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Query: T03G11 .9
 340,653 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven samples of commercial dicalcium phosphate, expected to contain variable amounts of monocalcium phosphate, from five established producers in Brazil and two in the United States, were evaluated and compared with a purified grade calcium phosphate dibasic dihydrate used as a reference standard. All samples were submitted to a wide range of tests at seven laboratories. Each determination was performed at least at two different laboratories, except for moisture, insoluble residue, loss on ignition, and x-ray diffraction assays, obtained from one single laboratory. All phosphate samples studied were in compliance with the manufacturer's levels of guarantee, except for three samples that were slightly out of specification (Ca, P, and F). Particle size patterns were variable, allowing for a classification of two products as "coarse", three as "fine", and three as "irregular". Phosphorus solubility in 2% citric acid ranged from 85.9 to 97.6%, pH from 3.2 to 6.1, and apparent density from 572 to 967 g/L. Atomic absorption or plasma emission spectrometry concentrations (average parts per million) for Al (3,200), As (10), B (14), Ba (165), Bi (< .1), Cd (6), Cr (57), Co (11), Cu (28), Fe (7,515), Hg (< .2), Mg (11,300), Mn (367), Mo (6), Ni (25), Pb (17), Se (< .5), Sb (1.3), Th (19), U (51), V (134), W (< 5), and Zn (152) were safe for all phosphates as compared to NRC standards. X-ray diffraction detected CaCO3 and impurities for all commercial samples, dolomite for three phosphates. Monocalcium phosphate was found in four samples. Aluminum salts present were identified as the low solubility, low toxicity silicates, and phosphates.
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PMID:Chemical and physical evaluations of commercial dicalcium phosphates as sources of phosphorus in animal nutrition. 855 31

The adhesion of cements to root canal surfaces is a crucial factor for strengthening non-vital teeth--weakened due to extensive loss of tooth structure--by cemented posts. The aim of this study was to determine the tensile strength of a glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Cem) on root canal walls following pretreatment with conditioners. Upon cleaning and shaping, 56 straight root canals--divided into seven groups--were conditioned with one of the following solutions: NaOCl (1%) + EDTA (20%), H3PO4 (37%), HNO3 (2.5%), citric acid (6%), polyacrylic acid (10% and 20%) and NaCl (0.9%) as control. Standardized dentine cylinders were prepared out of the coronal half of each root perpendicular to the root axis and subsequently split. The exposed root canal areas were coated with Ketac-Cem. Using an universal testing machine a tensile force was applied to Ketac-Cem up to fracture. Pretreatment with EDTA-NaOCl provided the strongest bond strength (2.2 MPa). The median values for the other conditioning solutions ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 MPa. The significantly weakest bond (0.5 MPa) was recorded for NaCl. The elimination of the smear layer appeared to be an essential factor in order to improve the adhesion.
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PMID:Adhesion of a glass ionomer cement to human radicular dentine. 862 34

The antitussive effect of the R-(+)- and S-(-)-enantiomers of moguisteine were evaluated in comparison with the racemate in cough induced by 7.5% citric acid and 30 microM capsaicin aerosol in conscious guinea-pigs. No difference in potency was observed between moguisteine and the enantiomers. The oral ED50 values (with 95% confidence limits) for moguisteine, R-(+)- and S-(-)-enantiomers were respectively: 20.4 (12.9-26.6), 20.9 (14.9-26) and 21.6 (11.8-30.0) mg/kg-1 in cough provoked by citric acid and 17.7 (12.5-29.8), 18.9 (14.1-30.1) and 20.5 (15.1-36.6) mg/kg-1 in cough induced by capsaicin. The acute oral and intraperitoneal toxicities of the enantiomers and moguisteine in the rat are very similar. These findings suggest that the use of either enantiomer does not offer any advantage over the racemate.
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PMID:Antitussive activity of moguisteine enantiomers in guinea-pigs and rats. 872 7

