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Query: KEGG:D06457 (HCG)
 2,659 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven adrenal carcinomas and seventeen pheochromocytomas (PHs), two of which were clinically associated with a Cushing's syndrome and one associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia Type II (MEN-II), were investigated immunohistologically with a panel of antibodies against intermediate filament proteins, a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen (Ki-67), neuroendocrine tumor markers, and different hormones on paraffin-embedded tissue sections and, from 19 cases, also on frozen tissue sections. Synaptophysin proved to be the most reliable tumor cell marker on both snap-frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue but, like antibodies against NSE, yielded unspecific stainings in the carcinomas. The two Cushing-associated pheochromocytomas (CaPH) showed the same immunohistological profile as the other PHs, except one chromogranin-negative tumor. Five PHs showed weak reactivity for calcitonin, one for serotonin, and two for a-HCG in small amounts. All PHs lacked other hormone expression, including ACTH. The average growth fraction was small (2.2%) in 13 cases, but 80% of the tumor cells were proliferating in one case of CaPH. Adrenal carcinomas showed only weak or no expression of keratin in one case, a homogenous or droplet, non-filamentous cytoplasmic staining with antibodies against neurofilament in frozen tissue section, and they were completely chromogranin-negative. The average growth fraction was 7.6% in 5 cases.
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PMID:Cushing syndrome-associated pheochromocytoma and adrenal carcinoma. An immunohistological investigation. 162 92

A primary carcinoid tumor of testis was studied. The tumor cells showed a strong positive reaction to argyrophil or argentaffin stainings, and neuroendocrine granules were identified by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells expressed various markers such as those for NSE, synaptophysin, CG, Leu-7, 5-HT, HCG, cytokeratin, EMA, CEA and PACP, which indicated the special multiple directions of differentiation of cells possessing neuroendocrinal, epithelial or carcinoembryonic behavior.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical demonstration of neurohormonal polypeptides in primary carcinoid tumor of testis]. 171 56

Serum tumour marker analyses are now an integral part of the modern management of patients with testicular or extragonadal germ cell tumours of the testis. AFP, HCG and may help in the diagnosis of extragonadal germ cell tumours in (young) males with malignancies of uncertain origin. AFP and HCG analyses play decisive roles in the classification, staging, choice of therapy and monitoring of treatment and follow-up of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumours. HCG, LDH and possibly NSE analyses are becoming important tools for the management of advanced seminoma, but there is a need for more reliable markers in this tumour type. Serum samples for AFP and HCG should be obtained before orchiectomy in any patient with a testicular tumour, as the pre-orchiectomy titres may represent important information for the subsequent clinical decision making. Cost-benefit estimates regarding the role of serum tumour markers in saving the life of patients with testis cancer are presented.
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PMID:Serum tumour markers in testicular and extragonadal germ cell malignancies. 194 58

The reaction pattern found in thirteen different pulmonary blastomas was tested with four different polyclonal and six different monoclonal antibodies using the avidin-biotin-reaction. Immunohistochemically, the tumours showed positive reactions, both with antibodies that are considered to be epithelial markers (K11, EMA), and with antibodies that indicate a differening mesenchymal differentiation (vimentine, desmine, protein-S100). It was not possible to label any tumour cells with the antibodies anti-beta-HCG, anti-NSE, anti-lysozyme or anti-CEA. The negative response of the CEA reaction can be useful for the differentiation from pulmonary adenocarcinoma, in particular in the case of tumours with highly differentiated glandular components.
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PMID:[Pulmonary blastoma. Immunohistochemical characterization of heteromorphic tumor components]. 219 30

Tumour markers are often circulating tumour-associated indicators of tumour development. As such they are not suitable for tumour screening and localization, but valuable as adjuncts for medical follow-up care of tumour patients, where their serum level alterations may anticipate the clinical detection of tumour behaviour by a lead time of 1 to 6 months before other methods. The following tumour may be controlled by established markers: endocrine tumours by NSE, calcitonin, parathormone, 5-HIAA, catecholamines/metabolites etc.; head-neck tumours: SCC, CEA; thyroid carcinoma: TG, calcitonin; lung cancer: CEA, NSE, SCC; liver cancer: AFP (PLC), CA 19-9 (cholangiocell.), CEA (secondary): biliary tract and pancreatic cancer: CA 19-9; colorectal carcinoma: CEA, CA 19-9; squamous cell carcinoma (ENT, oesophagus, anal): SCC; breast cancer: CEA and CA 15-3; ovarian cancer: CA 125 (epithelial), CA 19-9 (mucinous); germ cell tumours (ovary including trophoblastic tumours/testes): AFP and HCG; prostatic cancer: PAP and PSA; bladder cancer: TPA.
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PMID:[Clinical relevance of tumor markers]. 267 6

