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Query: T03G11 .9
 340,653 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The thresholds of the pH for citric acid (pH=4.9) were found to exceed by 1.4 pH the thresholds for HC1 (3.5) at 1.2 mmol/1 bicarbonate in the solution. The reaction to citric acid was higher than to HC1 at equal pH. Decreasing of bicarbonate from 1.2 mmol/1 to 0 reduced pH threshold only for sitric acid from 4.90 to 3.15. pH threshold for HC1 remained 3.5 The chorda tympani response to stimulation with solutions containing bicarbonate (1.2 mmol/1) was higher than in absence of bicarbonate. The data obtained suggest two ranges of the acids in action.
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PMID:[Differences in the responses of taste receptors to organic and inorganic acids with changes in the concentration of bicarbonate in the solution]. 0 Dec 93

A bonded tripeptide (L-valyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valine) phase has been used as a stationary phase in liquid chromatography. Unique retention orders and retention variations are shown for phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivatives of amino acids and isomeric dipeptides using acidic and basic mobile phases. It is shown that the 25 PTH-amino acids studied here have different capacity ratios when 1% citric acid in water (ca. pH 2.5) is used as the mobile phase. The analysis time for these amino acid derivatives could be shortened without a loss in the resolution by adding 5% methanol to the above mobile phase. Of particular importance is the fact that the basic amino acids are eluted first. Isomeric dipeptides have been resolved by using deionized water (pH 5.5), and 1% sodium citrate in water (pH 7.9), as mobile phases. The data show that the nature of the mobile phases, the pH, and the ionic strength are the important factors affecting the selectivity and efficiency of the separations of amino acids and dipeptides.
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PMID:High-pressure liquid chromatography of amino acids and dipeptides on a tripeptide bonded stationary phase. 19 9

The inactivation of several types of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) by pH and by betapropiolactone (BPL) was studied. At 19 degrees - 22 degrees C the virus was stable between pH 6.0 and 10.4, whether suspended in mouse brain or in serumfree buffer. Below pH 5.6 and above pH 10.9, more than 99 per cent of infectivity was inactivated within 15 minutes. The addition of 50 per cent serum did not influence pH stability. Disinfection in the presence of citric acid and caustic soda is briefly discussed. Inactivation by BPL was complete within 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, yet incomplete after 15 hours at 4 degrees C. Types 3 and 9 virus grown in suckling mouse brain and types 1, 3 and 9 produced in pig kidney cells were equally susceptible to 0.1 per cent BPL, more than 99.9 per cent being inactivated. The effectiveness of BPL was reduced at least 10-fold by the addition of 50 per cent serum. No infective virus was detected following incubation of either tissue culture virus with 0.2 per cent BPL or of mouse brain virus with 0.3 per cent BPL. Virus suspensions exposed to 0.3 per cent BPL required buffering with Tris of at least 0.05 molar strength in order to maintain the pH within an acceptable range. Inactivated antigens prepared with 0.4 per cent or lower concentrations of BPL were immunogenic in guinea pigs.
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PMID:Inactivation of African horse-sickness virus by betapropiolactone and by pH. 23 97

The effect of moderated hypoxia (50.5 kPa air) and severe hypoxia (40.8 kPa air) in vivo liver and heart triglyceride concentration and mitochondrial respiration rates was studied. Liver triglyceride concentrations increased in severe hypoxia from 7.3 mumol/g wet weight to 23.3 mumol/g wet weight over 7 days. After the period of seven days in severe hypoxia, the palmitate, octanoate and palmitoylcarnitine oxidation rates of mitochondrial suspensions were significantly reduced when the citric acid cycle was operative. No decrease in the fatty acid, fatty acyl-CoA or carnitine derivative oxidation was observed when only the beta oxidation system was studied. Mitochondria isolated from the heart or liver after seven days in severe hypoxia showed reduced respiratory control ratios, the decrease being from the normal 4.9 to 1.9 in the liver mitochondria using succinate as substrate. The reduction in respiratory control was mainly due to lowered State 3 respiration rates. Some reduction in the ratio was also observed in the fasting controls, from 5.8 to 3.4 with succinate. The respiratory control ratio could be partially normalized by the addition of albumin to the isolation medium for the liver mitochondria after severe hypoxia. Under these conditions, however, the State 4 respiration of the mitochondria from the hypoxic animals was higher than that for the controls.
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PMID:Effect of chronic hypoxia on hepatic triacylglycerol concentration and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidizing capacity in liver and heart. 62 89

We measured pyruvate oxidation in intact leukocytes and fibroblasts by measuring 14C02 production. The optimal pyruvate concentration appeared to be higher than that usually applied. Activities remained constant during the incubation and were proportional to the amount of tissue protein added. Man values (+/-SD) were 2.8 +/- 0.9 nmol/h per 10(6) cells and 37 +/- 14 nmol/h per mg of protein for leukocytes and fibroblasts, respectively, for [1-14C]pyruvate oxidation; and 2.1 +/- 0.8 nmol/h per 10(6) cells and 18 +/- 7 nmol/h per mg of protein, respectively for [2-14C]pyruvate oxidation. We compared oxidation rates of pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate by intact cells with those of isolated mitochondria. The ratio of 14CO2 production vs. activity of mitochondrial marker enzyme demonstrated that the rate of pyruvate oxidation can adequately be assayed in intact cells, but that the permeability of the cell membrane is rate-limiting in the oxidation of 2-oxoglutarate. No significant oxidation of other intermediates of the citric acid cycle was found, presumably owing to a low rate of transport of these substances across the cell membrane.
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PMID:Determination of pyruvate oxidation rate and citric acid cycle activity in intact human leukocytes and fibroblasts. 62 49