This study has investigated the antioxidant capacity of human seminal plasma due to the presence of both high and low molecular weight antioxidant factors. Methods for the measurement of superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-like) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were automated, and had a within-run coefficient of variation of 7.3% for SOD-like activity and 4.8% for TAS. In 69 semen samples from unselected infertile men, SOD-like activity in seminal plasma ranged from 2 to 16 U/ml, with a mean of 6.9 +/- 2.8 U/ml. As SOD-like activity was correlated positively with levels of citric acid (p < 0.0001), zinc (p < 0.0002) and acid phosphatase activity (p < 0.0005), and there was no correlation with fructose levels, our results suggest that prostatic secretions are an important source of superoxide anion scavengers. Evaluation of SOD-like activity in infertile men with accessory sex gland infections (n = 12) showed significantly lower activity (p < 0.003) compared to values found in 12 infertile men without signs of infection. The values obtained for total antioxidant status (equivalent to the antioxidant capacity of alpha-tocopherol analogue) ranged from 1.7 to 2.3 mmol/L, with a mean of 2.1 +/- 0.1 (n = 40), reflecting the protective activity of ascorbate, urate and albumin, and to a very low extent of glutathione and taurine. The data obtained by TAS assay correlated with fructose, a major marker of vesicular secretion (p < 0.005), suggesting that low molecular weight components with antioxidant capacity derive partly from the seminal vesicles. The results indicate that the relative contribution of antioxidant defence systems capable of counteracting the deleterious action of superoxide anions, depends on the secretory activity of accessory sex glands and is independent of excessive ROS production due to increased oxidative stress.
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PMID:Superoxide anion scavenging capacity of human seminal plasma. 873 38

Inhalation of sodium metabisulfite (MBS; 80 mM; pH 2.9 +/- 0.1) or citric acid (CA; 0.4 M; pH 2.0 +/- 0.1) aerosols induced a reduction in compliance and conductance in the isolated perfused and ventilated guinea pig lung without affecting perfusion flow. The effect was dependent on the pH of the nebulized solution since inhalation of 80 mM MBS aerosols at pH 7.4 did not induce any effect on bronchial tone. Concomitantly to the bronchoconstriction induced by MBS or CA an increased level of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP-LI) in the effluent perfusate was observed, indicating activation of sensory nerves. Sodium sulfite, a dissolution product of MBS, has previously been shown by our studies to reduce bronchoconstriction induced by inhalation of sulfur dioxide, in the isolated perfused and ventilated guinea pig lung. In the present study perfusion of the lung with sodium sulfite (3 mM) before and during exposure to aerosols with either MBS or CA attenuated the bronchoconstriction induced by the acidic solutions. The release of CGRP-LI induced by MBS or CA was not affected by sodium sulfite. Sulfite treatment did not modify perfused guinea pig lung reactivity towards acetylcholine (4 nmol), bradykinin (100 pmol), histamine (10 nmol), serotonin (500 pmol) and substance P fragment 5-11, a substance P analogue resistant to degrading enzyme (500 pmol). However, an inhibitory effect by sodium sulfite was observed on bronchoconstriction induced by the NK-2 agonist neurokinin A fragment 4-10 (NKA 4-10, 25 pmol). These results indicate that MBS- or CA-induced bronchoconstriction was dependent on the low pH of the aerosol solution and coincided with activation of sensory nerves. Sulfite modulation of the bronchoconstricting action of inhaled MBS and CA is suggested to be related to a sulfite-sensitive step in the signal transduction of the neuropeptide NKA.
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PMID:Sodium metabisulfite and citric acid induce bronchoconstriction via a sulfite-sensitive pathway in the isolated guinea pig lung. 909 50

