Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trans-mesenteric hernia is a form of internal hernia which is an extremely rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adults compared with the pediatric population. It often presents with complications such as acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis requiring immediate surgical intervention. We report a case of a 21-year-old woman who presented to us with an acute abdomen and peritonitis that required an immediate exploratory laparotomy. She was found to have a small congenital mesenteric defect with strangulated segment of ileum. Gangrenous portion of the ileum was resected and the congenital defect was closed. The patient made an uneventful recovery. The occurrence of trans-mesenteric hernia in adults is rare and difficult to be diagnosed clinically; thus, the patient's clinical features may lead to early surgical intervention in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.
...
PMID:Congenital trans-mesenteric herniation: a rare cause of small intestine strangulation in adults. 2496 90

The authors present a case report of a 39-year-old woman with acute abdomen - a comorbid patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic renal insufficiency as a complication of lupus nephritis, included in a haemodialysis programme. The patient had also undergone transplantation of the left kidney in the past. She was initially admitted to the Department of Traumatology for a total endoprosthesis procedure due to bionecrosis of the head of the thigh bone. Postoperatively, the patients condition was complicated by gangrene of the colon confirmed by CT scan and during the operation. The patient was operated on - subtotal colectomy, terminal ileostomy and left-sided ovariectomy was performed. The postoperative course was complicated by perforation of the jejunum which was sutured. The patient was admitted to ICU and, after recovery, to our surgical department. Because of the metabolic disturbance she was treated in the internal medicine department. After 60 days she was discharged in a good condition, walking and with full per os realimentation.Key words: lupus erythematosus gangrene of the colon acute abdomen.
...
PMID:[A rare case of an acute abdomen patient with gangrene of the colon as a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus]. 2565 57

Hernia is an abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a defect in its surrounding walls. It can be divided into internal, external and diaphragmatic hernias. Most of them can be asymptomatic. If they become symptomatic they can present with features of intestinal obstruction, incarceration or strangulation. In this case series we compare the incidence of these rare presentations of hernias with world literature and to warn surgeons not to cut the obstructing band in cases of internal hernias. In this case series, we review the clinical details of 7 rare presentations of hernia, who presented with various types of hernias to a tertiary care centre in Kerala over a period of one year. Of these 7 cases 6 cases were internal hernias (3 left paraduodenal hernias, 2 transmesentric hernias, and 1 pericaecal hernia) and a case of spigelian hernia above the level of umbilicus. All of them presented as acute abdomen in the emergency department. Among these 7 cases, only one case was diagnosed preoperatively. Three patients had bowel gangrene and had to undergo resection- anastomosis of the bowel. The survival rate among these cases was 100% as compared to 50% in the world literature if they had been left untreated. Even though internal hernias are a rare entity, we need to have it as a differential diagnosis in case of intestinal obstruction, in a previously non-operated abdomen.
...
PMID:Rare Hernias Presenting as Acute Abdomen- A Case Series. 2713 43

Bochdalek hernia is the most frequent congenital diaphragmatic hernia which occurs due to a defect in the posterior attachment of the diaphragm when there is a failure of closure of the pleuroperitoneal membrane in utero. It rarely presents for the first time in adults. We report one such case of a 23-year-old male patient who presented with an acute abdomen. Chest X-ray showed air under diaphragm and he was taken up for an emergency laparotomy. Intraoperatively an organoaxial volvulus of the stomach was found in a bochdaleks hernia with a focal gangrene of the stomach fundus with perforation and peritonitis. However, there was no breach of pleural cavity. A sleeve resection of the gangrenous portion of the stomach was performed and the diaphragmatic defect was repaired. Patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery. Gastric gangrene with perforation as a manifestation of the adult bochdalek hernia is indeed rare. A concomitant pneumothorax occurs along with this condition which requires an intercostal drainage tube prior to the laparotomy. We report this case for its unique presentation without pneumothorax.
...
PMID:Perforated Gastric Gangrene without Pneumothorax in an Adult Bochdalek Hernia due to Volvulus. 2719 Aug 84

Strangulated intestinal obstruction is one of the most common types of acute abdomen and requires urgent surgical treatment. Herein, we report a very rare case of strangulated intestinal obstruction caused by an ileo-ileal knot. An 80-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with suspicion of strangulation ileus and underwent emergency laparotomy after investigation by exploratory single-port laparoscopy. During surgery, a small bowel gangrene caused by an ileo-ileal knot was found. The gangrenous segment was resected, and primary anastomosis was performed. Post-operative recovery was uneventful except for a minor wound infection. Our extensive search of the literature found only 7 case reports of ileo-ileal knot including ours. An ileo-ileal knot should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction, because this rare phenomenon requires urgent surgical treatment; and some complications should be considered during or after surgery.
 ...
PMID:Ileo-ileal knot: a rare case of acute strangulated intestinal obstruction. 2830 69

Meckel's Diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of gastrointestinal tract, occurring in 2% of the population. It is a true diverticulum and histologically all four intestinal layers are present within MD. There are various complications related to a Meckel's diverticulum, including haemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, inflammation and perforation. Axial torsion followed by gangrene of MD is the rarest of the complications that have been reported. The exact mechanism for torsion is unclear. Preoperative diagnosis of torsion of MD is difficult and often confused with appendicitis as pain is usually localized to right lower quadrant. Radiological investigations do not provide much help in diagnosis. We report a case of axial torsion of MD presenting as acute abdomen in an 11-year-old female patient. The diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. Confirmatory diagnosis and further surgical management was done by exploratory laparotomy under general anaesthesia.
 ...
PMID:Axial Torsion of Meckel's Diverticulum: A Rare Case Report. 2920 75

