Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D05286 (Syrup)
 109 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sambucus nigra L. products - Sambucol - are based on a standardized black elderberry extract. They are natural remedies with antiviral properties, especially against different strains of influenza virus. Sambucol was shown to be effective in vitro against 10 strains of influenza virus. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, Sambucol reduced the duration of flu symptoms to 3-4 days. Convalescent phase serum showed a higher antibody level to influenza virus in the Sambucol group, than in the control group. The present study aimed to assess the effect of Sambucol products on the healthy immune system - namely, its effect on cytokine production. The production of inflammatory cytokines was tested using blood - derived monocytes from 12 healthy human donors. Adherent monocytes were separated from PBL and incubated with different Sambucol preparations i.e., Sambucol Elderberry Extract, Sambucol Black Elderberry Syrup, Sambucol Immune System and Sambucol for Kids. Production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8) was significantly increased, mostly by the Sambucol Black Elderberry Extract (2-45 fold), as compared to LPS, a known monocyte activator (3.6-10.7 fold). The most striking increase was noted in TNF-alpha production (44.9 fold). We conclude from this study that, in addition to its antiviral properties, Sambucol Elderberry Extract and its formulations activate the healthy immune system by increasing inflammatory cytokine production. Sambucol might therefore be beneficial to the immune system activation and in the inflammatory process in healthy individuals or in patients with various diseases. Sambucol could also have an immunoprotective or immunostimulatory effect when administered to cancer or AIDS patients, in conjunction with chemotherapeutic or other treatments. In view of the increasing popularity of botanical supplements, such studies and investigations in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials need to be developed.
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PMID:The effect of Sambucol, a black elderberry-based, natural product, on the production of human cytokines: I. Inflammatory cytokines. 1139 18

This paper puts forward a method for determining the infection order of influenza between adults and children from the daily variations in the amount of influenza anti-viral agents treated at a pharmacy. The time series of Tamiflu Capsule for adults and Tamiflu Dry Syrup for children are compared by means of the cross-correlation function. The results from pharmacies located in Tokyo and Kanagawa show that the influenza infection period of adults is earlier than that of children, indicating the infection order: first adults and second children. However, a pharmacy in Saitama yields no clear result.
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PMID:Method for estimating the order of influenza infection between adults and children. 1659 23

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is widely prescribed to treat and prevent influenza virus A, influenza virus B, and H1N1 Flu. It is manufactured by Roche in 75-mg capsules. The need for other administration options for patients who cannot take capsules and cannot use suspending agents which contain alcohol, sorbitol, or preservatives has led to the compounding of oseltamivir into three suspending vehicles that do not contain these chemicals. All three contain neither alcohol nor sorbitol; the third also has no preservatives, a distinct advantage for special patient situations. The objective of this study was to determine the stability of oseltamivir in three different suspending agents: SyrSpend SF, Cherry Syrup, and SyrSpend SF (for reconstitution). The studied samples were compounded into 15-mg/mL suspensions and stored in low actinic plastic prescription bottles at temperatures between 2 degrees Celsius and 8 degrees Celsius. Triplicate samples were assayed at time intervals out to 30 days by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. The method was validated for its specificity through forced degradation studies. All of the samples tested remained within 90% to 110% of their initial concentrations throughout the course of the study. The shelf life of these products is at least 30 days, based on data collected when the aforementioned products are refrigerated and protected from light. Based on the final potency data at day 30, the shelf life may extend past the scope of this study, but 30 days was the limit of this study.
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PMID:Stability of Oseltamivir Phosphate in SyrSpend SF, Cherry Syrup, and SyrSpend SF (For Reconstitution). 2396 75