Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 77-yr-old man who had received systemic steroids for more than 6 yr presented with an acute abdomen. Laparotomy revealed an ulcerative jejunitis with purulent peritonitis. The patient underwent resection of involved bowel followed by a 10-day course of aciclovir, with excellent results. Pathologic examination showed a necrotizing enteritis with intranuclear inclusions typical of Herpesvirus that reacted immunocytochemically with antibodies to herpes simplex virus types I and II. A rising herpes simplex virus serum antibody titer confirmed the diagnosis. Intestinal herpes infection with perforation should be added to the list of complications from herpes simplex in the immunocompromised patient.
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PMID:Intestinal herpes simplex infection presenting with intestinal perforation. 141 8

Phlegmonous enteritis is a rare inflammatory bowel disease. A 52-yr-old man with a history of alcoholic abuse was admitted to the hospital for an acute abdomen and died of septicemia and its complications. Autopsy revealed phlegmonous inflammation of the ileum and severe fatty liver. Numerous Gram-negative rod bacilli were demonstrated in the ileal mucosa. Shortened villi and decreased lysozyme activity of Paneth cells in the small intestine might be results of chronic alcohol ingestion. The relationship between phlegmonous enteritis and alcoholic abuse was strongly suggested in this case.
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PMID:Phlegmonous enteritis in alcoholic fatty liver. 192 52

A 73 year old woman presenting with an acute abdomen was diagnosed as having phlegmonous enteritis after microscopic examination revealed the characteristic finding of a diffuse suppurative inflammation limited to the submucosa in the resected ileal segment. Culture of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the microscopic demonstration of gram positive cocci and gram negative rods confirmed the bacterial etiology of this disease. There was no evidence of mucosal injury in this patient, but the possible role of ischemia secondary to atherosclerotic vascular disease cannot be assessed. Because of the associated high morbidity and mortality, phlegmonous enteritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen.
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PMID:[Phlegmonous enteritis--a rare cause of acute abdomen]. 194 74

A 37-yr-old white man experienced crampy abdominal pain beginning 21 days after successful bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Generalized edema and hypoproteinemia developed. Symptoms persisted until 61 days post-transplant, when the patient developed an acute abdomen. At laparotomy, an edematous segment of jejunum was resected. Pathological examination showed submucosal vasculitis and necrotizing enteritis. Serum protein and albumin levels returned to normal within a few weeks after surgery. Vasculitis of the gastrointestinal tract should be considered in the differential diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy after bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Jejunal vasculitis with protein-losing enteropathy after bone marrow transplantation. 233 1

Clinicopathological features and follow-up of 13 cases of acute segmental enteritis, representing the Chandigarh experience over the last 4 years, are reviewed. Symptoms and signs were those of small bowel obstruction, lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage and peritonitis. The ischemic lesions mainly affected the proximal jejunum. The involved segment was edematous, congested, and spastic with loss of normal luster. The mesenteric vessels and vascular arcades were pulsatile. The lesion was characterized by mucosal ulceration of variable lengths in the small bowel, progressing to full thickness necrosis in some cases. The histopathological examination revealed a number of scattered segments of acute necrotizing enteritis. Resection of the diseased segment was performed in all the patients. 1 patient died, giving an operative mortality of 7.7%. No single cause was implicated. Although the disease is not common, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen when diarrhea or intestinal bleeding is present at the onset.
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PMID:Acute segmental enteritis. 650 18

The frequency of human infections caused by Campylobacter (C.) jejuni is thought to be at present as significant as that of the gastroenteric salmonelloses. The clinical symptoms are mostly like enteritis, enterocolitis, acute abdomen or ileitis terminalis. Post-infection reactions are possible not only as arthritis or septicemia but also as meningitis, conjunctivitis, carditis, pneumonia, cholecystitis, peritonitis, urinary tract infection and abortion. Only cultural examinations confirm the diagnosis of an infection with C. jejuni. If chemotherapy is required, erythromycin is the remedy of choice. Animals are an important reservoir for C. jejuni, but the epidemiology of human infections with this microorganism is not well understood.
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PMID:[Campylobacter jejuni--a "recent" pathogen worthy of study. Present knowledge on its clinical aspects, diagnosis, therapy and epidemiology]. 675 59