The acute abdomen with its many clinical aspects is not a condition that eludes pregnancy; acute appendicitis being the most frequently incriminated, but when it comes to its complication - peritonitis and the pregnant is a teenager, the cases cited in the literature are quite rare. We present the case of a 15-year-old teenager pregnant within 24 weeks admitted from the emergency department with the diagnosis of acute abdomen and operated for generalized peritonitis due to a perforated appendicitis. The microscopic analysis of the specimen indicated the presence of ulceration and extensive and deep and necrosis of the appendicle wall, the residual structures being dissected by a predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes inflammatory infiltrate associated with eosinophilic fibrinous deposits. Gangrenous extended necrosis of appendicle tissues, on the background of inflammatory thrombosis of appendicle vessels and mesothelium, sustained the diagnosis of acute gangrenous appendicitis. After a rather difficult evolution, she gave birth to a healthy fetus through a segmental-transverse Caesarean section at 35 gestational weeks. One week after the birth, the patient was operated for bowel obstruction by means of bridles and adherents. Both the appendicitis and the intestinal obstruction syndrome have been resolved by classic surgery. The fetal and maternal, vital and functional prognosis was good.
 ...
PMID:The acute abdomen in pregnancy and postpartum of a teenager woman. Case report. 3053 37

There is only limited information on the epidemiology and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients from low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to identify the etiology, short-term outcomes, and determinants of mortality in patients with AKI admitted to multiple medical and surgical Intensive Care Units (ICU's) in a tertiary care center. The study also aims to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of community-acquired AKI (CAAKI) and hospital-acquired AKI (HAAKI). A prospective, observational study was done from June 2013 to October 2015. All patients over 18 years with AKI admitted in various medical and surgical ICU's seeking nephrology referral were included. AKI was defined according to KDIGO criteria. The follow-up period was 30 days. A total of 236 patients were recruited from five medical and nine surgical ICU's. Majority (73.3%) were males. About 53.38% patients had CAAKI, whereas 46.61% had HAAKI. The predominant etiologies for AKI were sepsis (22.4%), trauma due to road traffic accidents (21.18%), acute abdomen (perforation, acute pancreatitis, bowel gangrene, intestinal obstruction and cholangitis) (18.64%), and cardiac diseases (10.59%). Sepsis and acute abdomen were the most common causes of CAAKI, whereas trauma and cardiac causes were the predominant causes of HAAKI (P < 0.05). Patients with HAAKI were younger, admitted in surgical units, had lower SOFA scores, lower serum creatinine, lesser need for dialysis, longer hospital stay, and earlier stages of AKI compared to patients with CAAKI (P < 0.05). The 30-day mortality was 52.54%. The mortality was not different between CAAKI and HAAKI (56.3% vs. 48.18%; relative risk = 0.86: 95% confidence interval 0.67-1.1). The mortality was similar across different stages of AKI.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center. 3064 94

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) related gastrointestinal vasculitis is a rare condition limited to case studies within the literature however, no cases of rectal gangrene and perforation have been previously described. A 32-year-old male presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and fevers. CT demonstrated free gas and free fluid around the rectum indicative of a perforation. He proceeded to urgent laparotomy, confirming a diagnosis of rectal infarction and perforation. Uniquely, the involved segment of gangrene extended from the rectosigmoid to the anorectal junction. A Hartmanns procedure was performed. Histopathology confirmed underlying stenosis of the rectal arteries secondary to chronic vasculitis related to the affected areas. The current case is a unique presentation of SLE-related vasculitis. It highlights the need to judiciously investigate SLE patients presenting with surgical acute abdomen.
 ...
PMID:A rare case of lupus-related gastrointestinal vasculitis presenting as rectal gangrene. 3104 66

Strongyloides stercoralis is a helminth, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. Its infestation in humans usually does not produce symptoms. However, in some patients, severe and life-threatening forms of this infection can occur, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Severe parasitic infection is triggered by any imbalance in the host's immunity favouring the auto-infective cycle. This results in an increase in the intraluminal parasitic burden. In addition, tissue infestation is also very common. Clinical presentation is variable, and it is very difficult to diagnose clinically. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. In some cases, the diagnosis is established only on histopathological examination of the excised tissue by the pathologist. Here, the authors report a case of an elderly male diabetic patient, who presented to the emergency department with the features of acute abdomen. On exploratory laparotomy, he was found to have the features suggestive of gangrene of small bowel. Resection of the gangrenous bowel was done, and end-to-end anastomosis was done as the rest of the bowel appeared to be normal. However, the patient died of multi-organ failure and septicaemia on the second postoperative day. The resected intestine showed tissue infestation of Strongyloides stercoralis on histopathological examination. In this review article, the authors summarize a case of hyper infection syndrome of strongyloidiasis and discuss the various aspects of Strongyloides stercoralis infection with emphasis on life cycle of the parasite and different clinical features of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Strongyloides stercoralis Hyper infection Syndrome. 3241 45


<< Previous 1 2 3 4