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a surgical technique in treating periodontal defects. The technique combined tetracycline treatment of a root planed root, grafting of the osseous defect with a demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft combined with tetracycline and the placement of a bioabsorbable matrix membrane, made of polylactic acid softened with citric acid ester. Thirty defects were treated in 27 patients. Statistically significant changes, as a result of the surgical procedure, were observed in marginal recession (mean: 0.5 mm), probing depth reductions (mean: 5.7 mm), and attachment level gain (mean: 5.2 mm). No statistically significant difference existed between the results in the furcation and non-furcation groups. The defects with probing depths > or = 10 mm had a greater mean probing depth reduction (7.4 mm) and mean attachment level improvement (7.2 mm) than the defects with < 10 mm probing depths (probing depth reduction 4.5 mm and attachment level gain 3.9 mm). The proposed surgical procedure seemed to be an effective method to treat periodontal defects.
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PMID:A clinical evaluation of guided tissue regeneration with a bioabsorbable matrix membrane combined with an allograft bone graft. A series of case reports. 920 4

The effect of dietary citric acid supplementation on calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) bioavailability was studied in rats fed 3 different diets containing 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 g/100g Ca during 7 weeks. Citric acid supplementation increased intestinal Ca and P absorption and the Ca and P retention/intake ratio only in rats fed the 1% Ca diet. It also increased the P concentration of bone ashes in rats fed the 0.5% Ca diet (18.9 +/- 0.2 vs 17.5 +/- 0.5%) and the 1% Ca diet (20 +/- 0.1 vs. 19 +/- 0.3%), and the Ca bone ash concentration in rats fed the 1% Ca diet (36.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 35.7 +/- 0.5%). In rats fed the 1% Ca diet, plasma P concentration was decreased by citric acid supplementation (2.09 +/- 0.10 vs. 2.45 +/- 0.08 mmol/l) while urinary P excretion was increased (18.2 +/- 2.3 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.3 mmol/4 days), together with a decrease in plasma calcitriol concentration (54.4 +/- 2.6 vs. 79.6 +/- 2.5 ng/l), but no change of the circulating parathyroid hormone level. This study indicates that citric acid supplementation together with a Ca-rich diet allows to obtain an increased retention of Ca and P in bone. The prolonged administration of Ca citrate supplements may therefore help to increase bone mineral concentration.
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PMID:Stimulation by citric acid of calcium and phosphorus bioavailability in rats fed a calcium-rich diet. 925 73

The overall goal of this clinical study was to determine the short-term anti-infective effects of four randomized treatment modalities on Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Bacteroides forsythus (Bf) and determine the effects of bacterial survival on treatment outcomes in patients with adult periodontitis. Twelve adult patients requiring therapy for moderate periodontitis were selected for this study. All patients had at least one tooth in each quadrant that had an inflamed pocket of probing depth > or =5 mm with probing attachment loss that harbored at least one of the following three periodontal pathogens: Aa, Pg, or Bf. The number of target organisms per site was determined pre-operatively, at 1 week, and 1 month and 3 months postoperatively utilizing DNA probes. One quadrant in each patient was randomly assigned to each one of the following four treatment groups: 1) scaling and root planing (SRP group); 2) pocket reduction through osseous surgery and apically-positioned flap (OS group); 3) modified Widman flap (MWF group); and 4) modified Widman flap and topical application of saturated citric acid at pH 1 for 3 minutes (CA group). The 4 treatment modalities were performed in one appointment. No postoperative antibiotics were used. Patients were instructed to supplement their daily oral hygiene with chlorohexidine oral rinse during the study. The results of this investigation indicated that: 1) none of the treatment modalities was effective in eliminating the target species; 2) the incidence of infected sites for all groups was 100% preoperatively; 62.5%, 33.3%, and 31.3% at 1 week, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively, respectively; 3) these infected sites lost 1.1 +/- 0.4 mm of probing attachment compared to gain of 0.0 +/- 0.3 mm for uninfected sites; 4) the infected sites had higher plaque and bleeding on probing 0.9 +/- 0.3, 73 +/- 12%, respectively, compared to 0.3 +/- 0.1 and 30 +/- 8% for the uninfected sites; and 5) no statistically significant differences were detected among the infected sites in regard to gingival index (1.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.1) or probing depth (3.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.0 +/- 0.1 mm). These results indicate that bacterial survival negatively affects the short-term clinical outcomes of non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy.
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PMID:The survival rate of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Bacteroides forsythus following 4 randomized treatment modalities. 928 61