Enteral yersiniosis is caused either by Y. enterocolitica 0-group I (syn. serotype 0:3) and 0-group V (syn. serotype 0:9) or Y. pseudotuberculosis type I-VI. The clinical symptoms are mostly like enteritis, enterocolitis, acute abdomen, mesenteric lymphadenitis, or ileitis terminalis. Post-infection reactions are possible like septicemia, arthritis and erythema nodosum. Only cultural and serological examinations confirm the diagnosis of enteral yersiniosis. In the judgement of serological results it is necessary to consider the cross-reactions of Y. enterocolitica 0-group V to Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis and also to the antigenic community of Y. pseudotuberculosis type II respectively IV to Salmonella group B respectively D. With exception of septicemia, it is not necessary to treat enteral yersiniosis with antibiotics.
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PMID:[Enteral yersiniosis--a serious disease? Current knowledge of clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy]. 709 94

Cytomegalovirus disease is an opportunistic infection that is seen in patients with inmunodeficiencies. The group most commonly affected are AIDS and transplanted patients. Only a few cases of cytomegalovirus disease in non-immunocompromised patients have been reported. In localized disease, the gastrointestinal tract is the most frequently affected. We report two cases of acute abdomen caused by cytomegalovirus enteritis and colitis (histopathological diagnosis) without any underlying immune disorder. The role that the cytomegalovirus infection might play in the development of the clinical manifestations in these two cases is discussed. Without an established immunodeficiency we must be careful to attribute to cytomegalovirus infection the direct responsibility of the lesions. In the reported cases, the existence of intestinal ischemia is more than just a clinical hypothesis and pathological examination is inconclusive. The absence of an immunocompromised state, the presentation as an acute abdomen and the clinical course forwards intestinal occlusion in the first case are not characteristic of cytomegalovirus enteritis and colitis. We conclude that the two reported cases are in fact an ischemic enteritis upon which cytomegalovirus enteritis and colitis was superimposed, an association that has not been reported before.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus enteritis and colitis in nonimmunodepressed patients, a primary disease or superinfection?]. 798 12

Twenty-four patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia who had been splenectomised and currently on treatment were studied retrospectively. They were divided into two groups. Group A: who had splenectomy prior to commencement of any regular blood transfusion. The mean haemoglobin for this group rose from 5.5 gm/dl pre-splenectomy to 7.7 gm/dl post splenectomy (p < 0.001). Group B: who were on regular blood transfusion when they had their splenectomy and the mean blood transfusion requirement dropped from 317 ml/kg/yr to 230 ml/kg/yr of packed red cells following splenectomy (p < 0.001). Three patients who were on regular blood transfusion and desferrioxamine developed Yersinia enterocolitica infection. They presented with fever and signs of an acute abdomen. At laparotomy, 2 of the patients had acute appendicitis. All 3 appendices grew Yersinia enterocolitica and one patient also had a Yersinia enterocolitica septicaemia. If a patient develops fever and enteritis, desferrioxamine should be stopped temporarily and cotrimoxazole started as prophylaxis against systemic Yersiniosis. No cases of pneumoccocal sepsis was reported.
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PMID:Homozygous beta-thalassaemia: a review of patients who had splenectomy at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney. 800 82

Radiation therapy is administered to approximately one third of patients with cancer as part of their treatment plan. Radiation-induced bowel injury is a major cause of morbidity in these patients. The pathophysiology of this condition as well as recommendations for the management of acute and chronic radiation enteritis are discussed. In general, except for patients presenting with signs of an acute abdomen, conservative management yields the best clinical results.
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PMID:Radiation-induced intestinal injury. 832 95


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