A 54 year old woman suffered from acromegaly due to a pancreatic islet cell tumour producing GHRH. The tumour was demonstrated on CT scan. The diagnosis was established from elevated plasma levels of GHRH, GH and prolactin, and by the lack of signs of a pituitary adenoma in trans-sphenoidal surgery. Acromegaly was cured by tumour removal. Light microscopically, the tumour showed a medullary and microlobular pattern. The cells were large and often cuspidal. Small granules were found in semi-thin sections. Small aggregations of amyloid fibres were seen, mostly around capillaries. Immunocytochemistry revealed GHRH, NSE, neurotensin, serotonin, VIP and PP. S 100 was positive only in nerve fibres. Staining for GH, ACTH, calcitonin, alpha-HCG, beta-HCG, insulin, glucagon, gastrin, substance P, bombesin and somatostatin was negative. Ultrastructure showed oval partly lobulated nuclei with small nucleoli, moderate amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, many free ribosomes, some large Golgi fields and small numbers of secretory granules measuring 150 nm or, in a few cells, 650 nm. Only 4 other cases of pancreatic endocrine tumours causing acromegaly by ectopic GHRH secretion are described in the literature and these were similar to our case in many respects.
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PMID:Morphology of a GHRH producing pancreatic islet cell tumour causing acromegaly. 301 79

Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical studies were performed on a specimen obtained at operation from a 4 year-old female with intracranially spread pineal tumor in the right temporal lobe. Microscopically, it was a highly cellular tumor, and the cells contained chromatin-rich round or oval nuclei and scanty cytoplasms. There were numerous mitotic figures. Rosettes were not detected. Both immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded sections and immunocytochemical staining of short-term cultured cells disclosed a subgroups of cell positive for NSE and 68K-NF (neurofilament). No cells were positive for GFAP, S-100 protein or HCG. From these findings, the tumor was thought to be pineoblastoma, which is an undifferentiated tumor that rarely shows divergent differentiating potential. This is the first report of pineoblastoma with the differentiation only toward the neuronal line confirmed by the analysis of immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry.
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PMID:Pineoblastoma with neuronal differentiation--immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical studies. 306 52

A 36-year-old man in otherwise good general condition and with completely normal laboratory results suffered from right upper abdominal pain. Hepatomegaly was diagnosed as due to cystic liver disease after ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Recurrent abdominal pain continued over several months. Open liver biopsy eventually revealed trabecular-tubular carcinoma (APUDoma). Silver reaction was positive in many tumour cells. Electronmicroscopy demonstrated membrane-bound granules typical for endocrine cells. Immunohistological examinations of various hormones and of neurone-specific enolase were negative, but repeatedly measured high serum levels of pancreatic polypeptide and of beta-HCG nonetheless suggested an endocrine tumour. This case demonstrates that nonparasitic cystic changes in the liver, especially multiple ones, should have a firm diagnosis established by invasive means. Endocrine tumours can be mistaken for polycystic liver disease.
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PMID:[Liver apudoma simulating cystic liver]. 331 78

In groups of 50 patients with lung cancer and 19 patients with non-tumourous pulmonary disease the authors evaluated the contribution of examinations using four tumour markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, beta sub-unit of human choriogonadotropin, neuron-specific enolase and alpha-l-fetoprotein) for statistically significant differences were found only in CEA; NSE and HCG levels were higher in patients with tumours, the differences were, however, not statistically higher in patients with non-tumorous diagnoses. The levels of tumour marker rose in relation to TNM stages. When evaluating tumour markers in relation to histological types of lung cancer, the authors found the highest CEA levels in adenocarcinomas, HCG in the non-differentiated type and NSE were highest in small-cell lung cancer. By means of a mathematical model of discrimination analysis the optimal combination of discrimination signs was defined which was age, CEA and HCG. With the help of the elaborated equation it is possible to differentiate on the basis of our results groups of patients with an almost 80% certainty. The authors conclude that tumour markers are not suitable for screening patients with lung cancer; they can be successfully used as auxiliary diagnostic methods at pneumological and oncological in-patient departments.
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PMID:[Tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. 768 76

Eight patients with carcinoid tumors (5 from the lungs and 3 from the thymus) associated with Cushing's syndrome were studied. Among them, 5 were male and 3 female with a mean age of 32.5 years. Histologically, all were typical carcinoids. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly positive of NSE, chromogranin A and ACTH in all 8 cases. Some tumors also positive for S-100, calcitonin, HCG alpha and HCG beta. Various amounts of neurosecretory granules were found in the tumors by electron microscopy and ACTH positive dots were also noticed in some of the neurosecretory granules in the tumor cells by immunoelectron microscopical colloidal gold labelling technique. By in situ hybridization technique, overexpression of chromogranin A mRNA was detected in all of the tumors reported.
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PMID:[Pathological study on thoracic carcinoids accompanied with Cushing's syndrome]. 772 Jan 14


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