Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D06457 (HCG)
 2,659 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 54 year old woman suffered from acromegaly due to a pancreatic islet cell tumour producing GHRH. The tumour was demonstrated on CT scan. The diagnosis was established from elevated plasma levels of GHRH, GH and prolactin, and by the lack of signs of a pituitary adenoma in trans-sphenoidal surgery. Acromegaly was cured by tumour removal. Light microscopically, the tumour showed a medullary and microlobular pattern. The cells were large and often cuspidal. Small granules were found in semi-thin sections. Small aggregations of amyloid fibres were seen, mostly around capillaries. Immunocytochemistry revealed GHRH, NSE, neurotensin, serotonin, VIP and PP. S 100 was positive only in nerve fibres. Staining for GH, ACTH, calcitonin, alpha-HCG, beta-HCG, insulin, glucagon, gastrin, substance P, bombesin and somatostatin was negative. Ultrastructure showed oval partly lobulated nuclei with small nucleoli, moderate amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, many free ribosomes, some large Golgi fields and small numbers of secretory granules measuring 150 nm or, in a few cells, 650 nm. Only 4 other cases of pancreatic endocrine tumours causing acromegaly by ectopic GHRH secretion are described in the literature and these were similar to our case in many respects.
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PMID:Morphology of a GHRH producing pancreatic islet cell tumour causing acromegaly. 301 79

The heterogeneity of gastrin-containing G cells present in human gastric mucosa has been examined immunohistochemically. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), calcitonin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-immunoreactivity were detected in about 500, 20 and 10 cells pro 1,000 G cells, respectively, these findings supporting the "one cell, multi-hormone theory". Gastrin, calcitonin immunoreactive tumor cells were demonstrated in 13%, 3% of the antral adenocarcinomas and 17% and 10% of antral endocrine tumors, but they were not found in fundic adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors. Cell hybridization between the tumor cell and the G-cell might be a possible mechanism for the occurrence of gastric and calcitonin in the gastric tumors. HCG-immunoreactive tumor cells were detected in 27% of antral adenocarcinomas, and in 24% of the fundic adenocarcinomas, and the production of hCG by gastric tumor cells might be based on the gene expression during carcinogenesis, regardless of the tumor localization.
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PMID:[Heterogeneity of gastrin-containing G-cells and its expression in gastric adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors]. 349 29

In roughly 10 patients with lung cancer of various histologic types, the levels of hormones adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), calcitonin, parathormone, beta-choriogonadotropin (HCG), human placental lactogen (HPL), growth hormone (HGH), and prolactin were determined by radioimmunoassay. The ACTH level was elevated in 30% of patients with oat cell carcinoma and in 26% of patients with large cell carcinoma. Calcitonin levels were increased in 48% of patients with oat cell carcinoma. Elevated levels of HCG were found in 33% of patients with oat cell carcinoma, in 26% of patients with large cell carcinoma, and in 19% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Parathormone was increased in 32% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma in 27% of patients with oat cell carcinoma, and in a few patients with large cell carcinoma. Prolactin, HCG and HPL were present only in single cases. Elevated levels of at least one hormone were found in 65.2% of all patients, and in 78% of the patients with oat cell carcinoma. Serial determinations of ACTH and calcitonin showed that these hormones are useful for monitoring therapy in lung patients. There was no relation between hormone levels and the clinical stage of disease.
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PMID:Ectopic hormones in lung cancer patients at diagnosis and during therapy. 624 92

A total of 37 human bronchial carcinomas (15 small cell, 10 squamous, six large cell and six adenocarcinomas) have been successfully heterotransplanted into immune-suppressed mice. Monolayer tissue cultures have been established from 23 of the xenograft lines. After contact with tumour cells, supernatant culture medium was analysed by radioimmunoassay for adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), calcitonin, human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (beta HCG) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Calcitonin production was associated with three (13%) xenograft lines (two small cell, one adenocarcinoma). beta HCG was found in three (13%) lines (one small cell, two large cell anaplastic). CEA was produced in 13 (56.5%) lines (seven small cell, two squamous, one large cell, three adenocarcinomas). ACTH was present in 18 (78.2%) lines (11 small cell, two squamous, two large cell, three adenocarcinomas), but evidence indicates that this hormone is not in all cases produced and secreted by the tumour.
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PMID:Tumor marker production in human bronchial carcinoma xenografts. 629 Oct 6

Peptide hormones LH, FSH, TSH, e-peptide, prolactin, HCG, PTH, calcitonin and prostaglandin F2 alpha were evaluated in 25 patients with renal adenocancer. Prolactin elevation found in 45% was unrelated to the stage of the disease, while aberrant TSH and FSH were more sensitive in indicating distant metastasis. Prostaglandin F2 alpha, measured as a stable degradation product 13,14-DHK-PGF2 alpha, was frequently elevated and normalized following tumor nephrectomy within 12 month. Serum PTH was decreased in patients with tumor dissemination suggesting resorptive hypercalcemina, whereas none of the patient had circulating HCG levels. Therefore even patients without any paraneoplastic syndromes have a frequent change of peptide hormones directly or indirectly caused by renal cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of peptide hormones LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin, HCG, parathormone, calcitonin and prostaglandin F2 alpha in kidney neoplasms]. 678 40

Eight patients with carcinoid tumors (5 from the lungs and 3 from the thymus) associated with Cushing's syndrome were studied. Among them, 5 were male and 3 female with a mean age of 32.5 years. Histologically, all were typical carcinoids. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly positive of NSE, chromogranin A and ACTH in all 8 cases. Some tumors also positive for S-100, calcitonin, HCG alpha and HCG beta. Various amounts of neurosecretory granules were found in the tumors by electron microscopy and ACTH positive dots were also noticed in some of the neurosecretory granules in the tumor cells by immunoelectron microscopical colloidal gold labelling technique. By in situ hybridization technique, overexpression of chromogranin A mRNA was detected in all of the tumors reported.
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PMID:[Pathological study on thoracic carcinoids accompanied with Cushing's syndrome]. 772 Jan 14

During a 5-year period (1986 to 1990), 7 patients with thoracic ectopic ACTH-producing tumors (4 pulmonary and 3 thymic) associated with Cushing's syndrome were diagnosed and treated in PUMC Hospital, Beijing. Among the 7 patients, 4 were male and 3 were female, with a mean age of 35.7 years. The duration of Cushing's syndrome before operation ranged from 6 months to 72 months. Histologically all tumors were typical carcinoids. Various amounts of neurosecretory granules were found in the tumor cells of all tumors by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemically all tumors were strongly positive for chromogranin A and NSE. The immunopositivity for ACTH was variable in different tumors. Some tumors were also positive for S-100, calcitonin, HCG alpha and HCG beta. By in situ hybridization technique, overexpression of chromogranin A mRNA was detected in all tumors.
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PMID:Thoracic ectopic ACTH-producing tumors with Cushing's syndrome. 839 17


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