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Query: UMLS:C0000727 (acute abdomen)
 3,084 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of a HIV-positive patient hospitalized with acute abdomen secondary to infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV), is presented. Infection by CMV is frequent in HIV-positive patients, with a relevant intestinal affection. However, its presentation as acute abdomen is more rare, although it has to be considered given that the demonstration of the presence of CMV and its potential pathogenic power have important therapeutic connotations. Currently, the use of diagnostic techniques based in specific monoclonal antibodies and DNA hybridization methods increases the diagnostic sensitivity of the traditional methods based on histological demonstration of the cytopathic effect and/or viral cultives.
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PMID:[Acute abdomen secondary to cytomegalovirus infection]. 131 10

Infection with the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides is common in children and may mimic an acute abdomen. The cases of two pediatric patients who presented to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of a surgical abdomen are presented to highlight the presentation of this infection. Both cases were diagnosed by physical examination and radiographs and were treated successfully without surgical intervention. These cases illustrate the need for heightened awareness by the emergency physician of ascariasis in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen.
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PMID:Ascariasis mimicking an acute abdomen. 173 17

The authors draw attention to the pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of children who develop abdominal pain in the course of an infection. Based on many years experience with the nursing and treatment of children at the Isolation Clinics of the Faculty Hospital and Policlinic Na Bulovce, rPague the authors evaluated a group of children (1982-1987) treated most frequently on account of parotitis, varicella, diarrhoeal disease and meningitis who developed concurrently symptoms of true or false acute abdomen. The authors analyze the most frequent diagnostic and therapeutic errors which cause deterioration of the course and prognosis of surgical acute abdomen in children whose health status is adversely influenced by the infectious disease.
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PMID:[Infectious diseases in children complicated by appendicitis]. 225 85

Twenty-two patients with acute abdominal symptoms were studied by abdominal sonography and by sonographically guided aspiration of intraperitoneal fluid. The colour of the fluid was found to be diagnostically valuable: a green colour indicated gallbladder perforation, a yellow colour was found in a variety of infectious diseases, a red colour in haemorrhagic pancreatitis or haemorrhage. Aspirating fluid from the peritoneal cavity under ultrasound guidance in connection with any routine ultrasound examination is a valuable and easy method for studying patients with symptoms of acute abdomen.
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PMID:Diagnostic aspiration of abdominal fluid in patients with acute abdomen. 226 22

Infection, hemorrhage and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are pulmonary complications occurring after remission induction therapy for acute leukemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of these causes by serial roentgenogram, clinical, microbiological and laboratory tests in 21 patients (pts) with relapsed acute leukemia (18 X myeloid, 3 X lymphoblastic), an AML-pt (acute myeloid leukemia) suffering from secondary leukemia, and three pts with primary refractory leukemia following treatment with intermediate (IM) and high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-Ara C), in combination with amsacrine (AMSA)(n = 19), etoposide (VP 16) (n = 5) or Mitoxantrone (n = 1). Eleven out of 25 pts developed pulmonary complications, one of them with massive hemoptysis and roentgenographic signs of pulmonary bleeding, one suffering from protracted shock after a tumor lysis syndrome, two pts showing symptoms of a cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating severe Candida pneumonia in one case and legionnaires' disease in the other. Seven of the eleven pts had a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema with respiratory failure 1-14 days after cessation of induction or consolidation therapy. In six of the seven, there were no signs of cardiogenic, infectious or metabolic reasons, including fluid overload, for the pulmonary edema, one had as a contributing factor a Candida infection of the lung. Three of the seven patients recovered, four died (two following IM and two after HD-Ara C). Other adverse side effects, clearly attributable to HD-Ara C, included delirious state (n = 3), generalized erythema (n = 3), acute pancreatitis (n = 2), acute abdomen (n = 1) and conjunctivitis in almost all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating intermediate and high-dose Ara C treatment for relapsed acute leukemia. 336 72

Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is an infectious disease caused by hantavirus of the Bunyavirus family and carried by little rodents, in Denmark presumably by the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). The disease usually presents with self-limiting renal failure, thrombocytopenia, fever, lower back and/or abdominal pain. As such it might be confused with for example acute abdomen as shown by the two cases given. Final diagnosis is based upon demonstrating antibody formation against hantavirus.
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PMID:[Nephropathia epidemica. Hantavirus nephritis--a differential diagnosis in acute abdomen]. 781 17

Clostridium difficile causes a broad spectrum of enteric diseases in humans, ranging from mild antibiotic-associated diarrhoea to more severe pseudomembranous colitis. The authors report four cases of life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis with haemodynamic changes. Infection due to Clostridium difficile should be kept in mind whenever a patient undergoing antibiotic therapy develops a symptomatology of an acute abdomen.
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PMID:[Severe forms of pseudomembranous colitis caused by Clostridium difficile]. 857 94

Infectious disease is a common cause of acute abdomen. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination and basic laboratory tests. However, medical imaging routinely performed according to the clinical findings is frequently useful. Hepatic and splenic abscesses are correctly demonstrated by ultrasonography and computed tomography. Ultrasonography is the reference standard for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. The US examination is also performed for the diagnosis of appendicitis and its complications. Ultrasonography and barium enerna are commonly performed for the evaluation of signoid diverticulitis. Computed tomography is the reference standard to determine medical or surgical procedures.
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PMID:[Abdominal emergencies of infectious origin]. 879 74

We report an outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in a large Dublin hospital. From January to June 1995, inclusive, 139 patients were affected; the mean age of cases was 68.8 +/- 19 years. Clinical information is available for 73 cases identified during the first four months of the outbreak. The majority of patients presented with abrupt onset of watery diarrhoea; however, 19.2% presented with an unexplained pyrexia following a course of antimicrobial therapy and 5.5% presented with a surgical acute abdomen. Twenty patients (27.4%) experienced relapsing disease and seven (9.6%) patients died. Seventy-six percent of cases received a cephalosporin prior to the onset of disease, the highest relative risks occurring with third-generation agents; however, 9.6% of patients affected had not been exposed to antimicrobial therapy in the preceding eight weeks. Pyrolysis mass spectrometry identified two clusters of isolates, representing two strains of C. difficile. There was marked spatial clustering of these strains, with each confined to a separate area of the hospital. Infection control measures and an antibiotic policy were introduced. Throughout the outbreak period the use of the most frequently used cephalosporin in the hospital increased; this was accompanied paradoxically by a reduction in the number of new cases of CDAD.
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PMID:Simultaneous outbreaks of two strains of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in a general hospital. 969 45

A peritonitis caused by an ascending infection is a rare complication postpartum. A 37-year-old woman presented with a secondary peritonitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. The patient had given birth to a healthy boy 4 weeks before and showed no symptoms of a bronchitis on admission. An operation was performed after the patient developed an acute abdomen, showing a diffuse peritonitis. High vaginal swabs and blood cultures taken on admission were positive for S. pneumoniae as well as the specimen taken during the operation. Thus we concluded that this was a case of an ascending infection. After antibiotic therapy with penicillin the patient could be discharged 8 days after the operation.
Infection
PMID:Streptococcus pneumoniae peritonitis postpartum. 1078 99


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