A series of experiments were carried out in order to determine doxycycline hydrochloride (DoxHCl) plasma levels in 6-wk-old turkeys medicated via drinking water containing DoxHCl at a concentration of 250 mg/L under laboratory and field conditions. Maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) values of 5.7 (+/-1.0) microgram/mL and 4.9 (+/-1.4) micrograms/mL obtained after DoxHCl administration during 2 and 7 d, respectively, were not significantly different. A significant difference was found between the area under the plasma concentration-time profile, calculated between 0 and 168 h (AUC(0-168)), Cmax, and the minimal plasma concentration (Cmin) values obtained after medication with a DoxHCl solution at a concentration of 250 mg/L (431.9 +/- 96.6 micrograms.h/mL, 4.9 +/- 1.4 micrograms/mL and 0.7 +/- 0.3 microgram/mL) and after medication with a DoxHCl solution at a concentration of 750 mg/L (1,176.5 +/- 201.8 micrograms.h/mL, 12.5 +/- 2.7 micrograms/mL and 2.9 +/- 0.4 micrograms/mL), respectively. The increase in body weight was also significantly higher for turkeys medicated with a DoxHCl solution at a concentration of 750 mg/L (83.7 g/d) than for the lower concentration (35.6 g/d). The DoxHCl solution uptake significantly decreased with the increase of DoxHCl concentration. A Cmax value of 1.7 +/- 0.6 micrograms/mL and a Cmin value of 0.5 +/- 0.1 microgram/mL were observed during the field experiment. Water consumption under laboratory conditions was followed for tap water (70 +/- 50 mL/kg.d) and for a DoxHCl solution at a concentration of 250 mg/L supplemented with 1 g anhydrous citric acid/L (119 +/- 6 mL/kg.d) and revealed to be not significantly different. The variability was significantly higher for tap water than for the DoxHCl solution. The stability of the DoxHCl solution containing 1 g citric acid/L over 24 h was 99% expressed as the percentage of the initial concentration.
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PMID:Administration of doxycycline hydrochloride via drinking water to turkeys under laboratory and field conditions. 931 8

To study the effect of exercise on appetite in men, hunger, thirst, taste perception, energy intake, and macronutrient choice were assessed in relation to exercise and to sauna; the latter was done to correct for dehydration and rise in body temperature. Since exercise is used to prevent and cure obesity, subjects included obese as well as nonobese men. Thirty subjects (25 +/- 7 years, BMI 22.8 +/- 1.6 and 28.5 +/- 1.9) were given twice, in random order before and after 2 h of cycling at 60% of Wmax, 2 h of sauna, or 2 h of rest, an ample choice from solid and liquid almost single-macronutrient food items and a taste perception test with solutions of sucrose, citric acid, NaCl, quinine, a mixture of these, and a carbohydrate electrolyte solution. After cycling as well as after sauna, in comparison to after rest, subjects lost 3 +/- 0.5% of body mass, while thirst, fluid intake, perception of sweet at relatively low concentrations, and percentage of energy coming from carbohydrate increased significantly. Only after cycling compared to after rest did perception of bitterness at a low concentration increase and hunger and energy intake decrease. We conclude that exercise induced a short-term reduction in hunger and energy intake, whereas exercise and sauna induced a short-term increase in taste perception of sweet at the lower concentration, while macronutrient preference of carbohydrate increased.
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PMID:Acute effects of exercise or sauna on appetite in obese and nonobese men. 938 24


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