Cephalexin levels in the ejaculates of 31 infection-free volunteers have been determined following the administration of 1 g of antibiotic. In 16 subjects the cephalexin was administered by intramuscular injection and in 15 by mouth. In each case the volunteers were divided into groups of five each of which received the drug, 1, 2 or 4 hours before the collection of semen. Antibiotic concentrations were determined microbiologically on agar plates using Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341. For selection purposes healthy subjects were considered to be those showing a normal anamnesis and physical exploration, an absence of leucocytes demonstrable by a cytomorphological evaluation of the semen, semen citric acid and fructose levels within normal limits and a qualitatively and quantitatively similar saprophytic flora to that seen in a culture of urine taken immediately before the collection of semen. Maximum concentrations were obtained 2 hours after the administration of the antibiotic and the concentration following intramuscular injection (6.9 microgram/ml) was significantly greater than that following oral administration (4.7 microgram/ml).
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PMID:Cephalexin concentration in the human ejaculate following oral and parenteral administration. 64 44

Tested were two drug combinations for the treatment of a total of 111 cows affected postpartum with acute endometritis. The cows showed equal values in terms of age, annual milk yield, tending and feeding. The animals were treated via the uterus, three times at the interval of 48 hours. Used were antibiotics in combination with other therapeutic means. The first combination used included: furaccillin 1g, furazolidon 0,5 g, kanamicyn 1 g, penicillin 1 g, citric acid 5 g, and trivitaminol 80 cu. cm. Its use contributed to a 76.3 per cent conception rate within the limits of an 80-day service period, and a 56.2 per cent conception rate at first insemination. The second combination consisted of tetracycline 0.5 g, norsulfasol 5 g, pepsin 3 g, citric acid 5 g, and trivitaminol 80 cu. cm. In this case the conception rate obtained was 47.4 per cent and 28.9 per cent, respectively. The cows treated with the first combination had a shorter service period (15.9 days shorter), and the insemination index was 0.3 lower as compared with the cows treated with the second combination.
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PMID:[Methods of treatment of puerperal endometritis in cows]. 110 9

The Delves micro-scale technique for blood lead analysis is an accurate method for screening capillary blood specimens, obtained by fingerstick, for lead intoxication. Results are affected by the age of cup, loop, and hollow-cathode tube and by the spatial relationship between optical tube and cup. Because the glass in many commercially available capillary tubes (used in specimen collection) contains lead and cannot be decontaminated, a lead-free glass tube must be used. A solution of citric acid in ethanol (20 g/liter) effectively cleanses the puncture site. A double-blind study of 207 specimens gave a mean value of 276.6 plus or minus 105.8 mug/liter (1SD) for the micro-scale method vs. 273.2 plus or minus 99.0 for a macro-scale method. The mean coefficent of variation for the micro-scale method was 5.75 percent plus or minus 1.9 (SD). We conclude that values of 480 mug/liter or below are not "toxic" (i.e., are significantly less than 600 mug/liter, the value at which therapy is begun). The method is shown to be satisfactory as a screening procedure and for confirming lead analyses done by other methods.
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PMID:Micro-scale blood lead determinations in screening: evaluation of factors affecting results. 111 87

The effect of citric acid conditioning of the root surface in conjunction with gingival flap surgery including barrier membranes (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) was clinically evaluated in 26 intrabony periodontal defects in 23 patients. Control treatment included gingival flap surgery with barrier membranes alone. Twelve defects were treated with the experimental and 14 with the control protocol. Healing was evaluated 12 months after surgery. Initial probing depths approximated 6.9 mm and defect depths measured during surgery exceeded 4 mm. The patients exhibited good oral hygiene over the study interval as substantiated by low plaque and bleeding scores. Acid conditioning of the root surface did not enhance periodontal healing in this study, similar amounts of defect resolution were observed following either treatment protocol. Probing depth reduction generally approximated 1.8 mm; gain of clinical attachment, 0.8 mm; and defect bone fill, 1.2 mm. Under the prevailing conditions, the barrier membrane procedure apparently gave a healing result beyond which further improvement could not be achieved by root surface conditioning.
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PMID:Healing of the intrabony periodontal lesion following root conditioning with citric acid and wound closure including an expanded PTFE membrane. 145 3

Magnesium (Mg) is known as an inhibitor of spontaneously contracting muscular tissues. To increase extracellular Mg in vivo, high doses of Mg must be given orally. Therefore, we investigated the effect of different doses of Mg given from the mucosal side of the small intestine of rats. According to the model of Trendelenburg, a system for the perfusion of isolated small intestine was developed, which allows the simultaneous recording of absorption and muscle contractions. Increasing doses of Mg were applied serosally or intraluminally. Intramulinal Mg did not affect intestinal motility. In contrast, increasing concentrations of serosal Mg resulted in a 50% inhibition of motility at 2.9 mmol/l Mg. This indicates no influence on intestinal motility of high doses of Mg acting from the mucosal side. In further studies, the addition of citric acid or taurocholic acid did not alter Mg absorption. Serosally applied amiloride (1 mmol/l) inhibited absorption, but also resulted in complete loss of motility. Since in this model passive diffusion is the most important mechanism of Mg transport, a direct influence of amiloride on Mg absorption can be excluded. From these data, we conclude that intestinal motility influences absorption--also of ions in aqueous solution--and should therefore be taken into account in absorption studies.
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PMID:In vitro magnesium absorption and the role of intestinal motility. 150 26


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