moderate activity and Helicobacter pylori positive. Due to the fact that such cases when this gastric cancer type is diagnosed in recent stages are extremely rare, we considered it useful to present it and look into its macroscopic and microscopic aspects, as well as into the differentiating diagnosis.
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PMID:[Clinical and morphological features in a case of recent gastric carcinoma (the signet ring cell carcinoma type)]. 2185 50

Duodenal diverticulitis has been considered a rare entity. The diagnosis with computed tomography has become a fast and noninvasive means of detection and guide to management. Cases of surgically resected duodenal diverticula reforming and reinfecting are rarer yet, often presenting with similar symptoms. Duodenal diverticulitis can present with a wide range of symptoms mimicking anything from gastritis to acute abdomen, or as in the case of our patient, as mid abdominal pain with newly developed liver abscess. According to the literature, duodenal diverticula are incidentally discovered at a rate of 5% to 10% in living adults and in up to 22% at autopsy.
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PMID:Recurrent duodenal diverticulitis after surgical resection of the diverticulum: a case report and literature review. 2198 Jun 77

Acute abdomen can be defined as a medical emergency in which there is sudden and severe pain in abdomen with accompanying signs and symptoms that focus on an abdominal involvement. It accounts for about 8 % of all children attending the emergency department. The goal of emergency management is to identify and treat any life-threatening medical or surgical disease condition and relief from pain. In mild cases often the cause is gastritis or gastroenteritis, colic, constipation, pharyngo-tonsilitis, viral syndromes or acute febrile illnesses. The common surgical causes are malrotation and Volvulus (in early infancy), intussusception, acute appendicitis, and typhoid and ischemic enteritis with perforation. Lower lobe pneumonia, diabetic ketoacidosis and acute porphyria should be considered in patients with moderate-severe pain with little localizing findings in abdomen. The approach to management in ED should include, in order of priority, a rapid cardiopulmonary assessment to ensure hemodynamic stability, focused history and examination, surgical consult and radiologic examination to exclude life threatening surgical conditions, pain relief and specific diagnosis. In a sick patient the initial steps include rapid IV access and normal saline 20 ml/kg (in the presence of shock/hypovolemia), adequate analgesia, nothing per oral/IV fluids, Ryle's tube aspiration and surgical consultation. An ultrasound abdomen is the first investigation in almost all cases with moderate and severe pain with localizing abdominal findings. In patients with significant abdominal trauma or features of pancreatitis, a Contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) abdomen will be a better initial modality. Continuous monitoring and repeated physical examinations should be done in all cases. Specific management varies according to the specific etiology.
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PMID:Emergency management of acute abdomen in children. 2345 44

The finding of gas within the gastric wall is not a disease by itself, rather than a sign of an underlying condition which could be systemic or gastric. We present the case of a woman identified with gastric emphysema secondary to the administration of high doses of steroids, with the purpose of differentiating emphysematous gastritis versus gastric emphysema due to the divergent prognostic implications. Gastric emphysema entails a more benign course, opposed to emphysematous gastritis which often presents as an acute abdomen and carries a worse prognosis. Owing to the lack of established diagnostic criteria, computed tomography is the assessment method of choice. Currently no guidelines are available for the management of this entity, since the evidence is limited to a few case series and a considerable number of single case reports.
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PMID:Gastric emphysema a spectrum of pneumatosis intestinalis: a case report and literature review. 2509 29

Collagenous gastritis is an extremely rare disease, both in children and adults. Symptoms vary depending on the extent of collagenous changes in the bowel. In most of the children, iron deficiency anemia and abdominal pain are the presenting symptoms. We present a 15-year-old boy with acute abdomen due to gastric perforation the cause of which was collagenous gastritis.
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PMID:Spontaneous Gastric Perforation in a Case of Collagenous Gastritis. 2681 80

Phlegmonous gastritis (PG) is a nonspecific suppurative inflammation disease arising from the submucosal layer, and extending to the full thickness of the stomach. We herein report on a case of acute PG which was diagnosed with abdominal ultrasonography. A 64-year-old man presented at a hospital after having recently undergone pacemaker implantation for the treatment of complete atrioventricular block. He was admitted as an emergency due to a fever of 39 degrees C. He showed anorexia, epigastralgia, vomiting of coffee-ground emesis on the second hospital day, and abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) performed on the third hospital day showed the disappearance of the normal laminated structure and hypoechoic thickening of the stomach walls. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed significant hyperplasia of the stomach walls, an erythrogenic mucosa, and poor extension. On the fourth hospital day, computed tomography revealed concentric thickening of the stomach walls. Streptococcus pyogenes was cultured from his blood sample. Based on those findings, the patient was diagnosed as having acute phlegmonous gastritis. His clinical symptoms improved and the abnormal ultrasonographic examination findings thereafter returned to normal following the administration of antibiotics. PG should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis when encountering patients with acute abdomen. We experienced a rare case of acute phlegmonous gastritis and AUS was useful for making an early diagnosis.
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PMID:[The Abdominal Ultrasonographic Appearance of Acute Phlegmonous Gastritis]. 2719 37

Emphysematous gastritis is the infection of gastric mucosa by gas producing microorganisms. It is a rare infection with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. The association of portal venous gas along with emphysematous gastritis is a rare entity. The concomitant portal venous gas worsens the outcome and warrant for surgical treatment. Our case has portal venous gas on CT scan along with suspicion of emphysematous gastritis and an esophageal ulcer on upper GI endoscopy. Medical treatment was given in our case of portal venous gas with the esophageal ulcer. Our case is unique because our patient responded to the conservative management. The patient presented with past history of polysubstance abuse and chronic kidney disease presented with symptoms of acute abdomen. CT scan revealed portal venous gas and suspicion of gastric emphysema. In addition, few foci of gas are seen along the vessels traversing between the stomach and liver. Endoscopy with gastric mucosa biopsy showed Candida albicans. Subsequently, antifungals were started. There was improvement in clinical condition of the patient. We, hereby, also summarize all the reported cases of emphysematous gastritis with treatment and outcome in each case. There has been change in trend from surgical to medical treatment.
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PMID:Unexplained Portal Gas in a Patient with an Esophageal Ulcer. 3064 53


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